DIONYSIUS THE PRESBYTER TO TIMOTHY THE FELLOW-PRESBYTER

 ...ous Intelligences he described in the sacredly-written compositions of the Oracles, so that he might lead us up through the sensible to the intelli

 anagogical interpretations, which propose to us the formations possible for us of the formless and supernatural visions, but that this also is most fi

 to be entirely deprived of participation in the beautiful, if indeed, as the truth of the oracles says, All things are very good. <4> It is possible

 they veil the “Holy of Holies” and honor the dissimilar sacred representations, so that neither are the divine things easily accessible to the profane

 to be led up by analogy to the imitation of God and, what is the most divine thing of all, as the oracles say, to become a “fellow worker with God” an

 beings and irrationally living things and we rational beings have come to be in participation of the divine bestowal. For, intelligibly impressing the

 The things divinely promised to the forefather David have been fulfilled, while another announced the good news to the shepherds as those who had been

 their own powers and illuminations and their own sacred and supermundane good order. For it is impossible for us to know the mysteries of the super-ce

 and stably established and receptive of the visitation of the Godhead in all passionlessness and immateriality, and God-bearing, and servingly opened

 that Jesus himself initiates them immediately and first-givingly reveals to them his philanthropic good-working. For “I,” he says, “speak righteousnes

 below the earth extending its most good providence over all beings, as the super-princely principle and cause of every essence, and embracing all thin

 being led up to the super-essential principle of all things, and becoming partakers of the initiating purifications and illuminations and perfections,

 to lead principially and to be formed as much as possible in the likeness of that very principle-making principle and to reveal its super-essential or

 from which we also have looked up to the infinite and ungrudging sea of the divine light, opened readily to all for participation, over which no forei

 is led up. <2> And all are revealers and messengers of those before them, the most senior ones of God the Mover, and correspondingly the rest of those

 <ΧII.> <1> This also is inquired into by those who love to contemplate the intelligible oracles: for if the last ranks are unparticipant in the entire

 he has assigned the primary hierarchy. And is this statement perhaps true? For he who said this said that the Thearchic power, proceeding to all thing

 they do participate, but in a subordinate manner, looking to the first orders and through them, as those primarily deemed worthy of imitating God, are

 has reasonably ascribed the property to the Seraphim, after God. It is not at all strange, therefore, if the Seraph is said to purify the theologian.

 it having been previously understood that the clarifications of the sacredly-formed images sometimes show the same orders of the celestial essences hi

 of operations. Indeed, the divinely wise, knowing this, form the celestial substances out of fire, showing their God-like and, as far as possible, God

 and that which is dedicated to the whole of life, and the girdles, the guarding of their generative powers and that their unifying disposition is turn

 strong and indomitable, and that which assimilates itself, as far as possible, to the hiddenness of the ineffable Thearchy by the covering of its inte

 Let this much be said by me also concerning the sacred formations, falling short of their precise manifestation, but contributing, as I think, so that

<ΧII.> <1> This also is inquired into by those who love to contemplate the intelligible oracles: for if the last ranks are unparticipant in the entireties of the higher ones, for what reason has our hierarch been named by the oracles "Angel of the Lord Almighty." <2> But the explanation is not contradictory, as I think, to what has been previously determined. For we say that the last ranks fall short of the whole and superordinate power of the elder orders; for they partake of a partial and analogous power, according to the one harmonious and connective communion of all. For example, the order of the holy Cherubim partakes of a higher wisdom and knowledge, while the orders of essences under them also themselves partake of wisdom and knowledge, but yet partially and in a subordinate degree as compared with them, and to be altogether in participation of wisdom and knowledge is common to all the godlike intelligences, but to do so immediately and primarily, or secondarily and in a subordinate degree, is no longer common, but is determined for each according to its own analogy. And one would not wrongly define this concerning all the divine minds; for just as the first have superabundantly the holy properties of the subordinate ranks, so the last have those of the first, yet not in like manner, but in a subordinate degree. Therefore, as I think, there is nothing absurd if theology calls our hierarch an angel, as one partaking according to his own capacity of the interpretive property of the angels and aspiring, as far as is possible for men, to their revelatory likeness. <3> And you will find that theology also calls 'gods' both the celestial essences above us and the most god-loving and holy men among us, although the hiddenness of the Godhead is super-essentially set apart and established above all things and none of the things that exist can properly and wholly be named like unto it. Yet whatever among intelligent and rational beings has turned wholly, to the best of its ability, toward union with it, and unceasingly aspires, as far as possible, to its divine illuminations, by an imitation of God according to its capacity, if one may say so, has been deemed worthy of the divine homonymy. <ΧIII.> <1> Come, let us also investigate this according to our ability, for what reason a Seraph is said to be sent to one of the theologians. For someone might be perplexed that not one of the subordinate angels, but he himself who is numbered among the most senior essences purifies the prophet. <2> Some indeed say that according to the principle of communion of all the minds already given before, the oracle does not name one of the first minds around God as having come for the purification of the theologian, but that one of the angels set over us, as the minister of the prophet's purification, was called by the homonym of the Seraphim on account of the burning removal of the said sins and the rekindling of the one purified to divine obedience, and they say that the oracle simply said 'one of the Seraphim', not of those established around God, but of the purifying powers set over us. <3> But another gave me a defense, not at all absurd, for the present objection. For he said that that great one (whoever was the angel who fashioned the vision in order to initiate the theologian into the divine things) its own purifying ministry to God and after God to

<ΧII.> <1> Ζητεῖται δὲ καὶ τοῦτο τοῖς τῶν νοητῶν λογίων φιλοθεάμοσιν· εἰ γὰρ ἀμέθεκτα τῶν ὑπερτέρων ὁλοτήτων εἰσὶ τὰ τελευταῖα, δι' ἣν αἰτίαν ὁ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἱεράρχης «Ἄγγελος κυρίου παντοκράτορος» ὑπὸ τῶν λο γίων ὠνόμασται. <2> Ἔστι δὲ οὐκ ἐναντίος ὁ λόγος ὡς οἶμαι τοῖς προδιωρισμένοις. Φαμὲν γὰρ ὅτι τῆς ὁλικῆς καὶ ὑπερκειμένης τῶν πρεσβυτέρων διακόσμων δυνάμεως ἀποδέουσιν οἱ τελευταῖοι· τῆς γὰρ μερικῆς καὶ ἀναλόγου μετέχουσι κατὰ τὴν μίαν ἁπάντων ἐναρμόνιον καὶ συνδετικὴν κοινωνίαν. Oἷον ἡ τῶν ἁγίων Χερουβὶμ τάξις μετέχει σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως ὑψηλο τέρας, αἱ δὲ τῶν ὑπ' αὐτοὺς οὐσιῶν διακοσμήσεις μετέχουσι μὲν καὶ αὐταὶ σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως, μερικῆς δὲ ὅμως ὡς πρὸς ἐκείνους καὶ ὑφειμένης, καὶ τὸ μὲν ὅλως ἐν μετουσίᾳ σοφίας εἶναι καὶ γνώσεως κοινόν ἐστι πᾶσι τοῖς θεοειδέσι τῶν νοερῶν, τὸ δὲ προσεχῶς καὶ πρώτως ἢ δευτέρως καὶ ὑφειμένως οὐκέτι κοινόν, ἀλλ' ὡς ἑκάστῳ πρὸς τῆς οἰκείας ἀναλογίας ὥρισται. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ περὶ πάντων τῶν θείων νοῶν οὐκ ἄν τις ἡμαρτη μένως ὁρίσαιτο· καὶ γὰρ ὥσπερ οἱ πρῶτοι περισσῶς ἔχουσι τὰς τῶν ὑφειμένων ἁγιοπρεπεῖς ἰδιότητας, οὕτως ἔχουσιν οἱ τελευταῖοι τὰς τῶν προτέρων, οὐ μὴν ὁμοίως, ἀλλ' ὑφειμένως. Oὐδὲν οὖν ὡς οἶμαι τὸ ἄτοπον, εἰ καὶ τὸν καθ' ἡμᾶς ἱεράρχην ἄγγελον ἡ θεολογία καλεῖ τὸν κατὰ δύναμιν οἰκείαν μετέχοντα τῆς τῶν ἀγγέλων ὑποφητικῆς ἰδιότητος καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐκφαντορικὴν αὐτῶν ὁμοίωσιν ὡς ἐφικτὸν ἀνθρώποις ἀνατεινόμενον. <3> Eὑρήσεις δὲ ὅτι καὶ θεοὺς ἡ θεολογία καλεῖ τάς τε οὐρανίας καὶ ὑπὲρ ἡμᾶς οὐσίας καὶ τοὺς παρ' ἡμῖν φιλοθεωτάτους καὶ ἱεροὺς ἄνδρας καίτοι τῆς θεαρχικῆς κρυφιότητος ὑπερουσίως ἁπάντων ἐξῃρημένης τε καὶ ὑπεριδρυμένης καὶ μηδενὸς αὐτῇ τῶν ὄντων ἐμφεροῦς ὀνομάζεσθαι κυρίως καὶ ὁλικῶς δυναμένου. Πλὴν ὅσα τῶν νοερῶν τε καὶ λογικῶν πρὸς τὴν ἕνωσιν αὐτῆς ὅση δύναμις ὁλικῶς ἐπέστραπται καὶ πρὸς τὰς θείας αὐτῆς ἐλλάμψεις ὡς ἐφικτὸν ἀκαταλήκτως ἀνατείνεται, τῇ κατὰ δύναμιν εἰ θέμις εἰπεῖν θεομιμησίᾳ καὶ τῆς θεϊκῆς ὁμωνυμίας ἠξίωται. <ΧIII.> <1> Ἄγε δὴ καὶ τοῦτο κατὰ δύναμιν ἐπισκοπήσωμεν ὅτου ἕνεκα πρὸς ἕνα τῶν θεολόγων ὁ Σεραφὶμ ἀποστέλλεσθαι λέγεται. Καὶ γὰρ ἀπορήσειέ τις ὅτι μὴ τῶν ὑφειμένων τις ἀγγέλων, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ὁ ταῖς πρεσβυτάταις οὐσίαις ἐνάριθμος ἀποκαθαίρει τὸν ὑποφήτην. <2> Τινὲς μὲν οὖν φασιν ὅτι κατὰ τὸν ἤδη προαποδοθέντα τῆς πάντων τῶν νοῶν κοινωνίας ὅρον οὐχ ἕνα τῶν περὶ θεὸν πρωτίστων νοῶν ὀνομάζει τὸ λόγιον ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ θεολόγου κάθαρσιν ἐληλυθέναι, τινὰ δὲ τῶν ἡμῖν ἐφεστηκότων ἀγγέλων ὡς ἱερουργὸν τῆς τοῦ προφήτου κα θάρσεως τῇ τῶν Σεραφὶμ ὁμωνυμίᾳ κληθῆναι διὰ τὴν πρηστήριον τῶν εἰρημένων ἁμαρτιῶν ἀναίρεσιν καὶ τὴν τοῦ καθαρθέντος ἐπὶ τὴν θείαν ὑπακοὴν ἀναζωπύρησιν, καὶ τὸ λόγιον ἕνα τῶν Σεραφὶμ ἁπλῶς εἰρηκέναι φασὶν οὐ τῶν περὶ θεὸν ἱδρυμένων, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἡμῖν ἐφεστηκυιῶν καθαρ τικῶν δυνάμεων. <3> Ἕτερος δὲ οὐ σφόδρα ἄτοπόν τινα παρέσχετό μοι τὴν ἀπολογίαν ὑπὲρ τῆς παρούσης ἐνστάσεως. Ἔφη γὰρ ὅτι τὴν οἰκείαν καθαρτικὴν ἱερουργίαν ὁ μέγας ἐκεῖνος (ὅστις ποτὲ ἦν ὁ τὴν ὅρασιν διαπλάσας ἄγγελος εἰς τὸ μυῆσαι τὰ θεῖα τὸν θεολόγον) ἐπὶ θεὸν καὶ μετὰ θεὸν ἐπὶ