eyes? for she was a courtesan. Lais committed fornication, and the fornicator made her a monument of her fornication. Why do you not respect the fornication of Hephaestion, even if Philo makes him very skillfully? And for what reason through Leochares have you honored Ganymede the androgynous one as some precious possession, and that little woman putting on an anklet whom Praxiteles crafted? But it was necessary, having rejected every such form, to seek what is truly excellent and not, by laying claim to the unmentionable devices of Philaenis or Elephantis, to abominate our way of life. 35.1 Now these things I have set forth, not having learned them from another, but having traveled over much land and on the one hand practiced your sophistry, and on the other hand encountered many arts and devices, and finally having sojourned in the city of the Romans and studied the varieties of statues brought to them from you. For I do not try, as is the custom of many, to strengthen my own opinions with those of others, but of all things which I myself have comprehended, of these I wish also to compose a record. Wherefore, having bid farewell both to the boasting of the Romans and to the cold speaking of the Athenians *** with incoherent dogmas, I have laid claim to our barbarian philosophy; in what manner this is more ancient than your pursuits, though I began to write, yet on account of 35.2 the urgency of the explanation I postponed it, now that it is time to speak concerning its dogmas, *** I shall attempt. For do not be displeased with our teaching, nor contrive an argument against us full of trifles and scurrility, saying: Tatian, beyond the Greeks and beyond the infinite multitude of those who have philosophized, innovates the dogmas of the barbarians. For what is difficult in men who have been shown to be ignorant being refuted by a man now of like passions? And what is strange, according to your own sophist, _t_o_ _g_r_o_w_ _o_l_d_ _a_l_w_a_y_s_ _l_e_a_r_n_i_n_g_ _a_l_l_ _t_h_i_n_g_s_? 36.1 But let Homer be not only later than the Trojan events, but let him be supposed to have been at that very time of the war, and even to have campaigned with Agamemnon and his men. and, if anyone wishes, before even the invention of the letters had occurred. For the aforementioned Moses will be shown to be older than the capture of Ilium itself by very many years, and much more ancient than the founding of Ilium and of Tros and Dardanus. And for the sake of proof I will use as witnesses Chaldeans, Phoenicians, Egyptians. And why should I say more? For it is necessary for one who professes to persuade to make his narratives about the matters to his hearers more concise than *** Berosus, a Babylonian man, a priest of their Bel, who lived in the time of Alexander 36.2 and for Antiochus, the third after him, composed the history of the Chaldeans in three books, and setting forth the accounts of the kings, narrates of one of them named Nebuchadnezzar, who campaigned against the Phoenicians and the Jews; which things we know through our prophets to have been proclaimed as having happened much later than the age of Moses, but seventy years before the supremacy of the Persians. And Berosus is a most competent man; and a proof of this, Juba, writing On the Assyrians, says he learned the history from Berosus; and he has two books On the Assyrians. 37.1 And after the Chaldeans, the affairs of the Phoenicians are as follows. There were among them three men, Theodotus, Hypsicrates, Mochus; Laetus, who also diligently treated the lives of the philosophers, arranged their books into the Greek language. Indeed, in the histories of the aforementioned men it is made clear under which of the kings the abduction of Europa took place, and the arrival of Menelaus in Phoenicia, and the affairs concerning Hiram, who gave his own daughter to Solomon the king of the Jews in marriage and presented a supply of all sorts of timber for the construction of the temple. And Menander of Pergamum also made a record concerning the same things. And the time of Hiram already approaches that of the Trojan events; but Solomon 37.2 who was a contemporary of Hiram much later

ὀφθαλμούς; ἑταίρα γὰρ ἦν. Λαῒς ἐπόρνευσεν, καὶ ὁ πόρνος αὐτὴν ὑπόμνημα τῆς πορνείας ἐποίησεν. διὰ τί τὴν Ἡφαιστίωνος οὐκ αἰδεῖσθε πορνείαν καὶ εἰ πάνυ Φίλων αὐτὸν ἐντέχνως ποιεῖ; τίνος δὲ χάριν διὰ Λεωχάρους Γανυμήδη τὸν ἀνδρόγυνον ὥς τι σπουδαῖον ἔχοντες κτῆμα τετιμήκατε καὶ ὃ ψελιούμενόν τι γύναιον Πραξιτέλης ἐδημιούργησεν; ἐχρῆν δὲ πᾶν τὸ τοιοῦτον εἶδος παραιτησαμένους τὸ κατὰ ἀλήθειαν σπουδαῖον ζητεῖν καὶ μὴ Φιλαινίδος μηδὲ Ἐλεφαντίδος τῶν ἀρρήτων ἐπινοιῶν ἀντιποιουμένους τὴν ἡμετέραν πολιτείαν βδελύττεσθαι. 35.1 Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν οὐ παρ' ἄλλου μαθὼν ἐξεθέμην, πολλὴν δὲ ἐπιφοιτήσας γῆν καὶ τοῦτο μὲν σοφιστεύσας τὰ ὑμέτερα, τοῦτο δὲ τέχναις καὶ ἐπινοίαις ἐγκυρήσας πολλαῖς, ἔσχατον δὲ τῇ Ῥωμαίων ἐνδιατρίψας πόλει καὶ τὰς ἀφ' ὑμῶν ὡς αὐτοὺς ἀνακομισθείσας ἀνδριάντων ποικιλίας καταμαθών. οὐ γάρ, ὡς ἔθος ἐστὶ τοῖς πολλοῖς, ἀλλοτρίαις δόξαις τἀμαυτοῦ κρατύνειν πειρῶμαι, πάντων δὲ ὧν ἂν αὐτὸς ποιήσωμαι τὴν κατάληψιν, τούτων καὶ τὴν ἀναγραφὴν συντάσσειν βούλομαι. διόπερ χαίρειν εἰπὼν καὶ τῇ Ῥωμαίων μεγαλαυχίᾳ καὶ τῇ Ἀθηναίων ψυχρολογίᾳ *** δόγμασιν ἀσυναρτήτοις, τῆς καθ' ἡμᾶς βαρβάρου φιλοσοφίας ἀντεποιησάμην· ἥτις ὃν τρόπον ἐστὶ τῶν παρ' ὑμῖν ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἀρχαιοτέρα, γράφειν μὲν ἀρξάμενος, διὰ δὲ 35.2 τὸ κατεπεῖγον τῆς ἐξηγήσεως ὑπερθέμενος, νῦν ὅτε καιρὸς περὶ τῶν κατ' αὐτὴν δογμάτων λέγειν, *** πειράσομαι. μὴ γὰρ δυσχεράνητε τὴν ἡμετέραν παιδείαν μηδὲ φλυαρίας καὶ βωμολοχίας μεστὴν ἀντιλογίαν καθ' ἡμῶν πραγματεύσησθε λέγοντες· Τατιανὸς ὑπὲρ τοὺς Ἕλληνας ὑπέρ τε τὸ ἄπειρον τῶν φιλοσοφησάντων πλῆθος καινοτομεῖ τὰ βαρβάρων δόγματα. τί γὰρ χαλεπὸν ἀνθρώπους πεφηνότας ἀμαθεῖς ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπου νῦν ὁμοιοπαθοῦς συνελέγχεσθαι; τί δὲ καὶ ἄτοπον κατὰ τὸν οἰκεῖον ὑμῖν σοφιστὴν _γ_η_ρ_ά_σ_κ_ε_ι_ν_ _ἀ_ε_ὶ_ _π_ά_ν_τ_α_ _δ_ι_δ_α_σ_κ_ο_μ_έ_ν_ο_υ_ς; 36.1 Πλὴν Ὅμηρος ἔστω μὴ μόνον ὕστερος τῶν Ἰλιακῶν, ἀλλὰ κατ' ἐκεῖνον αὐτὸν ὑπειλήφθω τὸν τοῦ πολέμου καιρόν, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἀγαμέμνονα συνεστρατεῦσθαι. καί, εἰ βούλεταί τις, πρὶν καὶ τῶν στοιχείων γεγονέναι τὴν εὕρεσιν. φανήσεται γὰρ ὁ προειρημένος Μωυσῆς αὐτῆς μὲν τῆς Ἰλιακῆς ἁλώσεως πρεσβύτερος πάνυ πολλοῖς ἔτεσι, τῆς δὲ Ἰλίου κτίσεως καὶ τοῦ Τρωὸς καὶ ∆αρδάνου λίαν ἀρχαιότερος. ἀποδείξεως δὲ ἕνεκεν μάρτυσι χρήσομαι Χαλδαίοις Φοίνιξιν Αἰγυπτίοις. καὶ τί μοι λέγειν πλείονα; χρὴ γὰρ τὸν πείθειν ἐπαγγελλόμενον συντομωτέρας ποιεῖσθαι τὰς περὶ τῶν πραγμάτων πρὸς τοὺς ἀκούοντας διηγήσεις ἢ *** Βηρωσσὸς ἀνὴρ Βαβυλώνιος, ἱερεὺς τοῦ παρ' αὐτοῖς Βήλου, κατ' Ἀλέξανδρον 36.2 γεγονὼς Ἀντιόχῳ τῷ μετ' αὐτὸν τρίτῳ τὴν Χαλδαίων ἱστορίαν ἐν τρισὶ βιβλίοις κατατάξας καὶ τὰ περὶ τῶν βασιλέων ἐκθέμενος, ἀφηγεῖταί τινος αὐτῶν ὄνομα Ναβουχοδονόσορ, τοῦ στρατεύσαντος ἐπὶ Φοίνικας καὶ Ἰουδαίους· ἅτινα διὰ τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς προφητῶν ἴσμεν κεκηρυγμένα γεγονότα μὲν πολὺ τῆς Μωυσέως ἡλικίας κατώτερα, πρὸ δὲ τῆς Περσῶν ἡγεμονίας ἔτεσιν ἑβδομήκοντα. Βηρωσσὸς δέ ἐστιν ἀνὴρ ἱκανώτατος· καὶ τούτου τεκμήριον, Ἰόβας Περὶ Ἀσσυρίων γράφων παρὰ Βηρωσσοῦ φησι μεμαθηκέναι τὴν ἱστορίαν· εἰσὶ δὲ αὐτῷ βίβλοι Περὶ Ἀσσυρίων δύο. 37.1 Μετὰ δὲ τοὺς Χαλδαίους τὰ Φοινίκων οὕτως ἔχει. γεγόνασι παρ' αὐτοῖς ἄνδρες τρεῖς, Θεόδοτος Ὑψικράτης Μῶχος· τούτων τὰς βίβλους εἰς Ἑλληνίδα κατέταξεν φωνὴν Λαῖτος ὁ καὶ τοὺς βίους τῶν φιλοσόφων ἐπ' ἀκριβὲς πραγματευσάμενος. ἐν δὴ ταῖς τῶν προειρημένων ἱστορίαις δηλοῦται κατὰ τίνα τῶν βασιλέων Εὐρώπης ἁρπαγὴ γέγονεν Μενελάου τε εἰς τὴν Φοινίκην ἄφιξις καὶ τὰ περὶ Χείραμον, ὅστις Σολομῶνι τῷ Ἰουδαίων βασιλεῖ πρὸς γάμον δοὺς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ θυγατέρα καὶ ξύλων παντοδαπῶν ὕλην εἰς τὴν τοῦ ναοῦ κατασκευὴν ἐδωρήσατο. καὶ Μένανδρος δὲ ὁ Περγαμηνὸς περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν τὴν ἀναγραφὴν ἐποιήσατο. τοῦ δὲ Χειράμου ὁ χρόνος ἤδη που τοῖς Ἰλιακοῖς ἐγγίζει· Σολομὼν 37.2 δὲ ὁ κατὰ Χείραμον πολὺ κατώτερός