XVII.

Said Ioasaph unto Barlaam, "This story also fitly setteth forth mine own estate. Whence also me thinketh that you hadst me in mind when you spakest it. But what is the proof whereby you seekest to know the steadfastness of my purpose?"

Said the elder, "I have already proved you, and know how wise and steadfast is your purpose, and how truly upright is your heart. But the end of your fortune shall confirm it. For this cause I bow my knees unto our God glorified in Three Persons, the Maker of all things visible and invisible, who verily is, and is for ever, that never had beginning of his glorious being, nor has end, the terrible and almighty, the good and pitiful, that he may enlighten the eyes of your heart, and give you the spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him, that you mayest know what is the hope of his calling, and what the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the Saints, and what is the exceeding greatness of his power to us-ward who believe; that you mayest be no more a stranger and sojourner, but a fellow-citizen with the Saints, and of the household of God, being built upon the foundation of the Apostles and Prophets, Jesus Christ our Lord himself being the chief corner-stone, in whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord."

Ioasaph, keenly pricked at the heart, said, "All this I too long to learn: and I beseech you make known to me the riches of the glory of God, and the exceeding greatness of his power."

Barlaam said unto him, "I pray God to teach you this, and to plant in your soul the knowledge of the same; since with men it is impossible that his glory and power be told, yea, even if the tongues of all men that now are and have ever been were combined in one. For, as says the Evangelist and Divine, 'No man has seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he has declared him.' But the glory and majesty of the invisible and infinite God, what son of earth shall skill to comprehend it, save he to whom he himself shall reveal it, in so far as he will, as he has revealed it, to his Prophets and Apostles? But we learn it, so far as in us lies, by their teaching, and from the very nature of the world. For the Scripture says, 'The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament sheweth his handiwork;' and, 'The invisible things of him from the creation Of the world are clearly understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead.'

"Even as a man, beholding an house splendidly and skilfully builded, or a vessel fairly framed, takes note of the builder or workman and marvelleth thereat, even so I that was fashioned out of nothing and brought into being, though I cannot see the maker and provider, yet from his harmonious and marvellous fashioning of me have come to the knowledge of his wisdom, not to the full measure of that wisdom, but to the full compass of my powers; yea I have seen that I was not brought forth by chance, nor made of myself, but that he fashioned me, as it pleased him, and set me to have dominion over his creatures, howbeit making me lower than some; that, when I was broken, he re-created me with a better renewal; and that he shall draw me by his divine will from this world and place me in that other life that is endless and eternal; and that in nothing I could withstand the might of his providence, nor add anything to myself nor take anything away, whether in stature or bodily form, and that I am not able to renew for myself that which is waxen old, nor raise that which has been destroyed. For never was man able to accomplish aught of these things, neither king, nor wise man, nor rich man, nor ruler, nor any other that pursueth the tasks of men. For he says, 'There is no king, or mighty man, that had any other beginning of birth. For all men have one entrance into life, and the like going out.'

"So from mine own nature, I am led by the hand to the knowledge of the mighty working of the Creator; and at the same time I think upon the well-ordered structure and preservation of the whole creation, how that in itself it is subject everywhere to variableness and change, in the world of thought by choice, whether by advance in the good, or departure from it, in the world of sense by birth and decay, increase and decrease, and change in quality and motion in space. And thus all things proclaim, by voices that cannot be heard, that they were created, and are held together, and preserved, and ever watched over by the providence of the uncreate, unturning and unchanging God. Else how could diverse elements have met, for the consummation of a single world, one with another, and remained inseparable, unless some almighty power had knit them together, and still were keeping them from dissolution? 'For how could anything have endured, if it had not been his will? or been preserved, if not called by him?' as says the Scripture.

"A ship holdeth not together without a steersman, but easily foundereth; and a small house shall not stand without a protector. How then could the world have subsisted for long ages, a work so great, and so fair and wondrous,--without some glorious mighty and marvellous steersmanship and all-wise providence? Behold the heavens, how long they have stood, and have not been darkened: and the earth has not been exhausted, though she has been bearing offspring so long. The water-springs have not failed to gush out since they were made. The sea, that receiveth so many rivers, has not exceeded her measure. The courses of Sun and Moon have not varied: the order of day and night has not changed. From all these objects is declared unto us the unspeakable power and magnificence of God, witnessed by Prophets and Apostles. But no man can fitly conceive or sound forth his glory. For the holy Apostle, that had Christ speaking within him, after perceiving all objects of thought and sense, still said, 'We know in part, and we prophesy in part. But when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away.' Wherefore also, astonied at the infinite riches of his wisdom and knowledge, he cried for all to understand, 'O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out!'

"Now, if he, that attained unto the third heaven and heard such unspeakable words, uttered such sentences, what man of my sort shall have strength to look eye to eye upon the abysses of such mysteries, or speak rightly thereof, or think meetly of the things whereof we speak, unless the very giver of wisdom, and the amender of the unwise, vouchsafe that power? For in his hand are we and our words, and all prudence and knowledge of wisdom is with him. And he himself has given us the true understanding of the things that are; to know the structure of the world, the working of the elements, the beginning, end and middle of times, the changes of the solstices, the succession of seasons, and how he has ordered all things by measure and weight. For he can shew his great strength at all times, and who may withstand the power of his arm? For the whole world before him is as a little grain of the balance, yea, as a drop of the morning dew that falleth down upon the earth. But he has mercy upon all; for he can do all things, and winketh at the sins of men, because they should amend. For he abhorreth nothing, nor turneth away from them that run unto him, he, the only good Lord and lover of souls. Blessed be the holy name of his glory, praised and exalted above all for ever! Amen."

XVII

Εἶπε δὲ ὁ Ἰωάσαφ πρὸς τὸν Βαρλαάμ: Προσηκόντως καὶ αὕτη τὰ κατ' ἐμὲ παρίστησιν ἡ διήγησις: ὅθεν σοι καὶ περὶ ἐμοῦ ταῦτα λελέχθαι δοκῶ. ἀλλὰ τίς ἡ πεῖρα δι' ἧς γνῶναι ζητεῖς τὸ σταθερὸν τῆς ἐμῆς διανοίας; Καὶ ὁ γέρων ἔφη: Ἐγὼ μὲν καὶ πεπείρακα ἤδη καὶ ἔγνωκα ὁποίας ὑπάρχεις ἐχέφρονος καὶ σταθερᾶς διανοίας καὶ ψυχῆς τῷ ὄντι εὐθυτάτης. ἀλλὰ τὸ τέλος τῆς κατὰ σὲ πράξεως βεβαιώσει ταῦτα. τούτου χάριν κάμπτω τὰ γόνατά μου πρὸς τὸν ἐν Τριάδι δοξαζόμενον Θεὸν ἡμῶν, τὸν πάντων δημιουργὸν ὁρατῶν τε καὶ ἀοράτων, τὸν ὄντως ὄντα καὶ ἀεὶ ὄντα, μήτε ἀρχὴν ἐσχηκότα πώποτε τῆς ἐνδόξου ὑπάρξεως αὐτοῦ, μήτ' ἔχοντα τέλος, τὸν φοβερὸν καὶ παντοδύναμον, ἀγαθόν τε καὶ εὔσπλαγχνον, ἵνα φωτίσῃ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῆς καρδίας σου, καὶ δῴη σοι πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως ἐν ἐπιγνώσει αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ εἰδέναι σε τίς ἐστιν ἡ ἐλπὶς τῆς κλήσεως αὐτοῦ, καὶ τίς ὁ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξης τῆς κληρονομίας αὐτοῦ ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις, καὶ τί τὸ ὑπερβάλλον μέγεθος τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ εἰς ἡμᾶς τοὺς πιστεύοντας, ἵνα μηκέτι ξένος ἔσῃ καὶ πάροικος, ἀλλὰ συμπολίτης τῶν ἁγίων καὶ οἰκεῖος Θεοῦ, ἐπῳκοδομημένος ἐπὶ τῷ θεμελίῳ τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ προφητῶν, ὄντος ἀκρογωνιαίου αὐτοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐν ᾧ πᾶσα οἰκοδομὴ συναρμολογουμένη αὔξει εἰς ναὸν ἅγιον ἐν Κυρίῳ.

Ὁ δὲ Ἰωάσαφ, σφόδρα κατανυγεὶς τὴν καρδίαν, ἔφη: Ταῦτα δὴ πάντα κἀγὼ ποθῶν γνῶναι δέομαί σου: γνώρισόν μοι τόν τε πλοῦτον τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τὸ ὑπερβάλλον τῆς αὐτοῦ δυνάμεως.

Εἶπε δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Βαρλαάμ: Τῷ Θεῷ εὔχομαι διδάξαι σε ταῦτα, καὶ τὴν γνῶσιν τῶν τοιούτων ἐνθεῖναί σου τῇ ψυχῇ: ἐπεὶ παρὰ ἀνθρώποις τὴν αὐτοῦ λεχθῆναι δόξαν καὶ δύναμιν τὸ παράπαν ἀδύνατον, κἂν πᾶσαι αἱ τῶν νυνὶ καὶ τῶν πώποτε γενομένων ἀνθρώπων γλῶσσαι ἓν γένωνται. Θεὸν γάρ, φησὶν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς καὶ θεολόγος, οὐδεὶς ἑώρακε πώποτε: ὁ μονογενὴς Υἱός, ὁ ὢν εἰς τὸν κόλπον τοῦ Πατρός, ἐκεῖνος ἐξηγήσατο. τοῦ δὲ ἀοράτου καὶ ὑπεραπείρου τὴν δόξαν καὶ τὴν μεγαλωσύνην τίς ἰσχύσει γηγενῶν καταλαβέσθαι, εἰ μὴ ᾧ ἂν αὐτὸς ἀποκαλύψῃ καθ' ὅσον βούλεται, ὥσπερ τοῖς προφήταις αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀποστόλοις ἀπεκάλυψεν; ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐκ τοῦ κηρύγματος αὐτῶν καὶ ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς τῶν πραγμάτων φύσεως, κατὰ τὸ ἐγχωροῦν ἡμῖν μανθάνομεν. λέγει γὰρ ἡ Γραφή: Οἱ οὐρανοὶ διηγοῦνται δόξαν Θεοῦ, ποίησιν δὲ χειρῶν αὐτοῦ ἀναγγέλλει τὸ στερέωμα: καί, Τὰ ἀόρατα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου τοῖς ποιήμασι νοούμενα καθορᾶται, ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θεότης.

Καθάπερ γάρ τις, οἰκίαν ἰδὼν λαμπρῶς καὶ ἐντέχνως κατεσκευασμένην ἢ σκεῦος εὐφυῶς συνηρμοσμένον, τὸν οἰκοδόμον ἢ τέκτονα εὐθὺς ἂν ἐννοήσας θαυμάσειεν, οὕτω κἀγώ, ἐκ μὴ ὄντων διαπλασθεὶς καὶ εἰς τὸ ὂν παραχθείς, εἰ καὶ τὸν πλάστην καὶ παροχέα θεάσασθαι οὐ δεδύνημαι, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς εὐαρμόστου καὶ θαυμασιωτάτης μου κατασκευῆς εἰς γνῶσιν ἦλθον τῆς αὐτοῦ σοφίας, οὐ καθ' ὅ τί ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ καθὰ δεδύνημαι νοεῖν, ὅτι οὐκ αὐτομάτως παρήχθην, οὐδὲ ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ γεγένημαι, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ἔπλασέ με καθὼς ἠβουλήθη, πάντων μὲν προκατάρχειν τάξας τῶν κτισμάτων, τινῶν δὲ καὶ ἐλαττώσας, καὶ συντριβέντα πάλιν κρείττονι ἀνακαινίσει ἀναπλάσας, εἶτα καὶ ὑπεξάγων τῶν ἐντεῦθεν τῷ θείῳ αὐτοῦ προστάγματι καὶ πρὸς ἑτέραν μετατιθεὶς βιοτὴν ἀτελεύτητον καὶ αἰώνιον, ἐν οὐδενὶ τούτων δυναμένου μου ἀνθίστασθαι τῇ ἰσχύϊ τῆς αὐτοῦ προνοίας, μήτε τι προστιθέναι ἐμαυτῷ μήτε ὑφαιρεῖν, εἴτε καθ' ἡλικίαν εἴτε κατὰ τὸ τῆς μορφῆς εἶδος, μήτε τὰ πεπαλαιωμένα μοι ἀνακαινίζειν ἐξισχῦσαι, μήτε τὰ διεφθαρμένα ἐπανορθοῦν. οὐδεὶς γὰρ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τούτων τι ἴσχυσέ ποτε κατεργάσασθαι, οὔτε βασιλεύς, οὔτε σοφός, οὔτε πλούσιος, οὔτε δυνάστης, οὔτε τις ἄλλος ἀνθρώπινα μετερχόμενος ἐπιτηδεύματα: Οὐδεὶς γάρ, φησί, βασιλέων ἢ τῶν ἐν ὑπεροχαῖς ὄντων ἑτέραν ἔσχε γενέσεως ἀρχήν, μία δὲ πάντων εἴσοδος εἰς τὸν βίον, ἔξοδός τε ἴση.

Ἐκ τούτων οὖν τῶν περὶ ἐμὲ εἰς γνῶσιν τῆς τοῦ Δημιουργοῦ μεγαλουργίας χειραγωγοῦμαι: σὺν τούτοις δὲ καὶ τὴν εὐάρμοστον κατασκευὴν καὶ συντήρησιν τῆς κτίσεως ἁπάσης ἐννοῶν, ὅτι αὐτὰ μὲν καθ' ἑαυτὰ τροπῇ ὑπόκεινται πάντα καὶ ἀλλοιώσει, τὰ μὲν νοητὰ κατὰ προαίρεσιν, τήν τε ἐν τῷ καλῷ προκοπὴν καὶ τὴν ἐκ τοῦ καλοῦ ἀποφοίτησιν, τὰ δὲ αἰσθητὰ κατὰ γένεσιν καὶ φθοράν, αὔξησίν τε καὶ μείωσιν, καὶ τὴν κατὰ ποιότητα μεταβολὴν καὶ τοπικὴν κίνησιν, καὶ ἐκ τούτων κηρύττουσι φωναῖς ἀλαλήτοις ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀκτίστου καὶ ἀτρέπτου καὶ ἀναλλοιώτου γεγενῆσθαι Θεοῦ, συνέχεσθαί τε, καὶ συντηρεῖσθαι, καὶ ἀεὶ προνοεῖσθαι. πῶς γὰρ ἂν αἱ ἐναντίαι φύσεις εἰς ἑνὸς κόσμου συμπλήρωσιν ἀλλήλαις συνεληλύθεισαν καὶ ἀδιάλυτοι μεμενήκεισαν, εἰ μή τις παντοδύναμος δύναμις ταῦτα συνεβίβασε καὶ ἀεὶ συνετήρει ἀδιάλυτα; Πῶς γὰρ ἔμεινεν ἄν τι, εἰ μὴ αὐτὸς ἠθέλησεν; ἢ τὸ μὴ κληθὲν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ πῶς ἂν διετηρήθη; φησὶν ἡ Γραφή.

Εἰ γὰρ πλοῖον ἀκυβέρνητον οὐ συνίσταται, ἀλλ' εὐκόλως καταποντίζεται, καὶ οἰκία μικρὰ οὐκ ἂν στῇ χωρὶς τοῦ προνοοῦντος, πῶς ἂν ὁ κόσμος ἐπὶ τοσούτων χρόνων συνέστη, δημιούργημα οὕτω μὲν μέγα, οὕτω δὲ καλὸν καὶ θαυμαστόν, ἄνευ ἐνδόξου τινὸς καὶ μεγάλης καὶ θαυμαστῆς διακυβερνήσεως καὶ πανσόφου προνοίας; ἰδοὺ γὰρ ὁ οὐρανὸς πόσον ἔχει χρόνον, καὶ οὐκ ἠμαυρώθη: τῆς γῆς ἡ δύναμις οὐκ ἠτόνησε, τοσοῦτον τίκτουσα χρόνον: αἱ πηγαὶ οὐκ ἐπέλιπον ἀναβλύζειν ἐξ οὗ γεγόνασιν: ἡ θάλασσα, τοσούτους δεχομένη ποταμούς, οὐχ ὑπερέβη τὸ μέτρον: οἱ δρόμοι τοῦ ἡλίου καὶ τῆς σελήνης οὐκ ἠλλοίωνται: αἱ τάξεις τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ τῆς νυκτὸς οὐ μετετράπησαν. ἐκ τούτων πάντων ἡ ἄφατος τοῦ Θεοῦ δύναμις καὶ μεγαλοπρέπεια ἡμῖν ἐμφανίζεται, μαρτυρουμένη ὑπὸ προφητῶν καὶ ἀποστόλων: ἀλλ' οὐδεὶς κατ' ἀξίαν νοῆσαι ἢ εὐφημῆσαι τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ δυνήσεται. πάντα γὰρ τά τε νοητὰ καὶ ὅσα ὑπὸ τὴν αἴσθησιν ὁ θεῖος Ἀπόστολος, ὁ τὸν Χριστὸν ἔχων ἐν ἑαυτῷ λαλοῦντα, κατανοήσας εἶπεν: Ἐκ μέρους γινώσκομεν καὶ ἐκ μέρους προφητεύομεν: ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ τὸ τέλειον, τότε τὸ ἐκ μέρους καταργηθήσεται. διὸ καί, ἐκπληττόμενος τὸν ὑπεράπειρον πλοῦτον τῆς σοφίας αὐτοῦ καὶ γνώσεως, διαρρήδην ἔφησεν: Ὦ βάθους πλούτου, καὶ σοφίας, καὶ γνώσεως Θεοῦ: ὡς ἀνεξερεύνητα τὰ κρίματα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀνεξιχνίαστοι αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐτοῦ.

Εἰ δὲ ἐκεῖνος, ὁ μέχρι τρίτου φθάσας οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀρρήτων ἀκούσας ῥημάτων, τοιαύτας ἀφῆκε φωνάς, τίς τῶν κατ' ἐμὲ ὅλως ἀντοφθαλμῆσαι ταῖς ἀβύσσοις τῶν τοσούτων ἰσχύσειε μυστηρίων, καὶ εἰπεῖν τι κατὰ γνώμην, ἢ ἐνθυμηθῆναι ἀξίως τῶν λεγομένων δυνήσεται, εἰ μή τι αὐτὸς ὁ τῆς σοφίας χορηγός, ὁ τῶν ἀσόφων διορθωτὴς παράσχοι. ἐν γὰρ τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡμεῖς καὶ οἱ λόγοι ἡμῶν, πᾶσά τε φρόνησις καὶ σύνεσις παρ' αὐτῷ καὶ συνέσεως ἐπιστήμη: καὶ αὐτὸς ἡμῖν δέδωκε τὴν τῶν ὄντων γνῶσιν ἀψευδῆ, εἰδέναι σύστασιν κόσμου καὶ ἐνέργειαν στοιχείων, ἀρχήν τε καὶ τέλος καὶ μεσότητα χρόνων, τροπῶν διαλλαγὰς καὶ μεταβολὰς καιρῶν, καὶ ὅτι πάντα μέτρῳ καὶ σταθμῷ διέταξε. τὸ γὰρ μεγάλως ἰσχύειν αὐτῷ πάρεστι πάντοτε, καὶ κράτει βραχίονος αὐτοῦ τίς ἀντιστήσεται; ὅτι ὡς ῥοπὴ ἐκ πλαστίγγων ὅλος ὁ κόσμος ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὡς ῥανὶς δρόσου ὀρθρινῆς κατελθοῦσα ἐπὶ γῆς: ἐλεεῖ δὲ πάντας, ὅτι πάντα δύναται, καὶ παρορᾷ ἁμαρτήματα ἀνθρώπων εἰς μετάνοιαν: οὐδὲν γὰρ βδελύσσεται, οὐδὲ ἀποστρέφεται τῶν προστρεχόντων αὐτῷ, ὁ μόνος ἀγαθὸς καὶ φιλόψυχος δεσπότης: εὐλογημένον εἴη τὸ ὄνομα τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ τὸ ἅγιον καὶ ὑπερύμνητον καὶ ὑπερυψούμενον εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.