Homily I.

 1. It is right that any one beginning to narrate the formation of the world should begin with the good order which reigns in visible things. I am abou

 2. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” I stop struck with admiration at this thought. What shall I first say? Where shall I begin

 3. Do not then imagine, O man! that the visible world is without a beginning and because the celestial bodies move in a circular course, and it is di

 4. One day, doubtless, their terrible condemnation will be the greater for all this worldly wisdom, since, seeing so clearly into vain sciences, they

 5. It appears, indeed, that even before this world an order of things existed of which our mind can form an idea, but of which we can say nothing, bec

 6. Such being the different senses of the word beginning, see if we have not all the meanings here. You may know the epoch when the formation of this

 7. Among arts, some have in view production, some practice, others theory. The object of the last is the exercise of thought, that of the second, the

 8. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” If we were to wish to discover the essence of each of the beings which are offered for our

 9. Do you suppose that a heavier body prevents the earth from falling into the abyss? Then you must consider that this support needs itself a support

 10. There are inquirers into nature who with a great display of words give reasons for the immobility of the earth. Placed, they say, in the middle of

 11. We might say the same thing of the heavens. With what a noise of words the sages of this world have discussed their nature! Some have said that he

 Homily II.

 1. In the few words which have occupied us this morning we have found such a depth of thought that we despair of penetrating further. If such is the f

 2. But the corrupters of the truth, who, incapable of submitting their reason to Holy Scripture, distort at will the meaning of the Holy Scriptures, p

 3. God created the heavens and the earth, but not only half —He created all the heavens and all the earth, creating the essence with the form. For He

 4. “Darkness was upon the face of the deep.” A new source for fables and most impious imaginations if one distorts the sense of these words at the wil

 5. Do not then go beyond yourself to seek for evil, and imagine that there is an original nature of wickedness. Each of us, let us acknowledge it, is

 6.  And the Spirit of God was borne upon the face of the waters  .

 7.  And God said, Let there be light  .

 8. “  And God called the light Day and the darkness he called Night  .”

 Homily III.

 1. We have now recounted the works of the first day, or rather of one day. Far be it from me indeed, to take from it the privilege it enjoys of having

 2. And God said “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” Yesterday we heard God’s decree,

 3. In the second place, does the firmament that is called heaven differ from the firmament that God made in the beginning? Are there two heavens? The

 4. “  And God said, let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God made the firmament, and

 5. But let us continue our explanation: “  Let it divide the waters from the waters  .”

 6. Survey creation you will see the power of heat reigning over all that is born and perishes. On account of it comes all the water spread over the e

 7. Therefore we read: “  Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters  .” I have said what the wo

 8. “  And God called the firmament heaven  .”

 9. But as far as concerns the separation of the waters I am obliged to contest the opinion of certain writers in the Church who, under the shadow of h

 10. “  And God saw that it was good  .” God does not judge of the beauty of His work by the charm of the eyes, and He does not form the same idea of b

 Homily IV.

 1. There are towns where the inhabitants, from dawn to eve, feast their eyes on the tricks of innumerable conjurors. They are never tired of hearing d

 2. “  And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear, and it was so  .” And the water

 3. “Let the waters be gathered together.” It was ordered that it should be the natural property of water to flow, and in obedience to this order, the

 4. To say that the waters were gathered in one place indicates that previously they were scattered in many places. The mountains, intersected by deep

 5. And God said: “  Let the waters be gathered together unto one place and let the dry land appear  .” He did not say let the earth appear, so as not

 6. “  And God saw that it was good  .”

 7. Thus, in the eyes of God, the sea is good, because it makes the under current of moisture in the depths of the earth. It is good again, because fro

 Homily V.

 1. “  And God said Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth grass yielding seed after his kind  .” So that although some kind of grass is of service to animals, even their gain i

 3. Up to this point, the order in which plants shoot bears witness to their first arrangement. Every herb, every plant proceeds from a germ. If, like

 4. What shall I say? What shall I leave unsaid? In the rich treasures of creation it is difficult to select what is most precious the loss of what is

 5. “  Let the earth bring forth grass  .” What spontaneous provision is included in these words,—that which is present in the root, in the plant itsel

 6. “  Let the earth  ,” the Creator adds, “  bring forth the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 7. But let us return to the examination of the ingenious contrivances of creation. How many trees then arose, some to give us their fruits, others to

 8. Plants reproduce themselves in so many different ways, that we can only touch upon the chief among them. As to fruits themselves, who could review

 9. But what need is there to continue, when in the same fig tree we have the most opposite flavours, as bitter in the sap as it is sweet in the fruit?

 10. “  Let the earth bring forth  .” This short command was in a moment a vast nature, an elaborate system. Swifter than thought it produced the count

 Homily VI.

 1. At the shows in the circus the spectator must join in the efforts of the athletes. This the laws of the show indicate, for they prescribe that all

 2. “  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to divide the day from the night  .”

 3. And let no one suppose it to be a thing incredible that the brightness of the light is one thing, and the body which is its material vehicle is ano

 4. “  And let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years  .”

 5. But those who overstep the borders, making the words of Scripture their apology for the art of casting nativities, pretend that our lives depend up

 6. But what effects are produced? Such an one will have curly hair and bright eyes, because he is born under the Ram such is the appearance of a ram.

 7. They do not, however, stop here even our acts, where each one feels his will ruling, I mean, the practice of virtue or of vice, depend, according

 8. Let us return to the words which follow. “Let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years.” We have spoken about signs. By times, we u

 9. “  And God made two great lights  .”

 10. See again another evident proof of its greatness. Although the heaven may be full of stars without number, the light contributed by them all could

 11. On its variations depends also the condition of the air, as is proved by sudden disturbances which often come after the new moon, in the midst of

 Homily VII.

 1. “  And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life  ” after their kind, “  and fowl that may fly above the e

 2. “Let the waters bring forth moving creatures after their kind.” God caused to be born the firstlings of each species to serve as seeds for nature.

 3. The food of fish differs according to their species. Some feed on mud others eat sea weed others content themselves with the herbs that grow in w

 4. It is not thus with us. Why? Because we incessantly move the ancient landmarks which our fathers have set. We encroach, we add house to house, fiel

 5. I myself have seen these marvels, and I have admired the wisdom of God in all things. If beings deprived of reason are capable of thinking and of p

 6. Let husbands listen as well: here is a lesson for them. The viper vomits forth its venom in respect for marriage and you, will you not put aside t

 Homily VIII.

 1. And God said “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping things, and beast of the earth after his kind an

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth a living soul  .” Why did the earth produce a living soul? so that you may make a difference between the soul of cattl

 3. There are also innumerable kinds of birds. If we review them all, as we have partly done the fish, we shall find that under one name, the creatures

 4. What a variety, I have said, in the actions and lives of flying creatures. Some of these unreasoning creatures even have a government, if the featu

 5. How shall we make an exact review of all the peculiarities of the life of birds? During the night cranes keep watch in turn some sleep, others mak

 6. It is said that the turtle-dove, once separated from her mate, does not contract a new union, but remains in widowhood, in remembrance of her first

 7. “  Let the waters bring forth the moving creatures that have life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven  .” They r

 8. If we simply read the words of Scripture we find only a few short syllables. “Let the waters bring forth fowl that may fly above the earth in the o

 Homily IX.

 1. How did you like the fare of my morning’s discourse? It seemed to me that I had the good intentions of a poor giver of a feast, who, ambitious of h

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .”

 3. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .” Thus when the soul of brutes appeared it was not concealed in the earth, but it was born by th

 4. Virtues exist in us also by nature, and the soul has affinity with them not by education, but by nature herself. We do not need lessons to hate ill

 5. But let us return to the spectacle of creation. The easiest animals to catch are the most productive. It is on account of this that hares and wild

 6. Beasts bear witness to the faith. Hast thou confidence in the Lord? “Thou shalt walk upon the asp and the basilisk and thou shalt trample under fee

5. And God said: “  Let the waters be gathered together unto one place and let the dry land appear .” He did not say let the earth appear, so as not to show itself again without form, mud-like, and in combination with the water, nor yet endued with proper form and virtue. At the same time, lest we should attribute the drying of the earth to the sun, the Creator shows it to us dried before the creation of the sun. Let us follow the thought Scripture gives us. Not only the water which was covering the earth flowed off from it, but all that which had filtered into its depths withdrew in obedience to the irresistible order of the sovereign Master. And it was so. This is quite enough to show that the Creator’s voice had effect: however, in several editions, there is added “And the water which was under the heavens gathered itself unto one place and the dry land was seen;” words that other interpreters have not given, and which do not appear conformable to Hebrew usage. In fact, after the assertion, “and it was so,” it is superfluous to repeat exactly the same thing. In accurate copies these words are marked with an obelus,  13  The obelus (†) is used by Jerome to mark superfluous matter in the lxx. cf. Jer. p. 494, in Canon Fremantle’s Translation. The addition in question appears neither in the Vulgate, nor in Aquila, or Symmachus, or Theodotion. Ambrose, however, in Hexæm. iii. 5 approves of it. which is the sign of rejection.

“  And God called the dry land earth; and the gathering together of the waters called He seas .”  14  Gen. i. 10. Why does Scripture say above that the waters were gathered together unto one place, and that the dry earth appeared? Why does it add here the dry land appeared, and God gave it the name of earth? It is that dryness is the property which appears to characterize the nature of the subject, whilst the word earth is only its simple name. Just as reason is the distinctive faculty of man, and the word man serves to designate the being gifted with this faculty, so dryness is the special and peculiar quality of the earth. The element essentially dry receives therefore the name of earth, as the animal who has a neigh for a characteristic cry is called a horse. The other elements, like the earth, have received some peculiar property which distinguishes them from the rest, and makes them known for what they are. Thus water has cold for its distinguishing property; air, moisture; fire, heat. But this theory really applies only to the primitive elements of the world. The elements which contribute to the formation of bodies, and come under our senses, show us these qualities in combination, and in the whole of nature our eyes and senses can find nothing which is completely singular, simple and pure. Earth is at the same time dry and cold; water, cold and moist; air, moist and warm; fire, warm and dry. It is by the combination of their qualities that the different elements can mingle. Thanks to a common quality each of them mixes with a neighbouring element, and this natural alliance attaches it to the contrary element. For example, earth, which is at the same time dry and cold, finds in cold a relationship which unites it to water, and by the means of water unites itself to air. Water placed between the two, appears to give each a hand, and, on account of its double quality, allies itself to earth by cold and to air by moisture. Air, in its turn, takes the middle place and plays the part of a mediator between the inimical natures of water and fire, united to the first by moisture, and to the second by heat. Finally fire, of a nature at the same time warm and dry, is linked to air by warmth, and by its dryness reunites itself to the earth. And from this accord and from this mutual mixture of elements, results a circle and an harmonious choir whence each of the elements deserves its name. I have said this in order to explain why God has given to the dry land the name of earth, without however calling the earth dry. It is because dryness is not one of those qualities which the earth acquired afterwards, but one of those which constituted its essence from the beginning. Now that which causes a body to exist, is naturally antecedent to its posterior qualities and has a pre-eminence over them. It is then with reason that God chose the most ancient characteristic of the earth whereby to designate it.

13 The obelus (†) is used by Jerome to mark superfluous matter in the lxx. cf. Jer. p. 494, in Canon Fremantle’s Translation. The addition in question appears neither in the Vulgate, nor in Aquila, or Symmachus, or Theodotion. Ambrose, however, in Hexæm. iii. 5 approves of it.
14 Gen. i. 10.

Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, συναχθήτω τὰ ὕδατα εἰς συναγωγὴν μίαν, καὶ ὀφθήτω ἡ ξηρά. Οὐκ εἶπε, καὶ ὀφθήτω ἡ γῆ, ἵνα μὴ πάλιν αὐτὴν ἀκατάσκευον ἐπιδείξῃ, πηλώδη οὖσαν, καὶ ἀναμεμιγμένην τῷ ὕδατι, οὔπω τὴν οἰκείαν ἀπολαβοῦσαν μορφὴν οὐδὲ δύναμιν. Ὁμοῦ δὲ, ἵνα μὴ τῷ ἡλίῳ τὴν τοῦ ἀναξηραίνειν τὴν γῆν αἰτίαν προσθῶμεν, πρεσβυτέραν τῆς τοῦ ἡλίου γενέσεως τὴν ξηρότητα τῆς γῆς ὁ δημιουργὸς παρεσκεύασεν. Ἐπίστησον δὲ τῇ ἐννοίᾳ τῶν γεγραμμένων, ὅτι οὐ μόνον τὸ πλεονάζον ὕδωρ ἀπερρύη τῆς γῆς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅσον ἀνεμέμικτο αὐτῇ διὰ βάθους, καὶ τοῦτο ὑπεξῆλθε τῷ ἀπαραιτήτῳ προστάγματι τοῦ Δεσπότου πεισθέν. Καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως. Ἀρκοῦσα αὕτη ἡ ἐπαγωγὴ πρὸς τὸ δεῖξαι εἰς ἔργον ἐλθοῦσαν τοῦ δημιουργοῦ τὴν φωνήν. Πρόσκειται δὲ ἐν πολλοῖς τῶν ἀντιγράφων, Καὶ συνήχθη τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ὑποκάτω τοῦ οὐρανοῦ εἰς τὰς συναγωγὰς αὐτῶν, καὶ ὤφθη ἡ ξηρά: ἅπερ οὔτε τινὲς τῶν λοιπῶν ἐκδεδώκασιν ἑρμηνέων, οὔτε ἡ χρῆσις τῶν Ἑβραίων ἔχουσα φαίνεται. Καὶ γὰρ τῷ ὄντι παρέλκει μετὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν τοῦ, ὅτι Ἐγένετο οὕτως, ἡ τῶν αὐτῶν πάλιν ἐπεκδιήγησις. Τὰ τοίνυν ἀκριβῆ τῶν ἀντιγράφων ὠβέλισται: ὁ δὲ ὀβελὸς, ἀθετήσεως σύμβολον. Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν ξηρὰν, γῆν, καὶ τὰ συστήματα τῶν ὑδάτων ἐκάλεσε θαλάσσας. Διὰ τί καὶ ἐν τοῖς κατόπιν εἴρηται, Συναχθήτω τὰ ὕδατα εἰς συναγωγὴν μίαν, καὶ ὀφθήτω ἡ ξηρὰ, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ γέγραπται, καὶ ὀφθήτω ἡ γῆ; καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν, Ὤφθη ξηρὰ, καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν ξηρὰν, γῆν; Ὅτι ἡ μὲν ξηρὰ τὸ ἰδίωμά ἐστι, τὸ οἱονεὶ χαρακτηριστικὸν τῆς φύσεως τοῦ ὑποκειμένου, ἡ δὲ γῆ προσηγορία τίς ἐστι ψιλὴ τοῦ πράγματος. Ὡς γὰρ τὸ λογικὸν ἴδιόν ἐστι τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ἡ δὲ ἄνθρωπος φωνὴ σημαντική ἐστι τοῦ ζῴου ᾧ ὑπάρχει τὸ ἴδιον: οὕτω καὶ τὸ ξηρὸν ἴδιόν ἐστι τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐξαίρετον. Ὧ| τοίνυν ἰδίως ὑπάρχει τὸ ξηρὸν, τοῦτο ἐπικέκληται γῆ: ὥσπερ ᾧ ἰδίως πρόσεστι τὸ χρεμετιστικὸν, τοῦτο ἐπικέκληται ἵππος. Οὐ μόνον δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἔστι τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων στοιχείων ἕκαστον ἰδιάζουσαν καὶ ἀποκεκληρωμένην ἔχει ποιότητα, δι' ἧς τῶν τε λοιπῶν ἀποκρίνεται, καὶ αὐτὸ ἕκαστον ὁποῖόν ἐστιν ἐπιγινώσκεται. Τὸ μὲν ὕδωρ ἰδίαν ποιότητα τὴν ψυχρότητα ἔχει: ὁ δὲ ἀὴρ τὴν ὑγρότητα: τὸ δὲ πῦρ τὴν θερμότητα. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν, ὡς πρῶτα στοιχεῖα τῶν συνθέτων κατὰ τὸν εἰρημένον τρόπον τῷ λογισμῷ θεωρεῖται, τὰ δὲ ἤδη ἐν σώματι κατατεταγμένα καὶ ὑποπίπτοντα τῇ αἰσθήσει, συνεζευγμένας ἔχει τὰς ποιότητας. Καὶ οὐδὲν ἀπολελυμένως ἐστὶ μοναχὸν οὐδὲ ἁπλοῦν καὶ εἰλικρινὲς τῶν ὁρωμένων καὶ αἰσθητῶν: ἀλλ' ἡ μὲν γῆ ξηρὰ καὶ ψυχρὰ, τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ ὑγρὸν καὶ ψυχρὸν, ὁ δὲ ἀὴρ θερμὸς καὶ ὑγρὸς, τὸ δὲ πῦρ θερμὸν καὶ ξηρόν, Οὕτω γὰρ, διὰ τῆς συζύγου ποιότητος, ἡ δύναμις προέρχεται τοῦ ἀναμιχθῆναι ἑκάστῳ πρὸς ἕκαστον: τῷ τε γὰρ γείτονι στοιχείῳ διὰ τῆς κοινῆς ποιότητος ἕκαστον ἀνακίρναται, καὶ διὰ τῆς πρὸς τὸ σύνεγγυς κοινωνίας τῷ ἀντικειμένῳ συνάπτεται. Οἷον, ἡ γῆ, ξηρὰ οὖσα καὶ ψυχρὰ, ἑνοῦται μὲν τῷ ὕδατι κατὰ τὴν συγγένειαν τῆς ψυχρότητος, ἑνοῦται δὲ διὰ τοῦ ὕδατος τῷ ἀέρι: ἐπειδὴ μέσον ἀμφοτέρων τεταγμένον τὸ ὕδωρ, οἱονεὶ χειρῶν δύο ἐπιβολῇ ἑκατέρᾳ ποιότητι τῶν παρακειμένων ἐφάπτεται, τῇ μὲν ψυχρότητι τῆς γῆς, τῇ ὑγρότητι δὲ τοῦ ἀέρος. Πάλιν ὁ ἀὴρ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ μεσιτείᾳ διαλλακτὴς γίνεται τῆς μαχομένης φύσεως ὕδατος καὶ πυρὸς, τῷ ὕδατι μὲν διὰ τῆς ὑγρότητος, τῷ πυρὶ δὲ διὰ τοῦ θερμοῦ συμπλεκόμενος. Τὸ δὲ πῦρ θερμὸν καὶ ξηρὸν ὑπάρχον τὴν φύσιν, τῷ μὲν θερμῷ πρὸς τὸν ἀέρα συνδεῖται, τῷ ξηρῷ δὲ πάλιν πρὸς τὴν κοινωνίαν τῆς γῆς ἐπανέρχεται. Καὶ οὕτω γίνεται κύκλος καὶ χορὸς ἐναρμόνιος, συμφωνούντων πάντων καὶ συστοιχούντων ἀλλήλοις. Ὅθεν κυρίως αὐτοῖς καὶ ἡ προσηγορία τῶν στοιχείων ἐφήρμοσται. Ταῦτά μοι εἴρηται παριστῶντι τὴν αἰτίαν δι' ἣν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν ξηρὰν ἐκάλεσε γῆν, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ τὴν γῆν προσεῖπε ξηράν. Διότι τὸ ξηρὸν οὐχὶ τῶν ὕστερον προσγινομένων ἐστὶ τῇ γῇ, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἐξ ἀρχῆς συμπληρούντων αὐτῆς τὴν οὐσίαν. Τὰ δὲ αὐτὴν τοῦ εἶναι αἰτίαν παρέχοντα, πρότερα τῇ φύσει τῶν μετὰ ταῦτα προσγινομένων καὶ προτιμότερα. Ὥστε εἰκότως ἐκ τῶν προϋπαρχόντων καὶ πρεσβυτέρων ἐπενοήθη τῇ γῇ τὰ γνωρίσματα.