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of regeneration all those who approach the truth and are born again and receive a blessing from God. But also the sea monsters and the carnivorous birds are in the likeness of the greedy and transgressors. For just as the creatures of the water and the birds, being of one nature, some indeed remain in what is according to nature, not wronging those weaker than themselves, but keep the law of God and eat from the seeds of the earth, while some of them transgress the law of God, being carnivorous, and wrong those weaker than themselves, so also the righteous, keeping the law of God, bite or wrong no one, living holily and justly, but the rapacious and murderers and atheists are like sea monsters and beasts and carnivorous birds; for by force they devour those weaker than themselves. The offspring, therefore, of the creatures of the water and of the reptiles, having partaken of the blessing of God, possesses nothing very special of its own. And on the sixth day, God, having made the four-footed animals and the beasts and the land-reptiles, passes over in silence the blessing for them, reserving the blessing for man, whom he was about to make on the sixth day. At the same time both the four-footed animals and the beasts also became a type of certain men who are ignorant of God and are impious and who mind earthly things and do not repent. For those who turn from their lawless deeds and live righteously fly up with their soul like birds, minding the things above and being well-pleasing to the will of God. But those who are ignorant of God and are impious are like birds that have wings, but are not able to fly up and run to the heights of the divinity. So also such people are called men, but they mind groveling and earthly things, being weighed down by their sins. The animals are called beasts from being hunted, not as having been created evil from the beginning or venomous, for nothing evil was made by God from the beginning but all things were good, and very good, but the sin concerning man made them evil; for when man transgressed, they also transgressed with him. For just as if the master of a house himself does well, necessarily the servants also live in an orderly manner, but if the master sins, the slaves also sin with him, in the same way it happened that when man, who was lord, sinned, the subject creatures also sinned with him. Therefore, whenever man again returns to what is according to nature, no longer doing evil, those also will be restored to their original tameness. And as for the things concerning the creation of man, his creation is inexpressible to man, although the divine scripture has a brief declaration concerning him. For in God's saying, "Let us make man according to our image and likeness," He first reveals the dignity of man. For God, having made all things by a word and having considered all things as secondary works, considers only the creation of man worthy of the work of His own hands. Moreover, God is also found saying as if in need of assistance: "Let us make man according to image and likeness." But He has not said to any other: "Let us make-

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παλιγγενεσίας πάντας τοὺς προσιόντας τῇ ἀληθείᾳ καὶ ἀνα- γεννωμένους καὶ λαμβάνοντας εὐλογίαν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ κήτη καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τὰ σαρκοβόρα ἐν ὁμοιώματι τυγχάνει τῶν πλεονεκτῶν καὶ παραβατῶν. ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκ μιᾶς φύσεως ὄντα τὰ ἔνυδρα καὶ τὰ πετεινά, ἔνια μὲν μένει ἐν τῷ κατὰ φύσιν μὴ ἀδικοῦντα τὰ ἑαυτῶν ἀσθενέστερα, ἀλλὰ τηρεῖ νόμον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν σπερμάτων τῆς γῆς ἐσθίει, ἔνια δὲ ἐξ αὐτῶν παραβαίνει τὸν νόμον τοῦ θεοῦ σαρκοβοροῦντα, καὶ ἀδικεῖ τὰ ἑαυτῶν ἀσθενέστερα, οὕτως καὶ οἱ δίκαιοι φυλάσσοντες τὸν νόμον τοῦ θεοῦ οὐδένα δάκνουσιν ἢ ἀδικοῦσιν, ὁσίως καὶ δικαίως ζῶντες, οἱ δὲ ἅρπαγες καὶ φονεῖς καὶ ἄθεοι ἐοίκασιν κήτεσιν καὶ θηρίοις καὶ πετεινοῖς τοῖς σαρκοβόροις· δυνάμει γὰρ καταπίνουσιν τοὺς ἀσθενεστέρους ἑαυτῶν. Ἡ μὲν οὖν τῶν ἐνύδρων καὶ ἑρπετῶν γονή, μετεσχηκυῖα τῆς εὐλογίας τοῦ θεοῦ, οὐδὲν ἴδιον πάνυ κέκτηται. Ἕκτῃ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ ὁ θεὸς ποιήσας τὰ τετράποδα καὶ τὰ θηρία καὶ ἑρπετὰ τὰ χερσαῖα τὴν πρὸς αὐτὰ εὐλογίαν παρασιωπᾷ, τηρῶν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τὴν εὐλογίαν, ὃν ἤμελλεν ἐν τῇ ἕκτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ποιεῖν. Ἅμα καὶ εἰς τύπον ἐγένοντο τά τε τετράποδα καὶ θηρία ἐνίων ἀνθρώπων τῶν τὸν θεὸν ἀγνοούντων καὶ ἀσεβούντων καὶ τὰ ἐπί- γεια φρονούντων καὶ μὴ μετανοούντων. οἱ γὰρ ἐπιστρέφοντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνομιῶν καὶ δικαίως ζῶντες ὥσπερ πετεινὰ ἀνίπτανται τῇ ψυχῇ, τὰ ἄνω φρονοῦντες καὶ εὐαρεστοῦντες τῷ θελήματι τοῦ θεοῦ. οἱ δὲ τὸν θεὸν ἀγνοοῦντες καὶ ἀσεβοῦντες ὅμοιοί εἰσιν ὀρνέοις τὰ πτερὰ μὲν ἔχουσιν, μὴ δυναμένοις δὲ ἀνίπτασθαι καὶ τὰ ἄνω τρέχειν τῆς θειότητος. οὕτως καὶ οἱ τοιοῦτοι ἄνθρωποι μὲν λέγονται, τὰ δὲ χαμαιφερῆ καὶ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦσιν, καταβαρούμενοι ὑπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν. Θηρία δὲ ὠνόμασται τὰ ζῶα ἀπὸ τοῦ θηρεύεσθαι, οὐχ ὡς κακὰ ἀρχῆθεν γεγενημένα ἢ ἰοβόλα, οὐ γάρ τι κακὸν ἀρχῆθεν γέγονεν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἀλλὰ τὰ πάντα καλὰ καὶ καλὰ λίαν, ἡ δὲ ἁμαρτία ἡ περὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον κεκάκωκεν αὐτά· τοῦ γὰρ ἀνθρώπου παραβάντος καὶ αὐτὰ συμπαρέβη. ὥσπερ γὰρ δεσπότης οἰκίας ἐὰν αὐτὸς εὖ πράσσῃ, ἀναγκαίως καὶ οἱ οἰκέται εὐτάκτως ζῶσιν, ἐὰν δὲ ὁ κύριος ἁμαρτάνῃ, καὶ οἱ δοῦλοι συναμαρτάνουσιν, τῷ αὐτῷ τρόπῳ γέγονεν καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον κύριον ὄντα ἁμαρτῆσαι, καὶ τὰ δοῦλα συνήμαρτεν. ὁπόταν οὖν πάλιν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἀναδράμῃ εἰς τὸ κατὰ φύσιν μηκέτι κακοποιῶν, κἀκεῖνα ἀποκατασταθήσεται εἰς τὴν ἀρχῆθεν ἡμερότητα. Τὰ δὲ περὶ τῆς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ποιήσεως, ἀνέκφραστός ἐστιν ὡς πρὸς ἄνθρωπον ἡ κατ' αὐτὸν δημιουργία, καίπερ σύντομον ἔχει ἡ θεία γραφὴ τὴν κατ' αὐτὸν ἐκφώνησιν. ἐν τῷ γὰρ εἰπεῖν τὸν θεόν· "Ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα καὶ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν τὴν ἡμετέραν", πρῶτον μηνύει τὸ ἀξίωμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. πάντα γὰρ λόγῳ ποιήσας ὁ θεὸς καὶ τὰ πάντα πάρεργα ἡγησάμενος μόνον ἰδίων ἔργον χειρῶν ἄξιον ἡγεῖται τὴν ποίησιν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. ἔτι μὴν καὶ ὡς βοηθείας χρῄζων ὁ θεὸς εὑρίσκεται λέγων· "Ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα καὶ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν." οὐκ ἄλλῳ δέ τινι εἴρηκεν· "Ποιήσω-