has reasonably ascribed the property to the Seraphim, after God. It is not at all strange, therefore, if the Seraph is said to purify the theologian. For just as God purifies all things by being the cause of all purification, or rather (for I will use a similar example), just as our hierarch, purifying or illuminating through his ministers or priests, is himself said to purify and illuminate, since the orders consecrated by him ascribe their own sacred operations to him, so also the angel who performs the purification of the theologian ascribes his own purifying knowledge and power to God as cause, and to the Seraph as the primary hierarch, as one might say with angelic reverence, teaching the one purified by him that, "Of the purification performed on you by me, the principle indeed is the transcendent essence and creator and cause who has brought forth even the first essences into being, and by their establishment around Himself holds and preserves them unchangeable and unfallen, and moves them to the first participations of their own providential energies (for he who taught me these things said this signifies the mission of the Seraph), but the hierarch and leader after God is the order of the first essences, from whom I was initiated in a Godlike manner into purifying. This one, therefore, is the one who purifies you through me, through whom the cause and creator of all purification brought forth His own providential energies from concealment even to us." These things he taught me, and I impart them to you. It would be for your intellectual and discerning knowledge either to be freed from the difficulty by one of the aforesaid reasons, and to honor this one before the other as being probable and reasonable and perhaps having the truth, or to find for yourself something more akin to the truly real, or to learn it from another—with God, that is, giving the word and angels acting as intermediaries—and to reveal to us who love angels a clearer theory, if it be possible, and one more beloved to me. <ΧIV.> And this too, I think, is worthy of intellectual attention, that the tradition of the oracles concerning the angels says they are "a thousand thousands" and "ten thousand times ten thousand," recycling and multiplying among themselves our highest numbers, and by these things clearly showing the to-us-innumerable arrangements of the heavenly essences. For many are the blessed armies of the supracelestial minds, having surpassed the weak and limited proportion of our material numbers, and being defined knowledgeably by their own supracelestial and heavenly intelligence and knowledge alone, which is granted to them with all blessedness by the divinely-ruling, infinitely-knowing, wisdom-making power which is the super-essential principle of all beings together and the substance-making cause and cohesive power and all-embracing consummation. <ΧV.> <1> Come now, then, if you please, resting our intellectual eye from the angel-befitting intensity of the unified and lofty contemplations, having descended to the divisible and manifold breadth of the multiform variety of the angelic formations, let us return analytically again from them as from images to the simplicity of the heavenly minds. But let it be for you

ἰδιότητα τοῖς Σεραφὶμ εἰκότως μετὰ θεὸν ἀνατέθεικεν. Oὐδὲν οὖν ἄτοπον, εἰ καθαίρειν λέγεται τὸν θεολόγον ὁ Σεραφίμ. Ὡς γὰρ ὁ θεὸς καθαίρει πάντας τῷ πάσης καθάρσεως εἶναι αἰτία, μᾶλλον δὲ (παραπλησίῳ γὰρ χρήσομαι παραδείγματι) καθάπερ ὁ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἱεράρχης διὰ τῶν αὐτοῦ λειτουργῶν ἢ ἱερέων καθαίρων ἢ φωτίζων αὐτὸς λέγεται καθαίρειν καὶ φωτίζειν τῶν δι' αὐτοῦ καθιερωμένων τάξεων ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἀνατιθεισῶν τὰς οἰκείας ἱερὰς ἐνεργείας, οὕτω καὶ τὴν οἰκείαν καθαρτικὴν ἐπιστήμην καὶ δύναμιν ὁ τὴν κάθαρσιν τοῦ θεολόγου τελετουργῶν ἄγγελος ἐπὶ θεὸν μὲν ὡς αἴτιον, ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν Σεραφὶμ ὡς πρωτουργὸν ἱεράρχην ἀνατίθησιν, ὡς ἄν τις φαίη μετ' εὐλαβείας ἀγγελικῆς, τὸν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ καθαιρόμενον ἐκδιδάσκων ὅτι «τῆς εἰς σὲ πρὸς ἐμοῦ τελετουργουμένης καθάρσεως ἀρχὴ μέν ἐστιν ἐξῃρημένη καὶ οὐσία καὶ δημιουργὸς καὶ αἴτιος ὁ καὶ τὰς πρώτας οὐσίας καὶ πρὸς τὸ εἶναι παραγαγὼν καὶ τῇ περὶ αὐτὸν ἱδρύσει συνέχων καὶ διατηρῶν ἀτρέπτους τε καὶ ἀμεταπτώτους καὶ αὐτὰς κινῶν ἐπὶ τὰς πρώτας τῶν οἰκείων προνοητικῶν ἐνεργειῶν μετουσίας (τοῦτο γὰρ ὁ ταῦτά με διδάσκων ἔφη τὴν τοῦ Σεραφὶμ ἐμφαίνειν ἀποστολήν), ἱεράρχης δὲ καὶ μετὰ θεὸν ἡγεμὼν ὁ τῶν πρωτίστων οὐσιῶν διάκοσμος, παρ' οὗ τὸ καθαίρειν ἐγὼ θεοειδῶς ἐμυήθην. Oὗτος οὖν ἐστιν ὁ δι' ἐμοῦ σε καθαίρων, δι' οὗ τὰς οἰκείας προνοητικὰς ἐνεργείας ἐκ τοῦ κρυφίου καὶ εἰς ἡμᾶς προήγαγεν ἡ πάσης αἰτία καὶ δημιουργὸς καθάρσεως». Ταῦτα μὲν ἐκεῖνος ἐδίδασκέ με, σοὶ δ' ἐγὼ μεταδίδωμι. Τῆς σῆς δ' ἂν εἴη νοερᾶς καὶ διακριτικῆς ἐπιστήμης ἢ θατέρᾳ τῶν εἰρημένων αἰτιῶν ἀπολυθῆναι τῆς ἀπορίας καὶ ταύτην τιμῆσαι πρὸ τῆς ἑτέρας ὡς τὸ εἰκὸς καὶ εὔλογον καὶ ἴσως τὸ ἀληθὲς ἔχουσαν ἢ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ τι τοῦ ὄντως ἀληθοῦς συγγενέστερον ἐξευρεῖν ἢ παρ' ἑτέρου μαθεῖν, θεοῦ δηλαδὴ διδόντος ῥῆμα καὶ προξενούντων ἀγγέλων, καὶ τοῖς φιλαγγέλοις ἡμῖν ἀνακαλύψαι διαυγῆ μᾶλλον εἴπερ οἷόν τε εἴη καὶ ἐμοὶ μᾶλλον ἐραστὴν θεωρίαν. <ΧIV.> Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ ἄξιον ὡς οἶμαι νοερᾶς ἐπιστασίας, ὅτι τῶν λογίων ἡ περὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων παράδοσις «Χιλίας χιλιάδας» εἶναί φησι «καὶ μυριά δας μυρίας», τοὺς παρ' ἡμῖν ἀκροτάτους τῶν ἀριθμῶν εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἐπ ανακυκλοῦσα καὶ πολλαπλασιάζουσα καὶ διὰ τούτων ἐναργῶς ἐμφαί νουσα τὰς ἡμῖν ἀναριθμήτους τῶν οὐρανίων οὐσιῶν διατάξεις. Πολλαὶ γάρ εἰσιν αἱ μακάριαι στρατιαὶ τῶν ὑπερκοσμίων νοῶν τὴν ἀσθενῆ καὶ συνεσταλμένην ὑπερβεβηκυῖαι τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς ὑλαίων ἀριθμῶν συμμετρίαν καὶ πρὸς μόνης γνωστικῶς ὁριζόμεναι τῆς κατ' αὐτὰς ὑπερκοσμίου καὶ οὐρανίας νοήσεως καὶ ἐπιστήμης τῆς πανολβίως αὐταῖς δωρουμένης ὑπὸ τῆς θεαρχικῆς ἀπειρογνώστου σοφοποιίας τῆς πάντων ὁμοῦ τῶν ὄντων ὑπερουσίως οὔσης ἀρχῆς καὶ αἰτίας οὐσιοποιοῦ καὶ συνεκτικῆς δυνάμεως καὶ περιεκτικῆς ἀποπερατώσεως. <ΧV.> <1> Φέρε δὴ λοιπὸν ἀναπαύοντες ἡμῶν εἰ δοκεῖ τὸ νοερὸν ὄμμα τῆς περὶ τὰς ἑνικὰς καὶ ὑψηλὰς θεωρίας ἀγγελοπρεποῦς συντονίας ἐπὶ τὸ διαιρετὸν καὶ πολυμερὲς πλάτος τῆς πολυειδοῦς τῶν ἀγγελικῶν μορφο ποιϊῶν ποικιλίας καταβάντες πάλιν ἀπ' αὐτῶν ὡς ἀπ' εἰκόνων ἐπὶ τὴν ἁπλότητα τῶν οὐρανίων νοῶν ἀναλυτικῶς ἀνακάμπτωμεν. Ἔστω δέ σοι