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Therefore Julian condemned him to exile; then, being recalled from exile, he made him tribune of a numerus. He was most noble in strength and most just in judgment. Therefore he punished many of those then holding office as unjust, saying that the ruler is required to take thought for justice before other things. This man took his brother Valens as partner in the empire and entrusting the eastern portion to him, he himself stayed in the 74 western parts and having initiated many wars against the barbarians, he set up many trophies against them. He had before his reign a son named Gratian, who was born to him by his wife Severa; whom he also proclaimed emperor. And he married a second wife, while the first was still living, Justina was the second, from whom he also begot the younger Valentinian and daughters Justa, Grata, and Galla. When during his reign Eudoxius, the heterodox archbishop of New Rome, died, Demophilus was introduced in his place, being of the same opinion as his predecessor; who held the church for twelve years. This emperor also appointed the great Ambrose as bishop of the city of Milan. But learning about his brother Valens that he adhered to the Arian heresy and was forcing everyone to agree with it, he rebuked him through letters and advised him to abandon the heresy. But he did not desist from his own will and raged even more against the orthodox. A certain Rhodan, a praepositus under Valentinian, was very powerful. Against him a certain woman named Bernice 75 came to the emperor Valentinian, accusing the praepositus of injustice. The emperor, therefore, having investigated and known that the woman was not lying, summoned the praepositus and ordered him to remedy the injustice for the woman. And he, confident in his free speech with the emperor, paid no attention to the wronged woman. The woman therefore came again to the emperor; and he, learning that the praepositus had taken no care for the woman, immediately stripped that man of his office, and ordered him to be bound and led around in the theater, while a horse race was being held, with heralds preceding him and shouting out the injustice done to the woman and the disobedience to the imperial command; and after the parading and the proclamation, he was immediately burned there. And he met such an end; and all his property was granted to the woman by an imperial letter. This emperor died while residing in the Gallic provinces, having enjoyed a long life; for he lived for nearly eighty-four years, having reigned for eleven of these years and leaving his son Gratian as successor to the empire of the western parts. But Valens, championing the Arians as being of one mind with them, persecuted the orthodox and inflicted many 76 terrible things on them, persuaded by his own wife Domnica. And once while he was staying in Nicomedia, eighty clerical men approached him on an embassy from the body of the orthodox, all of whom he ordered to be burned along with the ship on which they were being carried. And they were all burned up in the middle of the sea along with the ship, which lasted as far as Dakibyza. Of these the great Gregory the Theologian also makes mention, saying, "maritime burnings of presbyters." He not only punished the orthodox, but also assigned all the churches to the Arians, driving out their orthodox bishops. It is said, therefore, that those of the orthodox faith, having been driven out of the catholic church in Nicaea, approached the great Basil, and that he interceded concerning this with Valens, but the latter was not persuaded, and that the great Basil said, "We must entrust, O emperor, the judgment concerning this 77 to God, and let the church be securely shut, and let those who think the things of Arius, standing outside, pray to God. And if the church is opened for them automatically, let them have it; but if it does not open, let us also be permitted to pray to God. And if the gates are thrown open automatically, we must consider that the divine precinct has been allotted to us by God; but if the sanctuary does not open for us either, then so let it be given up

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διὸ καὶ ὑπερορίᾳ αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰουλιανὸς κατεδίκασεν· εἶτα τριβοῦνον ἀριθμοῦ τῆς ὑπερορίας ἀνακληθέντα ἐποίησεν. οὗτος καὶ τὴν ἰσχὺν γενναιότατος καὶ τὴν γνώμην ἦν δικαιότατος. διὸ καὶ τῶν ἀρχὰς τότε μετιόντων πολλοὺς ὡς ἀδίκους ἐτιμωρήσατο, τὸν κρατοῦντα λέγων ἀπαιτεῖσθαι δικαιοσύνης πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων φροντίζειν. Οὗτος κοινωνὸν τῆς βασιλείας Οὐάλεντα τὸν ἀδελφὸν προσελάβετο καὶ τὴν ἑῴαν μοῖραν αὐτῷ πιστεύσας αὐτὸς ἐν τοῖς 74 ἑσπερίοις διέτριβε καὶ πολέμους κατὰ βαρβάρων συγκροτήσας πολλοὺς τρόπαια κατ' ἐκείνων ἐστήσατο. εἶχε δὲ πρὸ τῆς βασιλείας υἱὸν κεκλημένον Γρατιανόν, ὃς αὐτῷ ἐκ τῆς γαμετῆς Σευήρας ἐγένετο· ὃν καὶ ἀνηγόρευσεν αὐτοκράτορα. ἔγημε δὲ καὶ δευτέραν γυναῖκα, ἔτι περιούσης καὶ τῆς προτέρας, Ἰουστῖνα ἦν ἡ δευτέρα, ἐξ ἧς καὶ τὸν νέον ἐγείνατο Οὐαλεντινιανὸν καὶ θυγατέρας Ἰοῦσταν, Γράταν καὶ Γάλλαν. Ἐπὶ τούτου τελευτήσαντος Εὐδοξίου τοῦ κακοδόξου τῆς νέας Ῥώμης ἀρχιερέως ἀντεισήχθη ∆ημόφιλος ὁμόδοξος τυγχάνων τῷ πρὸ αὐτοῦ· ὃς ἐπ' ἔτεσι δώδεκα τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐκράτησεν. οὗτος ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ τὸν μέγαν Ἀμβρόσιον ἐπίσκοπον τῆς Μεδιολάνων προεχειρίσατο πόλεως. μαθὼν δὲ περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ Οὐάλεντος ὅτι τῆς Ἀρειανικῆς ἀντιποιεῖται αἱρέσεως καὶ πάντας βιάζει ταύτῃ συντίθεσθαι, διὰ γραμμάτων ἐπιπλήττει αὐτὸν καὶ ἀποστῆναι παραινεῖ τῆς αἱρέσεως. ὁ δὲ τοῦ οἰκείου θελήματος οὐκ ἀφίστατο καὶ μᾶλλον κατὰ τῶν ὀρθοδόξων ἐξηγριαίνετο. Ῥοδανὸς δέ τις πραιπόσιτος παρὰ Οὐαλεντινιανῷ μέγα ἠδύνατο. κατ' αὐτοῦ προσῆλθε γυνή τις Βερνίκη καλουμένη 75 τῷ βασιλεῖ Οὐαλεντινιανῷ ἀδικίαν ἐπεγκαλοῦσα τῷ πραιποσίτῳ. ἐρευνήσας γοῦν ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ καὶ γνοὺς μὴ ψεύδεσθαι τὴν γυναῖκα, προσκαλεσάμενος τὸν πραιπόσιτον θεραπεῦσαι κεκέλευκε τῇ γυναικὶ τὸ ἀδίκημα. κἀκεῖνος τῇ παρρησίᾳ τῇ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα θαρρῶν οὐδένα λόγον ἔθετο τῆς ἀδικουμένης. προσῆλθεν οὖν καὶ αὖθις τῷ βασιλεῖ ἡ γυνή· καὶ ὃς μαθὼν μήτινα θέσθαι φροντίδα τῆς γυναικὸς τὸν πραιπόσιτον, αὐτίκα γυμνοῖ μὲν ἐκεῖνον τοῦ ἀξιώματος, κελεύει δὲ δεθέντα ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ περιαχθῆναι, ἀγῶνος ἱππικοῦ ἀγομένου, κηρύκων αὐτοῦ προαγόντων καὶ τὸ εἰς τὴν γυναῖκα βοώντων ἀδίκημα καὶ τοῦ βασιλικοῦ κελεύσματος τὴν παρακοήν· καὶ μετὰ τὴν περιαγωγὴν καὶ τὸ κήρυγμα ἐκεῖ παρευθὺ καυθῆναι αὐτόν. καὶ ὁ μὲν τοιοῦτον εὕρατο τέλος· ἡ δὲ πᾶσα ἐκείνου περιουσία τῇ γυναικὶ διὰ βασιλείου παρακεχώρητο γράμματος. Ἐξέλιπε δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς οὗτος ἐν Γαλλίαις διάγων, ἀπολαύσας χρόνου μακροῦ· ἐβίω γὰρ ἔτη πρὸς τέσσαρσιν ὀγδοήκοντα, ἕνδεκα τούτων βασιλεύσας ἐνιαυτοὺς καὶ τὸν υἱὸν Γρατιανὸν τῆς βασιλείας τῶν ἑσπερίων διάδοχον καταλελοιπώς. Οὐάλης δὲ τῶν ἀρειανιζόντων ὑπερμαχῶν ὡς ὁμογνώμων αὐτοῖς τοὺς ὀρθοδόξους ἐδίωκε καὶ πολλὰ ἐπήνεγκεν αὐτοῖς 76 τὰ δεινά, τῇ οἰκείᾳ συζύγῳ ∆ομνίκᾳ πειθόμενος. καί ποτε ἐν Νικομηδείᾳ διάγοντι προσῆλθον αὐτῷ εἰς πρεσβείαν ἐκ τοῦ τῶν ὀρθοδόξων συστήματος ἄνδρες ἱερατικοὶ ὀγδοήκοντα, οὓς ἅπαντας σὺν τῷ πλοίῳ, δι' οὗ ἐκομίζοντο, καυθῆναι προσέταξε. καὶ κατεφλέχθησαν ἅπαντες ἐν μέσῃ τῇ θαλάσσῃ σὺν τῇ νηὶ ἄχρι ∆ακιβύζης διαρκεσάσῃ. ὧν καὶ ὁ μέγας ἐν θεολογίᾳ Γρηγόριος μέμνηται, λέγων "πρεσβυτέρων ἐμπρησμοὶ θαλάττιοι." οὐ μόνον δὲ τοὺς ὀρθοδόξους ἐκόλαζεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ἐκκλησίας ἁπάσας ἀπένεμε τοῖς Ἀρειανοῖς, τοὺς ὀρθοδόξους ἐπισκόπους ἐκδιώκων αὐτῶν. λέγεται γοῦν καὶ τῆς ἐν Νικαίᾳ καθολικῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐκδιωχθέντας τοὺς τοῦ ὀρθοῦ δόγματος τῷ μεγάλῳ προσελθεῖν Βασιλείῳ, κἀκεῖνον πρεσβεῦσαι περὶ τούτου πρὸς τὸν Οὐάλεντα, τὸν δὲ μὴ πείθεσθαι, καὶ τὸν μέγαν φάναι Βασίλειον ὡς "ἐπιτρεπτέον, ὦ βασιλεῦ, τὴν περὶ τούτου κρίσιν 77 τῷ θεῷ, καὶ κλεισθήτω μὲν ἀσφαλῶς ὁ ναός, ἐκτὸς δ' ἑστῶτες οἱ τὰ Ἀρείου φρονοῦντες δείσθωσαν τοῦ θεοῦ. καὶ εἰ μὲν αὐτομάτως αὐτοῖς ἀνοιχθῇ ὁ ναός, ἐχέτωσαν αὐτόν· εἰ δὲ μὴ ἀνοιγῇ, ἐπιτρεπτέον καὶ ἡμῖν δεηθῆναι τοῦ θεοῦ. καὶ εἰ μὲν αὐτομάτως ἀναπετασθῶσιν αἱ πύλαι, νομιστέον ἐκ θεοῦ προσκληρωθῆναι ἡμῖν τὸ θεῖον τεμένισμα· εἰ δὲ οὐδ' ἡμῖν τὸ ἱερὸν ἀνοιγῇ, καὶ οὕτως ἀνείσθω αὐτὸ