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succeeding us, the worshippers of the Trinity. But I shall begin from this point, making God the beginning of my discourse.

1. A partial natural philosophy concerning the creation of the world and the formation of

Adam. (50) God, not only paradise, as some might suppose, to the first-formed

gave from the very beginning, (51) nor did He create that alone incorruptible, but much rather before that, the entire earth, this very one which we inhabit, and all things on the earth, and not only that, but also the heaven and the things in it, having produced them in five days, on the sixth day He formed Adam and appointed him lord and king of all visible creation. And neither was Eve brought forth then, nor yet paradise, but this world was made by God as one paradise, produced incorruptible, yet material and perceptible; this, as has been said, He gave to Adam and to his descendants for their enjoyment. But let this not seem paradoxical to you, but await the discourse and it will demonstrate this most clearly from the divine Scripture itself. For it is written: "In the beginning God made the heaven and the earth. And the earth was invisible and unformed." Then, explaining precisely in order all the remaining works of God's creation, after saying: "And there was evening and there was morning, a fifth day," he added: "And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth. So God created man, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them." But he says "male and female" not as if Eve had already come into being, but as her being in Adam's rib and being with him; and you will know this more clearly hereafter. "And God blessed them, saying: Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over all the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth."

(52) Do you see how God gave this whole world, as one paradise, to man from the beginning? For what other earth does he mean, if not this one in which we, as has been said, now dwell, and no other at all? Wherefore he adds, saying: "And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth; and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat, and to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creeps upon the earth." Have you seen how He gave all visible things, both those on the earth and those in the sea, to Adam and to us his descendants for enjoyment, and did not grant him paradise alone? For whatever He said to Adam, He said these things as to all of us, just as also to the apostles later the same One spoke through the living Word: "And what I say unto you I say unto all," as knowing that our race was to be multiplied upon the earth into infinite and innumerable multitudes. For if, even after transgressing his commandment and being condemned to live and to die, we men have become so great a multitude, consider how many those born from the creation of the world would have been, if they had not died, and what sort of life and conduct they would have had, being preserved incorruptible and immortal in an incorruptible world, living a life that was clearly sinless and painless, free from care and toil, and how, according to their progress in keeping the commandments of God and in the working of good thoughts, they were destined to be raised in due time to a more perfect glory and transformation, drawing near to God and to the flowing rays of the divinity, each one's soul more radiant

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διαδεξόμενα τούς προσκυνητάς τῆς Τριάδος ἡμᾶς. Ἄρξομαι δέ ἐντεῦθεν, ἀρχήν τοῦ λόγου ποιούμενος τόν Θεόν.

α΄. Μερική τις φυσιολογία περί τῆς τοῦ κόσμου κτίσεως καί τῆς πλάσεως τοῦ

Ἀδάμ. (50) Ὁ Θεός οὐχί τόν παράδεισον μόνον, ὡς ἄν τινες οἴονται, τοῖς πρωτοπλάστοις

δέδωκεν ἐξ αὐτῆς ἀρχῆς, (51) οὔτε ἄφθαρτον μόνον ἐκεῖνον ἐδημιούργησεν, ἀλλά πολλῷ μᾶλλον πρό ἐκείνου τήν ἅπασαν γῆν, ταύτην δή ἥν ἡμεῖς κατοικοῦμεν, καί τά ἐν τῇ γῇ ἅπαντα, οὐ μήν ἀλλά καί τόν οὐρανόν καί τά ἐν αὐτῷ ἐν πέντε ἡμέραις παραγαγών, τῇ ἕκτῃ ἡμέρα ἔπλασε τόν Ἀδάμ καί πάσης τῆς ὁρωμένης κτίσεως κύριον αὐτόν καί βασιλέα κατέστησε. Καί οὔτε ἡ Εὔα παραχθεῖσα ἦν τότε οὔτε μήν ὁ παράδεισος, ἀλλ᾿ οὕτος ὁ κόσμος ὥσπερ τις παράδεισος ὑπό τοῦ Θεοῦ γέγονεν εἷς, ἄφθαροτος μέν, ὑλικός δέ καί αἰσθητός παραχθείς· τοῦτον, ὡς εἴρηται, τῷ Ἀδάμ καί τοῖς ἐξ αὐτοῦ εἰς ἀπόλαυσιν δέδωκεν. Ἀλλά μή φανῇ σοι τοῦτο παράδοξον, ἀνάμεινον δέ τόν λόγον καί ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς θείας Γραφῆς ἀποδείξει τοῦτο σαφέστατα. Γέγραπται γάρ· "Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός τόν οὐρανόν καί τήν γῆν· ἡ δέ γῆ ἦν ἀόρατος καί ἀκατασκεύαστος". Καθεξῆς δέ τά λοιπά ἅπαντα ἔργα τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ δημιουργίας ἀκριβῶς ἐξηγούμενος, μετά τό εἰπεῖν· "Καί ἐγένετο ἑσπέρα καί ἐγένετο πρωΐ, ἡμέρα πέμπτη", ἐπήγαγε· "Καί εἶπεν ὁ Θεός· ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ᾿ εἰκόνα ἡμετέραν καί καθ᾿ ὁμοίωσιν καί ἀρχέτωσαν τῶν ἰχθύων τῆς θαλάσσης καί τῶν πετεινῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καί τῶν κτηνῶν καί πάσης τῆς γῆς καί πάντων τῶν ἑρπετῶν τῶν ἑρπόντων ἐπί τῆς γῆς. Καί ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός τόν ἄνθρωπον, κατ᾿ εἰκόνα Θεοῦ ἐποίησεν αὐτόν, ἄρσεν καί θῆλυ ἐποίησεν αὐτους". Ἄρσεν δέ καί θῆλυ λέγει οὐχ ὡς τῆς Εὔας ἤδη γενομένης, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς ἐν τῇ τοῦ Ἀδάμ πλευρᾷ οὔσης καί αὐτῷ συνούσης· καί τοῦτο μετά ταῦτα σαφέστερον γνώσεσθε. "Καί εὐλόγησεν αὐτούς ὁ Θεός λέγων· αὐξάνεσθε καί πληθύνεσθε καί πληρώσατε τήν γῆν καί κατακυριεύσατε αὐτῆς καί ἄρχετε τῶν ἰχθύων τῆς θαλάσσης καί τῶν πετεινῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καί πάντων τῶν κτηνῶν καί πάσης τῆς γῆς καί πάντων τῶν ἑρπετῶν τῶν ἑρπόντων ἐπί τῆς γῆς".

(52) Ὁρᾷς πῶς τοῦτον ὅλον τόν κόσμον, ὡς ἕνα παράδεισον, τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐξ ἀρχῆς δέδωκεν ὁ Θεός; Ποίαν γάρ ἄλλην γῆν λέγει, εἰ μή ταύτην ἐν ᾗ καί νῦν, ὡς εἴρηται κατοικοῦμεν ἡμεῖς, ἑτέραν δέ οὐδαμῶς; ∆ιό καί ἐπιφέρων φησί· "Καί εἶπεν ὁ Θεός· Ἰδού δέδωκα ὑμῖν πάντα χόρτον σπόριμον σπεῖρον σπέρμα ὅ ἐστιν ἐπάνω τῆς γῆς· καί πᾶν ξύλον ὅ ἔχει ἐν ἑαυτῷ καρπόν σπέρματος σπορίμου ὑμῖν ἔσται εἰς βρῶσιν καί πᾶσι τοῖς θηρίοις τῆς γῆς καί πᾶσι τοῖς πετεινοῖς τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καί παντί ἑρπετῷ ἕρποντι ἐπι τῆς γῆς". Εἶδες πῶς τά ὁρώμενα ἅπαντα, τά τε ἐν τῇ καί τά ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ, τῷ Ἀδάμ καί ἡμῖν τοῖς ἐξ αὐτοῦ δέδωκεν εἰς ἀπόλαυσιν καί οὐχί τόν παράδεισον μόνον αὐτῷ ἐχαρίσατο; Ὅσα γάρ τῷ Ἀδάμ εἶπεν, ὡς πρός πάντας ἡμᾶς ταῦτα ἔλεγε, καθώς καί πρός τούς ἀποστόλους ὕστερον ὁ αὐτός διά τοῦ ζῶντος Λόγου ἔφη· "Ἅ δέ λέγω ὑμῖν, πᾶσι λέγω", ὡς εἰδώς ὅτι εἰς ἄπειρα πλήθη καί ἀναρίθμητα ἔμελλε τό γένος ἡμῖν πληθυνθῆναι ἐπί τῆς γῆς. Εἰ γάρ καί παραβάντες τήν ἐντολήν αὐτοῦ καί βιοῦν καί ἀποθνῄσκειν κατακριθέντες εἰς τοσοῦτον πλῆθος οἱ ἄνθρωποι ἐγενόμεθα, ἐννόει μοι ὅσοι ἔμελλον εἶναι οἱ ἀπό κτίσεως κόσμου γεννηθέντες, εἰ μή ἀπέθανον, ὁποίαν δέ ζωήν καί διαγωγήν ἔχειν ἐν ἀφθάρτῳ κόσμῳ ἄφθαρτοι διατηρούμενοι καί ἀθάνατοι, ἀναμάρτητον δηλονότι καί ἄλυπον, ἀμέριμνόν τε καί ἄμοχθον διανύοντες βίον, ὅπως τε κατά προκοπήν τῆς φυλακῆς τῶν ἐντολῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ καί τῆς ἐργασίας τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἐννοιῶν εἰς τελειοτέραν ἔμελλον ἀνάγεσθαι κατά καιρόν δόξαν τε καί ἀλλοίωσιν, πλησιάζοντες τῷ Θεῷ καί τάς πηγαζούσαις αὐγαῖς τῆς θεότητος, τήν μέν ψυχήν λαμπροτέραν ἑκάστου