Chapter XVII.

In what follows, Celsus, assailing the Mosaic history, finds fault with those who give it a tropical and allegorical signification.  And here one might say to this great man, who inscribed upon his own work the title of a True Discourse, “Why, good sir, do you make it a boast to have it recorded that the gods should engage in such adventures as are described by your learned poets and philosophers, and be guilty of abominable intrigues, and of engaging in wars against their own fathers, and of cutting off their secret parts, and should dare to commit and to suffer such enormities; while Moses, who gives no such accounts respecting God, nor even regarding the holy angels, and who relates deeds of far less atrocity regarding men (for in his writings no one ever ventured to commit such crimes as Kronos did against Uranus, or Zeus against his father, or that of the father of men and gods, who had intercourse with his own daughter), should be considered as having deceived those who were placed under his laws, and to have led them into error?”  And here Celsus seems to me to act somewhat as Thrasymachus the Platonic philosopher did, when he would not allow Socrates to answer regarding justice, as he wished, but said, “Take care not to say that utility is justice, or duty, or anything of that kind.”  For in like manner Celsus assails (as he thinks) the Mosaic histories, and finds fault with those who understand them allegorically, at the same time bestowing also some praise upon those who do so, to the effect that they are more impartial (than those who do not); and thus, as it were, he prevents by his cavils those who are able to show the true state of the case from offering such a defence as they would wish to offer.39    Οἱονεὶ κωλύεται, κατηγορήσας ὡς βούλεται, ἀπολογεῖσθαι τοὺς δυναμένους ὡς πέφυκεν ἔχειν τὰ πράγματα.  We have taken κωλύεται as middle.  Some propose κωλύει.  And we have read βούλονταί , a lection which is given by a second hand in one ms.

Καὶ ἑκὼν μὲν ἐπελάθετο τοῦ περὶ τῶν νομιζομένων θεῶν μύθου ὡς ἀνθρωποπαθῶν, ἀναγεγραμμένου μάλιστα ὑπὸ Ὀρφέως, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἑξῆς κατηγορῶν τῆς Μωϋσέως ἱστορίας αἰτιᾶται τοὺς τροπολογοῦντας καὶ ἀλληγοροῦντας αὐτήν. Ἦν δ' ἂν εἰπεῖν πρὸς τὸν γενναιότατον καὶ ἀληθῆ λόγον ἐπιγράψαντα τὸ ἑαυτοῦ βιβλίον, τί δήποτε, ὦ οὗτος, θεοὺς μὲν τηλικαύταις περιπίπτοντας συμφοραῖς, ὁποίας ἀναγράφουσιν οἱ σοφοί σου ποιηταὶ καὶ φιλόσοφοι, καὶ ἐναγέσι μίξεσι χρωμένους καὶ κατὰ τῶν πατέρων στρατευο μένους καὶ τὰ αἰδοῖα αὐτῶν ἀποτέμνοντας σεμνολογεῖς ἀναγεγράφθαι τὰ τηλικαῦτα τετολμηκέναι καὶ πεποιηκέναι καὶ πεπονθέναι· ὅταν δὲ Μωϋσῆς μὴ περὶ θεοῦ τοιαῦτα λέγῃ ἀλλὰ μηδ' ἀγγέλων ἁγίων περὶ δὲ ἀνθρώπων πολλῷ ἐλάττονα–οὐδεὶς γὰρ παρ' αὐτῷ ἐτόλμησεν ὅσα Κρόνος κατὰ τοῦ Οὐρανοῦ οὐδ' ὅσα Ζεὺς κατὰ τοῦ πατρός, οὐδ' ὅτι τῇ ἑαυτοῦ θυγατρὶ ὁ "πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε" συνελήλυθεν–, πλανᾶν νομίζεται ἠπατημένους τοὺς νενομοθετημένους ὑπ' αὐτοῦ; ∆οκεῖ δέ μοι καὶ παραπλήσιόν τι Κέλσος ποιεῖν τῷ πλατωνικῷ Θρασυμάχῳ, μὴ ἐπιτρέποντι ὡς βούλεται ἀποκρίνασθαι περὶ τῆς δικαιοσύνης Σωκράτει ἀλλὰ λέγοντι· Ὅρα μὴ τὸ συμφέρον εἴπῃς εἶναι τὸ δίκαιον μηδὲ τὸ δέον μηδ' ἄλλο τι τῶν παραπλησίων. Καὶ γὰρ οὗτος κατηγορήσας, ὡς οἴεται, τῶν παρὰ Μωϋσεῖ ἱστοριῶν καὶ μεμψάμενος τοῖς ἀλληγοροῦσι μετὰ τοῦ καὶ ἔπαινόν τινα περὶ αὐτῶν λέγειν, ὅτι εἰσὶν οἱ ἐπιεικέστεροι, οἱονεὶ κωλύει κατηγορήσας, ὡς βούλεται, ἀπολογεῖσθαι τοὺς δυναμένους, ὡς πέφυκεν ἔχειν τὰ πράγματα.