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that we did not behave disorderly among you, nor did we eat anyone’s bread for free. And yet, even if I had eaten, it would not have been for free; For, he says, the laborer is worthy of his wages. But in labor and toil, working night and day, that we might not be a burden to any of you. Not because we do not have that authority, but to give you in ourselves an example to imitate us. For even when we were with you, we gave you this command: If anyone is not willing to work, let him not eat. 2. See how in the first epistle he discusses these things in a gentler way, as when he says, But we urge you, brothers, to do so more and more, and to aspire, and nowhere does he say, We command, nor, In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was something to be feared and involved a risk; but he says to do so more and more and to aspire, which was an exhortation to virtue. So that you may walk properly, he says; but here nothing of the sort, but, If anyone is not willing to work. he says, let him not eat. For if Paul, having no necessity, but having authority to be idle, and having undertaken so great a work, nevertheless worked, and did not simply work, but night and day, so as to be able to help others also, how much more ought others to do this. For we hear that some among you are walking in idleness, not busy at work, but busybodies. This here; but there in the first, So that you may walk properly, he says, toward outsiders. For what reason? Perhaps nothing of the sort had yet occurred; for elsewhere also he exhorted, saying; It is more blessed to give, than to receive. But the phrase, Walk properly, is not about disorderliness; which is why he added; so that you will not be dependent on anyone. But here he lays down another necessity, so as to do what is good and right toward all; for going on he says, Do not grow weary in doing good. For it is altogether necessary for one who is idle, and able to work, to be a busybody. But almsgiving is given to those alone who are not strong enough to provide for themselves from the labor of their hands, or to those who teach, and are entirely occupied with the word of teaching. For You shall not muzzle, he says, an ox when it treads out the grain; and, The laborer is worthy of his wages. So that this man is not idle either, but receives the wage for work, and for great work. But to pray and to fast while idle is not the work of hands; for here he speaks of work done by the hands. And that you might suspect nothing of the sort, he added; Not busy at work, but busybodies. Now such persons we command and exhort by our Lord Jesus Christ. Since he had rebuked them severely, wishing to make his words gentler, he added; By the Lord, again by this indicating 62.495 what is trustworthy and to be feared. to do their work in quietness and to eat their own bread. Why did he not say, But if they are not disorderly, let them be fed by you; but requires both, to be in quietness and to work? Because he wants them, by working, to feed themselves. For this is the meaning of, to eat their own bread, that is, that which comes from their own labors, and not another's, that which is procured from begging. As for you, brothers, do not grow weary in doing good. See how his fatherly compassion was immediately moved. He could not carry the rebuke further, but again had mercy on them; and see with what great understanding. He did not say, However, make allowances for them, until they should be corrected; but what? As for you, do not grow weary in doing good. Keep away from them, he says, and rebuke them, but do not overlook them being destroyed by famine. What then, he says, if, having abundance from us, he persists in being idle? For this man, I have stated a gentle remedy, he says, that You keep away from him, that is, do not give him confidence, show that you are angry. And this is no small thing. For such is the rebuke toward a brother, if indeed

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ὅτι οὐκ ἠτακτήσαμεν ἐν ὑμῖν, οὐδὲ δωρεὰν ἄρτον ἐφάγομεν παρά τινος. Καίτοι, εἰ καὶ ἔφαγον, οὐκ ἦν δωρεάν· Ἄξιος γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὑτοῦ. Ἀλλ' ἐν κόπῳ καὶ μόχθῳ, νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν ἐργαζόμενοι πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἐπιβαρῆσαί τινα ὑμῶν. Οὐχ ὅτι οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἑαυτοὺς τύπον δῶμεν ὑμῖν εἰς τὸ μιμεῖσθαι ἡμᾶς. Καὶ γὰρ, ὅτε ἦμεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, τοῦτο παρηγγέλλομεν ὑμῖν, ὅτι εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι, μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω. βʹ. Ὅρα πῶς ἐν μὲν τῇ προτέρᾳ ἐπιστολῇ προσηνέστερόν πως περὶ τούτων διαλέγεται, ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ, Παρακαλοῦμεν δὲ ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοὶ, περισσεύειν μᾶλλον καὶ φιλοτιμεῖσθαι, καὶ οὐδαμοῦ, Παραγγέλλομεν, οὐδὲ, Ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὅπερ ἦν φοβερὸν καὶ κίνδυνον ἔχον, ἀλλὰ περισσεύειν φησὶ καὶ φιλοτιμεῖσθαι, ὃ ἦν εἰς ἀρετὴν προτρέποντος. Ἵνα εὐσχημόνως, φησὶ, περιπατῆτε· ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον, ἀλλ', Εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι. φησὶ, μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω. Εἰ γὰρ Παῦλος ἀνάγκην οὐκ ἔχων, ἀλλ' ἐξουσίαν ἔχων ἀργεῖν, καὶ τηλικοῦτον ἔργον ἀναδεδεγμένος, ὅμως εἰργάζετο, καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἰργάζετο, ἀλλὰ νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν, ὥστε δύνασθαι καὶ ἑτέροις ἐπικουρεῖν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοὺς ἄλλους ἐχρῆν τοῦτο ποιεῖν. Ἀκούομεν γάρ τινας περιπατοῦντας ἐν ὑμῖν ἀτάκτως, μηδὲν ἐργαζομένους, ἀλλὰ περιεργαζομένους. Τοῦτο μὲν ἐνταῦθα· ἐκεῖ δὲ ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ, Ἵνα εὐσχημόνως, φησὶ, περιπατῆτε πρὸς τοὺς ἔξω. Τίνος ἕνεκεν; Ἴσως οὐδὲν οὐδέπω τοιοῦτον ἦν γεγονός· καὶ γὰρ ἀλλαχοῦ παραινῶν ἔλεγε· Μακάριόν τί ἐστι μᾶλλον διδόναι, ἢ λαμβάνειν. Τὸ δὲ, Εὐσχημόνως περιπατεῖτε, οὐ περὶ ἀταξίας ἐστί· διὸ καὶ ἐπήγαγεν· Ἵνα μηδενὸς χρείαν ἔχητε. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ ἑτέραν ἀνάγκην τίθησιν, ὥστε τὸ καλὸν ποιεῖν καὶ ἀγαθὸν πρὸς πάντας· προϊὼν γάρ φησι, Μὴ ἐκκακήσητε καλοποιοῦντες. Πάντως γὰρ τὸν ἀργοῦντα, καὶ δυνάμενον ἐργάζεσθαι, ἀνάγκη περίεργον εἶναι. Ἡ δὲ ἐλεημοσύνη ἐκείνοις δέδοται μόνοις, τοῖς οὐκ ἰσχύουσιν ἐκ τῆς τῶν χειρῶν ἐργασίας ἐπαρκέσαι ἑαυτοῖς, ἢ τοῖς διδάσκουσι, καὶ τὸ πᾶν ἀπησχολημένοις εἰς τὸν τῆς διδασκαλίας λόγον. Οὐ γὰρ φιμώσεις, φησὶ, βοῦν ἀλοῶντα· καὶ, Ἄξιος ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὑτοῦ. Ὥστε οὐδὲ οὗτος ἀργός ἐστιν, ἀλλ' ἐργασίας, καὶ ἐργασίας μεγάλης λαμβάνει τὸν μισθόν. Τὸ δὲ εὔχεσθαι καὶ νηστεύειν ἀργοῦντα, οὐκ ἔστιν ἔργον χειρῶν· ἐργασίαν γάρ φησιν ἐνταῦθα τὴν διὰ τῶν χειρῶν. Καὶ ἵνα μηδὲν τοιοῦτον ὑποπτεύσῃς, ἐπήγαγε· Μηδὲν ἐργαζομένους, ἀλλὰ περιεργαζομένους. Τοῖς δὲ τοιούτοις παραγγέλλομεν καὶ παρακαλοῦμεν διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ἐπειδὴ σφόδρα καθήψατο, προσηνέστερον βουλόμενος ποιῆσαι τὸν λόγον, ἐπήγαγε· ∆ιὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, πάλιν τὸ ἀξιόπιστον καὶ φοβερὸν ταύτῃ δη 62.495 λῶν. Ἵνα μεθ' ἡσυχίας ἐργαζόμενοι, τὸν ἑαυτῶν ἄρτον ἐσθίωσι. ∆ιὰ τί μὴ εἶπεν, Εἰ δὲ μὴ ἀτακτοῦσι, τρεφέσθωσαν παρ' ὑμῶν· ἀλλὰ ἀμφότερα ἀπαιτεῖ, καὶ τὸ ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ εἶναι, καὶ τὸ ἐργάζεσθαι; Ὅτι βούλεται αὐτοὺς ἐργαζομένους τρέφειν ἑαυτούς. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι, τὸ, Ἵνα τὸν ἑαυτῶν ἄρτον ἐσθίωσι, τουτέστι τὸν ἐξ οἰκείων πόνων, ἀλλὰ μὴ τὸν ἀλλότριον, τὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ προσαιτεῖν ἐκποριζόμενον. Ὑμεῖς δὲ, ἀδελφοὶ, μὴ ἐκκακήσητε καλοποιοῦντες. Ὅρα πῶς εὐθέως κατεκλάσθη τὰ σπλάγχνα τὰ πατρικά. Οὐκ ἴσχυσε περαιτέρω τὴν ἐπιτίμησιν προαγαγεῖν, ἀλλὰ πάλιν αὐτοὺς ἠλέησε· καὶ ὅρα μεθ' ὅσης συνέσεως. Οὐκ εἶπε, Πλὴν συγγινώσκετε αὐτοῖς, ἕως ἂν διορθώσωνται· ἀλλὰ τί; Ὑμεῖς δὲ τὸ καλὸν ποιοῦντες μὴ ἐκκακήσητε. Στέλλεσθε μὲν, φησὶν, ἀπ' αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπιτιμᾶτε αὐτοῖς, μὴ μὴν περιίδητε λιμῷ διαφθαρέντας. Τί οὖν, φησὶν, ἂν ἔχων τὴν παρ' ἡμῶν ἀφθονίαν ἐπιμένῃ ἀργῶν; Ἐπὶ τούτου φάρμακον προσηνὲς, φησὶν, εἶπον, ὅτι Στέλλεσθε ἀπ' αὐτοῦ, τουτέστι, μὴ μεταδίδοτε αὐτῷ παῤῥησίας, ἐνδείκνυσθε ὅτι ὀργίζεσθε. Οὐ μικρὸν δὲ τοῦτο. Τοιαύτη γὰρ ἡ πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν γίνεται ἐπιτίμησις, εἴ γε ὄντως