20.2 And we must listen carefully to "that they may be seen," since nothing that is merely apparent is good, as if existing in appearance and not in truth, and deceiving the imagination but not representing it precisely and truly. And just as the actors of certain dramas in the theaters are not what they say they are, nor are they in fact what they are seen to be according to the mask they wear; so also all who put on the appearance of the good for show are not righteous, but actors of righteousness, acting themselves in their own theater, "in the synagogues and on the corners of the streets." But the one who is not an actor, but has put away everything foreign, preparing himself in that which is by far greater than any of the aforementioned theaters, enters into his own "inner room," having shut in for himself upon the wealth stored up within, the treasure "of wisdom and knowledge"; and in no way inclining outwards nor gaping at external things, and having shut every "door" of the senses, so that he may not be drawn away by the senses nor their image be introduced into his mind, he prays to the Father who does not flee from or abandon such a secret place but dwells in it, with the only-begotten also being present with him. For I, he says, "and the Father" "will come to him and make our home with him." And it is clear that for the righteous man, if indeed we pray thus, we shall meet not only with God but also with a Father, as one not absent from His sons but present in our "secret place" and watching over it and making the things in the inner room more numerous, if we shut its "door." 21.1 But when we pray let us not babble but theologize. We babble, when, not examining ourselves or the words of the prayer we offer up, we speak of corrupt deeds or words or thoughts, being base and reprehensible, alien to the incorruptibility of the Lord. However, the one who babbles in prayer is already also in a worse condition than the one in the synagogue we spoke of before and on a more difficult path than the corners of the streets, not preserving even a trace of the hypocrisy of a good thing. For according to the word of the gospel, only "the Gentiles" babble, having no conception of great or heavenly requests, offering up every prayer <for> bodily and external things. Therefore, he who asks for things below from the Lord who dwells in the heavens and above the heights of the heavens is like a babbling Gentile. 21.2 And it seems that he who uses many words babbles, and he who babbles uses many words. For nothing of matter and of bodies is one, but each of the things considered one is split and cut up and divided into many, having lost unity; for the good is one but shameful things are many, and truth is one but falsehoods are many, and true righteousness is one, but many states imitate it, and the wisdom of God is one, but many are the wisdoms "of this age" and "of the rulers of this age" which are being brought to nothing, and the word of God is one, but many are the words alien to God. For this reason no one will escape "sin" "from a multitude of words," and no one expecting to be heard "for his much speaking" is able to be heard. Therefore our prayers must not be likened to the Gentiles who babble or use many words or whatever they do "after the likeness of the serpent"; "For" the God of the saints knows, being their "Father," "what things" his sons "have need of," since they are worthy of the Father's knowledge. But if anyone does not know God, he also does not know the things of God, and he does not know "the things he has need of"; for the things which he thinks "he has need of" are mistaken; but he who has perceived his need of better and more divine things, which are known by God, will obtain what he has perceived and what was known to the Father even before the asking. Since these things have been said concerning the matters before the prayer in Matthew, let us now also consider the things signified by the prayer. 22.1 «0Our Father who art in heaven20.» It is worthwhile to examine more carefully the so-called Old Testament, to see if it is possible to find anywhere in it a prayer of someone calling God 20Father20; for at present, having searched as we are able, we have not found one. But we do not say this, that the
20.2 ἐπιμελῶς δὲ ἀκουστέον τοῦ «φανῶσιν,» ἐπεὶ οὐδὲν φαινό μενον καλόν ἐστιν, οἱονεὶ δοκήσει ὂν καὶ οὐκ ἀληθῶς καὶ τὴν φαν τασίαν πλανῶν ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀκριβῶς καὶ ἀληθῶς ἐκτυποῦν. ὥσπερ δὲ οἱ ἐν τοῖς θεάτροις δραμάτων τινῶν ὑποκριταὶ οὐχ ὅπερ λέγουσίν εἰσιν, οὐδ' ὅπερ βλέπονται καθ' ὃ περίκεινται πρόσωπον τοῦτο τυγχάνουσιν· οὕτως καὶ πάντες οἱ ἐπιμορφάζοντες τῷ δοκεῖν τὴν τοῦ καλοῦ φαντασίαν οὐ δίκαιοι ἀλλ' ὑποκριταί εἰσι δικαιοσύνης, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐν ἰδίῳ θεάτρῳ ὑποκρινόμενοι, «ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν.» ὁ δὲ μὴ ὑποκριτὴς ἀλλὰ πᾶν τὸ ἀλλό τριον ἀποθέμενος, ἐν τῷ παντὸς τοῦ προειρημένου θεάτρου καθ' ὑπερβολὴν μείζονι ἑαυτὸν ἀρέσκειν εὐτρεπίζων, εἰσέρχεται εἰς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ «ταμεῖον,» ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐναποτεθησαυρισμένου πλούτου τὸν «τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως» θησαυρὸν ἑαυτῷ ἀποκλείσας· καὶ μηδαμῶς ἔξω νεύων μηδὲ περὶ τὰ ἔξω κεχηνὼς πᾶσάν τε «τὴν θύραν» τῶν αἰσθητηρίων ἀποκλείσας, ἵνα μὴ ἕλκηται ὑπὸ τῶν αἰσθήσεων μηδὲ ἐκείνων ἡ φαντασία τῷ νῷ αὐτοῦ ἐπεισκρίνηται, προσεύχεται τῷ τὸ τοιοῦτον κρυπτὸν μὴ φεύγοντι μηδὲ ἐγκαταλείποντι πατρὶ ἀλλ' ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικοῦντι, συμπαρόντος αὐτῷ καὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς. ἐγὼ γὰρ, φησὶ, «καὶ ὁ πατὴρ» «πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐλευσόμεθα καὶ μονὴν παρ' αὐτῷ ποιησόμεθα.» δῆλον δὲ ὅτι τῷ δικαίῳ, ἐὰν δὴ οὕτως εὐχώ μεθα, οὐ μόνον θεῷ ἀλλὰ καὶ πατρὶ ἐντευξόμεθα, ὡς υἱῶν μὴ ἀπο λειπομένῳ ἀλλὰ παρόντι ἡμῶν «τῷ κρυπτῷ» καὶ ἐφορῶντι αὐτὸ καὶ πλείονα τὰ ἐν τῷ ταμείῳ ποιοῦντι, ἐὰν αὐτοῦ «τὴν θύραν» ἀποκλείσωμεν. 21.1 Ἀλλὰ προσευχόμενοι μὴ βαττολογήσωμεν ἀλλὰ θεο λογήσωμεν. βαττολογοῦμεν δὲ, ὅτε μὴ μωμοσκοποῦντες ἑαυτοὺς ἢ τοὺς ἀναπεμπομένους τῆς εὐχῆς λόγους λέγομεν τὰ διεφθαρμένα ἔργα ἢ λόγους ἢ νοήματα, ταπεινὰ τυγχάνοντα καὶ ἐπίληπτα, τῆς ἀφθαρσίας ἀλλότρια τοῦ κυρίου. ὁ μέντοι βαττολογῶν ἐν τῷ εὔ χεσθαι ἤδη καὶ ἐν τῇ χείρονι τῶν προειρημένων ἡμῖν συναγωγικῇ ἐστι καταστάσει τε <καὶ> χαλεπωτέρᾳ τῶν ἐν ταῖς πλατείαις γωνιῶν ὁδῷ οὐδὲ ἴχνος σῴζων κἂν ὑποκρίσεως ἀγαθοῦ. βαττολογοῦσι γὰρ κατὰ τὴν λέξιν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου μόνοι «οἱ ἐθνικοὶ,» οὐδὲ φαντασίαν μεγάλων ἔχοντες ἢ ἐπουρανίων αἰτημάτων, πᾶσαν εὐχὴν <περὶ> τῶν σωματικῶν καὶ τῶν ἐκτὸς ἀναπέμποντες. ἐθνικῷ οὖν βαττολο γοῦντι ὁμοιοῦται ὁ τὰ κάτω ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς καὶ ὑπὲρ τὰ ὕψη τῶν οὐρανῶν κατοικοῦντος κυρίου αἰτῶν. 21.2 καὶ ἔοικέ γε ὁ πολυλογῶν βαττολογεῖν, καὶ ὁ βαττολογῶν πολυλογεῖν. οὐδὲν γὰρ ἓν τῆς ὕλης καὶ τῶν σωμάτων, ἀλλ' ἕκαστον τῶν νομιζομένων ἓν ἔσχισται καὶ διακέκοπται καὶ διῄρηται εἰς πλεί ονα τὴν ἕνωσιν ἀπολωλεκός· ἓν γὰρ τὸ ἀγαθὸν πολλὰ δὲ τὰ αἰσχρὰ, καὶ ἓν ἡ ἀλήθεια πολλὰ δὲ τὰ ψευδῆ, καὶ ἓν ἡ ἀληθὴς δικαιοσύνη, πολλαὶ δὲ ἕξεις ταύτην ὑποκρίνονται, καὶ ἓν ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ σοφία, πολλαὶ δὲ αἱ καταργούμεναι «τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου» καὶ «τῶν ἀρχόν των τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου,» καὶ εἷς μὲν ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος, πολλοὶ δὲ οἱ ἀλλότριοι τοῦ θεοῦ. διὰ τοῦτο οὐδεὶς ἐκφεύξεται «ἁμαρτίαν» «ἐκ πολυλογίας,» καὶ οὐδεὶς δοκῶν «ἐκ πολυλογίας» εἰσακουσθήσεσθαι εἰσακούεσθαι δύναται. διόπερ οὐχ ὁμοιωτέον ἐστὶ τὰς εὐχὰς ἡμῶν τοῖς ἐθνικοῖς βαττολογοῦσιν ἢ πολυλογοῦσιν ἢ ὅ τι δή ποτε πράττουσι «κατὰ τὴν ὁμοίωσιν τοῦ ὄφεως»· «οἶδε γὰρ» ὁ τῶν ἁγίων θεὸς, «πατὴρ» ὢν, «ὧν χρείαν» ἔχουσιν οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ, ἐπεὶ ἄξια τυγχάνει τῆς πατρικῆς γνώσεως. εἰ δέ τις ἀγνοεῖ τὸν θεὸν, καὶ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἀγνοεῖ, ἀγνοεῖ δὲ τὰ «ὧν χρείαν» ἔχει· διημαρτη μένα γάρ ἐστι τὰ «ὧν χρείαν» ἔχειν νομίζει· ὁ δὲ τεθεωρηκὼς ὧν ἐστιν ἐνδεὴς κρειττόνων καὶ θειοτέρων, γινωσκομένων ὑπὸ θεοῦ τεύξεται ὧν τεθεώρηκε καὶ ἐγνωσμένων τῷ πατρὶ καὶ πρὸ τῆς αἰ τήσεως. τούτων δὴ εἰς τὰ πρὸ τῆς ἐν τῷ κατὰ Ματθαῖον εὐχῆς εἰρημένων, ἤδη θεασώμεθα καὶ τὰ δηλούμενα ἀπὸ τῆς εὐχῆς. 22.1 «0Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς20.» ἄξιον ἐπιμε λέστερον ἐπιτηρῆσαι τὴν λεγομένην παλαιὰν διαθήκην, εἰ ἔστι που εὑρεῖν ἐν αὐτῇ εὐχήν τινος λέγοντος τὸν θεὸν 20πατέρα20· ἐπὶ γὰρ τοῦ παρόντος κατὰ δύναμιν ἐξετάσαντες οὐχ εὕρομεν. οὐ τοῦτο δέ φαμεν, ὅτι ὁ