APPENDIX ANNOUNCEMENT MADE BY THE SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE COUNCIL AT THE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY THIRD GENERAL CONGREGATION 16 NOVEMBER, 1964

A query has been made as to what is the theological qualification to be attached to the teaching put forward in the schema The Church, on which a vote is to be taken.

The doctrinal commission has replied to this query in appraising the modi proposed to the third chapter of the schema The Church:

As is self-evident, the conciliar text is to be interpreted in accordance with the general rules which are known to all. On this occasion the doctrinal commission referred to its Declaration of 6 March, 1964, which we reproduce here:

Taking into account conciliar practice and the pastoral purpose of the present council, the sacred synod defined as binding on the Church only those matters of faith and morals which it has expressly put forward as such.

Whatever else it proposes as the teaching of the supreme magisterium of the Church is to be acknowledged and accepted by each and every member of the faithful according to the mind of the Council which is clear from the subject matter and its formulation, following the norms of theological interpretation.

The following explanatory note prefixed to the modi of chapter three of the schema The Church is given to the Fathers, and it is according to the mind and sense of this note that the teaching contained in chapter three is to be explained and understood.

The commission has decided to preface its assessment of the modi with the following general observations.

1. The word College is not taken in the strictly juridical sense, that is as a group of equals who transfer their powers to their chairman, but as a permanent body whose form and authority is to be ascertained from revelation. For this reason it is explicitly said about the twelve apostles in the reply to modus 12 that Our Lord constituted them "as a college or permanent group" (cf. modus 53, c). In the same way the words Order or Body are used at other times for the college of bishops. The parallel between Peter and the apostles on the one hand and the Pope and the bishops on the other does not imply the transmission of the extraordinary power of the apostles to their successors, nor obviously does it imply equality between the head and members of the college, but only a proportion between the two relationships: Peter--apostles and pope--bishops. And therefore the commission decided to write in Art. 22 not "in the same manner" (eadem ratione) but "in like manner" (pari ratione).

2. A man becomes a member of the college through episcopal consecration and hierarchical communion with the head of the college and its members (cf. art. 22, end of par. 1).

It is the unmistakable teaching of tradition, including liturgical tradition, that an ontological share in the sacred functions is given by consecration. The word function is deliberately used in preference to powers which can have the sense of power ordered to action. A canonical or juridical determination through hierarchical authority is required for such power ordered to action. A determination of this kind can come about through appointment to a particular office or the assignment of subjects, and is conferred according to norms approved by the supreme authority. The need for a further norm follows from the nature of the case, because it is a question of functions to be discharged by more than one subject, who work together in the hierarchy of functions intended by Christ. "Communion" of this kind was in fact a feature abiding in the varying circumstances of the life of the Church through the ages, before it was endorsed and codified by law.

For this reason it is expressly stated that hierarchical communion with the head and members is required. The idea of communion was highly valued in the early Church, as indeed it is today especially in the East. It is not to be understood as some vague sort of goodwill, but as something organic which calls for a juridical structure as well as being enkindled by charity. The commission, therefore, agreed, almost unanimously, on the wording "in hierarchical communion" (cf. modus 40 and the statements about canonical mission in art.24).

The documents of recent Popes dealing with episcopal jurisdiction are to be interpreted as referring to this necessary determination of powers.

3. There is no such thing as the college without its head: it is "The subject of supreme and entire power over the whole Church." This much must be acknowledged lest the fullness of the Pope's power be jeopardized. The idea of college necessarily and at all times involves a head and in the college the head preserves intact his function as Vicar of Christ and pastor of the universal Church. In other words it is not a distinction between the Roman Pontiff and the bishops taken together but between the Roman Pontiff by himself and the Roman Pontiff along with the bishops. The Pope alone, in fact, being head of the college, is qualified to perform certain actions in which the bishops have no competence whatsoever, for example, the convocation and direction of the college, approval of the norms of its activity, and so on (cf. modus 18). It is for the Pope, to whom the care of the whole flock of Christ has been entrusted, to decide the best manner of implementing this care, either personal or collegiate, in order to meet the changing needs of the Church in the course of time. The Roman Pontiff undertakes the regulation, encouragement, and approval of the exercise of collegiality as he sees fit.

4. The Pope, as supreme pastor of the Church, may exercise his power at any time, as he sees fit, by reason of the demands of his office. But as the Church's tradition attests, the college, although it is always in existence, is not for that reason continually engaged in strictly collegiate activity. In other words it is not always "in full activity" (in actu pleno); in fact it is only occasionally that it engages in strictly collegiate activity and that only with the consent of the head (nonnisi consentiente capite). The phrase with the consent of the head is used in order to exclude the impression of dependence on something eternal: but the word "consent" entails communion between head and members and calls for this action which is exclusive to the head. The point is expressly stated in art. 22, par. 2 and it is explained at the end of the same article. The negative formulation "only with" (nonnisi) covers all cases: consequently it is evident that the norms approved by the supreme authority must always be observed (cf. modus 84).

Clearly it is the connection of bishops with their head that is in question throughout and not the activity of bishops independently of the Pope. In a case like that, in default of the Pope's action, the bishops cannot act as a college, for this is obvious from the idea of "college" itself. This hierarchical communion of all bishops with the Pope is unmistakably hallowed by tradition.

ENDNOTES

CHAPTER I--The Mystery of the Church

1. Cfr. S. Cyprianus, Epist. 64, 4: PL 3, 1017. CSEL (Hartel), III B, p. 720. S. Hilarius Pict., In Mt. 23, 6: PL 9, 1047. S. Augustinus, passim. S. Cyrillus Alex., Glaph. in Gen. 2, 10: PG 69, 110 A.

2. Cfr. S. Gregorius M., Hom. in Evang. 19, 1: PL 76, 1154 B. S. Augustinus, Serm. 341, 9, 11: PL 39, 1499 s. S. Io. Damascenus, Adv. Iconocl. 11: PG 96, 1357.

3. Cfr. S. Irenaeus, Adv. Haer, III, 24, 1: PG 7, 966 B; Harvey 2, 131; ed. Sagnard, Sources Chr., p. 398.

4. S. Cyprianus, De Orat. Dom. 23: PL 4, 553; Hartel, III A, p. 285. S. Augustinus, Serm. 71, 20, 33: PL 38, 463 s. S. Io. Damascenus, Adv. Iconocl. 12: PG 96, 1358 D.

5. Cfr. Origenes, In Matth. 16, 21: PG 13, 1443 C; Tertullianus, Adv. Marc. 3, 7: PL 2, 357 C; CSEL 47, 3 p. 386. Pro documentis liturgicis, cfr. Sacramentarium Gregorianum: PL 78, 160 B. Vel C. Mohlberg, Liber Sacramentorum Romanae ecclesiae, Rome 1960, p. 111, XC:. Deus, qui ex omni coaptacione sanctorum aeternum tibi condis habitaculum..... Hymnus Urbs Ierusalem beata in Breviario monastico, et Coelestis urbs Ierusalem in Breviario Romano.

6. Cfr. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. III, q. 62, a. 5, ad 1.

7. Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. i Corporis, 29 iun. 1943: AAS 35 (1943), p. 208.

8. Cfr. Leo XIII, Epist. Encycl. Divinum illud, 9 maii 1897: AAS 29 (1896-97) p. 650. Pius XII, Litt. Encyl. i Corporis, 1. c., pp. 219-220; Denz. 2288 (3808). S. Augustinus, Serm. 268, 2: PL 38, 1232, et alibi. S. Io. Chrysostomus, In Eph. Hom. 9, 3: PG 62, 72. Didymus Alex., Trin. 2, 1: PG 39, 449 s. S. Thomas, In Col. 1, 18, lect. 5; ed. Marietti, II, n. 46:. Sicut constituitur unum corpus ex unitate animae, ita Ecclesia ex unitate Spiritus...".

9. Leo XIII, Litt. Encycl. Sapientiae christianae, 10 ian. 1890

AAS 22 (1889-90) P. 392. Id., Epist. Encycl. Satis cognitum, 29 iun. 1896; AAS 28 (1895-96) PP. 710 et 724 ss. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. i Corporis, 1. c., pp. 199-200.

10. Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. i Corporis, 1. c., p. 221 SS. Id. , Litt. Encycl. Humani generis, 12 aug. 1950: AAS 42 (1950) P. 571.

11. Leo XIII, Epist. Encycl. Satis cognitum, 1. c., p. 713.

12. Cfr. Symbolum Apostolicum: Denz. 6-9 (10-13); Symb. Nic.-Const.: Denz. 86 (150); coll. Prof. fidei Trid.: Denz. 994 et 999 (1862 et 1868).

13. Dicitur "Sancta (catholica apostolica) Romana Ecclesia ": in Prof. fidei Trid., 1. c. et Concl. Vat. I, Sess. III, Const. dogm. de fide cath.: Denz. 1782 (3001). 14. S. Augustinus, Civ. Dei, XVIII, 51, 2: PL 41, 614.

CHAPTER II--On the People of God

1. Cfr. S. Cyprianus, Epist. 69, 6: PL 3, 1142 B; Hartel 3 B, p. 754: "inseparabile unitatis sacramentum".

2. Cfr. Pius XII, Alloc. Magnificate Dominum, 2 nov. 1954: AAS 46 (1954) P. 669. Litt. Encycl. Mediator Dei, 20 nov. 1947: AAS 39 (1947) P. 55S.

3. Cfr. Pius XI, Litt. Encycl. Miserentissimus Redemptor, 8 maii 1928: AAS 20 (1928) P. 171 S. Pius XII, AIIOC. yous nous avez, 22 sept. 1956: AAS 48 (1956) P. 714.

4. Cfr. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. III, q. 63, a. 2.

5. Cfr. S. Cyrillus Hieros., Catech. 17, de Spiritu Sancto, II, 35-37: PG 33, 1009-1012. NiC. Cabasilas, De vita in Christo, lib. III, de utilitate chrismatis: PG 150, 569-580. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. III, q. 65, a. 3 et q. 72, a. 1 et 5.

6. Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. Mediator Dei, 20 nov. 1947: AAS 39 (1947), praesertim p. 552 S.

7. 1 Cor. 7, 7: "Unusquisque proprium donum (idion charisma) habet ex Deo: alius quidem sic, alius vero sic". Cfr. S. Augustinus, De Dono Persev. 14, 37: PL 45, 1015 s.: "Non tantum continentia Dei donum est, sed coniugatorum etiam castitas".

8. Cfr. S. Augustinus, De Praed. Sanct. 14, 27: PL 44, 980. N. 13

9. Cfr. S. Io. Chrysostomus, ln Io. Hom. 65, 1: PG 59, 361.

10. Cfr. S. Irenaeus, Adv. Haer. III, 16, 6; III, 22, 1-3: PG 7, 925 C- 926 A et 955 C-958 A; Harvey 2, 87 S. et 120-123; Sagnard, Ed. Sources Chret., PP. 290292 et 372 SS.

11. Cfr. S. Ignatius M., Ad Rom., Praef.: Ed. Funk, I, p. 252.

12. Cfr. S. Augustinus, Bapt. c. Donat. V, 28, 39; PL 43, 197: "Certe manifestum est, id quod dicitur, in Ecclesia intus et foris, in corde, non in corpore cogitandum ". Cfr. ib., III, 19, 26: Col. 152; V, 18, 24: Col. 189; In lo. Tr. 61, 2: PL 35, 1800, et alibi saepe.

13. Cfr. Lc. 12, 48: "Omni autem, cui multum datum est, multum quaeretur ab eo ". Cfr. etiam Mt. 5, 19-20; 7, 21-22; 25, 41-46; lac., 2, 14.

14. Cfr. Leo XIII, EPiSt. Apost. Praeclara gratulationis, 20 iun. 1894; ASS 26 (1893-94) P. 707.

15. Cfr. Leo XIII, Epist. Encycl. Satis cognitum, 29 iun. 1896: ASS 28 (1895-96) P. 738. Epist. Encycl. Caritatis studium, 25;iul. 1898: ASS 31 (1898-99) P. 11. Pius XII, Nuntius radioph. Nell'alba, 24 dec. 1941: ASS 34 (1942) P. 21.

16. Cfr. Pius XI, Litt. Encycl. Rerum Orientalium, 8 sept. 1 928: AAS 20 (1928) P. 287. PiUS XII, Litt. Encycl Orientalis Ecclesiae, 9 apr. 1944: AAS 36 (1944) P. 137.

17. Cfr. Inst. S.S.C.S. Officii, 20 dec. 1949: AAS 42 (1950) P. 142.

18. Cfr. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. III, q. 8, a. 3, ad 1.

19. Cfr. Epist. S.S.C.S. Officii ad Archiep. Boston.: Denz. 3 86972.

20. Cfr. Eusebius Caes., Praeparatio Evangelica, 1, 1: PG 21, 28 AB.

21. Cfr. Benedictus XV, Epist. Apost. Maximum illud: AAS 11 (1919) P. 440, praesertim p. 451 ss. Pius XI, Litt. Encycl. Rerum Ecclesiae: -AAS 18 (1926) P. 6869. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. Fidei Donum, 21 apr. 1957: AAS 49 (1957) PP. 236-237.

22. Cfr. Didache, 14: ed. Funk, I, P. 32. S. Iustinus, Dial. 41: PG 6, 564. S. Irenaeus, Adv. Haer. IV, 17, 5; PG 7, 1023; Harvey, 2, p. 199 s. Conc. Trid., Sess. 22, cap. 1; Denz. 939 (1742).

CHAPTER III--On the Hierarchical Structure of the Church and in Particular on the Episcopate

1. Cfr. Conc. Vat. I, Sess. IV, Const. Dogm. Pastor aeternus. Denz. 1821 (3050 S.).

2. Cfr. Conc. Flor., Decretum pro Graecis: Denz. 694 (1307)

et Conc. Vat. I, ib.: Denz. 1826 (3059)

3. Cfr. Liber sacramentorum S. Gregorii, Praefatio in Cathedra S. Petri, in natali S. Mathiae et S. Thomas: PL 78, 50, 51 et 152. S. Hilarius, In Ps. 67, 10: PL 9, 450; CSEL 22, p. 286. S. Hieronymus, Adv. Iovin. 1, 26: PL 23, 247 A. S. Augustinus, In Ps. 86, 4: PL 37, 1103. S. Gregorius M., Mor. in lob, XXVIII, V: PL 76, 455-456. Primasius, Comm. in Apoc. V: PL 68, 924 BC. Paschasius Radb., In Matth. L. VIII, cap. 16: PL 120, 561 C. Cfr. Leo XIII, Epist. Et sane, 17 dec. 1888: ASS 21 (1888) p. 321.

4. Cfr. Acn 6, 2-6; 11, 30; 13, 1; 14, 23; 20, 17; 1 Thess. 5, 12-13; Phil. 1, 1; CoI. 4, 11. et passim.

5. Cfr. Act. 20, 25-27; 2 Tim. 4, 6 s. coll. c. 1 Tim. 5, 22; 2 Tim. 2, 2; Tit. 1, 5; S. Clem. Rom., Ad Cor. 44, 3; ed. Funk, I, p. 156.

6. S. Clem. Rom., Ad Cor. 44, 2;ed. Funk, I, p. 154s.

7. Cfr. Tertull., Praescr. Haer. 32; PL 2, 52 s.; S. Ignatius M., passim. 8. Cfr. Tertull., Praescr. Haer. 32; PL 2, 53.

9. Cfr. S. Irenaeus, Adv. Haer. III, 3, 1; PG 7, 848 A; Harvey 2, 8; Sagnard, p. 100 s.: "manifestatam".

10. Cfr. S. Irenaeus, Adv. Haer. III, 2, 2; PG 7, 847; Harvey 2, 7; Sagnard, p. 100: .custoditur., cfr. ib. IV, 26, 2; col. 1053, Harvey 2, 236, necnon IV, 33, 8; col. 1077; Harvey 2, 262.

11. S. Ign. M., Philad., Praef.; ed. Funk, I, p. 264.

12. S. Ign. M., Philad., 1, 1; Magn. 6, 1; Ed. Funk, I, pp. 264 et 234.

13. S. Clem. Rom., 1. c., 42, 34; 44, 3-4; 57, 1-2; Ed. Funk. I, 152, 156, 171 s. S. Ign. M., Philad. 2; Smyrn. 8; Magn. 3; Trall. 7; Ed. Funk, I, p. 265 s.; 282; 232; 246 s. etc.; S. Iustinus, Apol., 1, 65; PG 6, 428; S. Cyprianus, Epist. passim.

14. Cfr. Leo XIII, Epist. Encycl. Satis cognitum, 29;Un. 1896: ASS 28 (1895-96) P. 732.

15. Cfr. Conc. Trid., Sess. 23, Decr. de sacr. Ordinis, cap. 4; Denz. 960 (1768); Conc. Vat. I, Sess. 4, Const. Dogm. 1 De Ecclesia Christi, cap. 3: Denz. 1828 (3061). Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. i Corporis, 29 iun. 1943: ASS 35 (1943) PP. 209 et 212. Cod. Iur. Can., c. 329 1.

16. Cfr. Leo XIII, Epist. Et sane, 17 dec. 1888: ASS 21 (1888) P. 321 S.

17. S. Leo M., Serm. 5, 3: PL 54, 154.

18. Conc. Trid Sess 23, cap. 3, citat verba 2 Tim. 1, 6-7, ut demonstret Ordinem esse verum sacramentum: Denz. 959 (1766).

19. In Trad. Apost. 3, ed. Botte, Sources Chr., PP. 27-30, Episcopo tribuitur "primatus sacerdotii". Cfr. Sacramentarium Leonianum, ed. C. Mohlberg, Sacramentarium Veronense, Romae, 1955, P. 119: ."ad summi sacerdotii ministerium... Comple in sacerdotibus tuis mysterii tui summam"... Idem, Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae, Romae, 1960, PP. 121-122: "Tribuas eis, Domine, cathedram episcopalem ad regendam Ecclesiam tuam et plebem universam". Cfr. PL 78, 224.

20" Trad. Apost. 2, ed. Botte, P. 27.

21. Conc. Trid., Sess. 23, cap. 4, docet Ordinis sacramentum imprimere characterem indelebilem: Denz. 960 (1767). Cfr. Ioannes XXIII, Alloc. Iubilate Deo, 8 maii 1960: AAS 52 (1960) P. 466. Paulus VI, Homelia in Bas, Vaticana, 20 oct. 1963: AAS 55 (1963) P. 1014.

22. S. Cyprianus, Epist. 63, 14: PL 4, 386; Hartel, III B, p. 713:"Sacerdos vice Christi vere fungitur". S. Io. Chrysostomus, In 2 Tim. Hom. 2, 4: PG 62, 612: Sacerdos est. symbolon. Christi. S. Ambrosius, ln Ps. 38, 2S-26: PL 14, 1051-52: CSEL 64, 203-204. Ambrosiaster, In 1 Tim. S, 19: PL 17, 479 C et In Eph. 4, 11-12: col. 387. C. Theodorus Mops., Hom. Catech. XV, 21 et 24: ed. Tonneau, pp. 497 et 503. Hesychius Hieros., In Lev. L. 2, 9, 23: PG 93, 894 B.

23. Cfr. Eusebius, Hist. Eccl., V, 24, 10: GCS II, 1, P. 495; ed. Bardy, Sources Chr. II, P. 69, Dionysius, apud Eusebium, ib. VII, 5, 2: GCS II, 2, P. 638 S.; Bardy, II, P. 168 S. 24. Cfr. de antiquis Conciliis, Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. V, 23-24: GCS II, 1, P. 488 SS.; Bardy, Il, p. 66 SS. et. passim. Conc. Nicaenum. Can. 5: Conc. Oec. Decr. p. 7.

25. Tertullianus, De Ieiunio, 13: PL 2, 972B; CSEL 20,P.292, lin. 13-16.

26. S. Cyprianus, Epist. 56, 3: Hartel, III B, p. 650; Bayard, p. 154.

27. Cfr. Relatio officialis Zinelli, in Conc. Vat. I: Mansi 52, 1109 C.

28. Cfr. Conc. Vat. 1, Schema Const. dogm. II, de Ecclesia Christi, c. 4: Mansi 53, 310. Cfr. Relatio Kleutgen de Schemate reformato: Mansi 53, 321 B-322 B et declaratio Zinelli: Mansi 52, 1110 A. Vide etiam S. Leonem M., Serm. 4, 3: PL 54, 151 A. 29. Cfr. Cod. Iur. Can., c. 227.

30. Cfr. Conc. Vat. I, Const. Dogm. Pastor aeternus: Denz. 1821 (3050 s. ).

31. Cfr. S. Cyprianus, Epist. 66, 8: Hartel llI, 2, p. 733: "Episcopus in Ecclesia et Ecclesia in Episcopo".

32. Cfr. S. Cyprianus, Epist. 55, 24: Hartel, p. 642, line. 13: "Una Ecclesia per totum mundum in multa membra divisa". Epist. 36, 4: Hartel, p. 575, lin. 20-21.

33. Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. Fidei Donum, 21 apr. 1957: AAS 49 (1957) p. 237.

34. Cfr. S. Hilarius Pict., In Ps. 14, 3: PL 9, 206; CSEL 22, p. 86. - S. Gregorius M., Moral, 1V, 7, 12: PL 75, 643 C. Ps.Basilius, In Is. 15, 296: PG 30, 637 C.

35. S. Coelestinus, Epist. 18, 1-2, ad Conc. Eph.: PL S0, S05 AB; Schwartz, Acta Conc. Oec. I, 1, 1, p. 22. Cfr. Benedictus XV, Epist. Apost. Maximum illud: AAS 11 (1919) p. 440, Pius XI. Litt. Encycl. Rerum Ecclesiae, 28 febr. 1926: AAS 18 (1926) p. 69. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. Fidei Donum, 1. c.

36. Leo XIII, Litt. Encycl. Grande munus, 30 sept. 1880: ASS 13 (1880) p. 145. Cfr. Cod. Iur. Can., c. 1327; c. 1350 2.

37. De iuribus Sedium patriarchalium, cfr. Conc. Nicaenum, can. 6 de Alexandria et Antiochia, et can. 7 de Hierosolymis: Conc. Oec. Decr., p. 8. - Conc. Later. IV, anno 1215, Constit. V: De dignitate Patriarcharum: ibid. p. 212.Conc. Ferr.-Flor.: ibid. p. 504.

38. Cfr. Cod. Iuris pro Eccl. Orient., c. 216-314: de Patriarchis; c. 324-399: de Archiepiscopis maioribus; c. 362-391: de aliis dignitariis; in specie, c. 238 3; 216; 240; 251; 255: de Episcopis a Patriarcha nominandis.

39. Cfr. Conc. Trid., Decr. de reform., Sess. V, c. 2, n. 9; et Sess. XXlV, can. 4; Conc. Oec. Decr. pp. 645 et 739.

40. Cfr. Conc. Vat. I, Const. dogm. Dei Filius, 3: Denz. 1712 (3011). Cfr. nota adiecta ad Schema I de Eccl. (desumpta ex. S. Rob. Bellarmino) : Mansi 5 1, 579 C; necnon Schema reformatum Const. lI de Ecclesia Christi, cum commentario Kleutgen: Mansi 53, 313 AB. Pius IX, Epist. Tuas libenter: Denz. 1683 (2879).

41. Cfr. Cod. Iur. Can., c. 1322-1323.

42. Cfr. Conc. Vat. I, Const. dogm. Pastor Aeternus: Denz. 1839 (3074).

43 Cfr. explicatio Gasser in Conc. Vat. I: Mansi 52, 1213 AC.

44. Gasser, ib.: Mansi 1214 A.

45. Gasser, ib.: Mansi 1215 CD, 1216-1217 A.

46. Gasser, ib.: Mansi 1213.

47. Conc. Vat. I, Const. dogrn. Pastor A eternus, 4: Denz. 1836 (3070).

48. Oratio consecrationis episcopalis in ritu byzantino: Euchologion to mega, Romae, 1873, p. 139.

49. Cfr. S. Ignatius M. Smyrn 8, 1: ed. Funk, I, p. 282.

50. Cfr. Act. 8, 1; 14, 22-23; 20, 17, et passim.

51. Oratio mozarabica: PL 96, 759 B.

52. Cfr. S. Ignatius M., Smyrn 8, 1: ed. Funk, I, p. 282.

53. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. III,q.73,a.3.

54. Cfr. S. Augustinus, C. Faustum, 12, 20: PL 42, 265; Serm. 57, 7: PL 38, 389, etc.

55. S. Leo M., Serm. 63, 7: PL 54, 357 C.

56. Traditio Apostolica Hippolyti, 2-3: ed. Botte, pp. 26-30.

57. Cfr. textus examinis in initio consecrationis episcopalis, et Oratio in fine Missae eiusdem consecrationis, post Te Deum.

58. Benedictus XIV, Br. Romana Ecclesia, 5 oct. 1752, par. 1: Bullarium Benedicti XIV, t. IV, Romae, 1758, 21: "Episcopus Christi typum gerit, Eiusque munere fungitur". Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. i Corporis, 1. c., p. 211: "Assignatos sibi greges singuli singulos Christi nomine pas et regunt".

59. Leo XIII, Epist. Encycl. Satis cognitum, 29 iun. 1896: ASS 28 (1895- 96) p. 732. Idem, Epist. Officio sanctissimo, 22 dec. 1887:

ASS 20 (1887) p. 264. Pius IX, Litt. Apost. ad Episcopos Germaniae, 12 mart. 187S, et Alloc. Consist., 15 mart 1875: Denz. 3112-3117, in nova ed. tantum.

60. Conc. Vat. I, Const. dogm. Pastor aeternus, 3: Denz. 1828 (3061). Cfr. Relatio Zinelli: Mansi 52, 1114 D.

61. Cfr. S. Ignatius M., Ad Ephes. 5, 1: cd.Funk,I,p.216.

62. Cfr. S. Ignatius M., Ad Ephes.6, 1: ed.Funk,I,p.218.

63. Cfr. Conc. Trid., Sess. 23, De sacr. Ordinis, cap. 2: Denz. 958 (1765 ), et can. 6: Denz. 966 (1776).

64. Cfr. Innocentius I, Epist. ad Decentium: PL 20, 554 A; Mansi 3, 1029; Denz. 98 (215): "Presbyteri, licet secundi sint sacerdotes, pontificatus tamen apicem non habent". S. Cyprianus, Epist. 61, 3: ed. Hartel, p. 696.

65. Cfr. Conc. Trid., 1. c., Denz. 956a-968 (1763-1778), et in specie can. 7: Denz. 967 (1777). Pius XII, Const. Apost. Sacramentum Ordinis: Denz. 2301 (3857-61).

66. Cfr. Innocentius I, 1. c. - S. Gregorius Naz., Apol. II, 22: PG 35, 432 B. Ps.-Dionysius, Eccl. Hier., 1, 2: PG 3, 372 D.

67. Cfr. Conc. Trid., Sess. 22: Denz. 940 (1743). Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. Mediator Dei, 20 nov. 1947: AAS 39 (1947) p. 553; Denz. 2300 (3850).

68. Cfr. Conc. Trid. Sess. 22: Denz. 938 (1739-40). Conc. Vat. II, Const. De Sacra Liturgia, n. 7 et n. 47.

69. Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. Mediator Dei, 1. c., sub. n. 67.

70. Cfr. S. Cyprianus, Epist. 11, 3: PL 4, 242 B; Hartel, II, 2, p. 497.

71. Ordo consecrationis sacerdotalis, in impositione vestimentorum.

72. Ordo consecrationis sacerdotalis, in praefatione.

73. Cfr. S. Ignatius M. Philad. 4: ed. Funk, I, p. 266. S. Cornelius apud S. Cyprianum, Epist. 48, 2: Hartel, III, 2, P. 610.

74. Constitutiones Ecclesiae aegyptiacae, III, 2: ed. Funk, Didascalia, II, P. 103. Statuta Eccl. Ant. 3741: Mansi 3, 954.

(75) S. Polycarpus, Ad Phil. 5, 2: ed. Funk, I, p. 300: Christus dicitur "omnium diaconus factus". Cfr. Didache, 15, 1:;b., P. 32. S. Ignatius M. Trall. 2, 3: ib., P. 242. Constitutiones Apostolorum, 8, 28, 4: ed. Funk, Didascalia, I, p. 530.

CHAPTER IV--The Laity

1. S. Augustinus, Serm. 340, 1: PL 38, 1483.

2. Cfr. Pius XI, Litt. Encycl. Quadragesimo anno, 15 maii 1 93 1: AAS 23 (1931) P. 221 S. Pius XII, Alloc. De quelle consolation, 14 Oct.1951: AAS 43 (1951) P. 790 s.

3. Cfr. Pius XII, Alloc. Six ans se sont ecoule's, 5 oct. 1957: AAS 49 (1957) P. 927. De "mandato" et missione canonica, cfr. Decretum De Apostolatu laicorum, cap. IV, n. 16, cum notis 12 et 15.

4. Ex Praefatione festi Christi Regis.

5. Cfr. Leo XIII, Epist. Encycl. Immortale Dei, 1 nov. 1885: ASS 18 (1885) P. 166 SS. Idem, Litt. Encyci. Sapientiae christianae, 10 ian 1890: ASS 22 (1889-90) P. 397 SS. PiUS XII, Alloc. Alla vostra filiale. 23 mart. 1958: AAS 50 (1958) P. 220: "la legittima sana laicita dello Stato".

6. Cod. Iur. Can., can. 682.

7. Cfr. Pius XII, Alloc. De quelle consolation, 1. c., p. 789: "Dans les batailles decisives, c'est parfois du front que partent les plus heureuses initiatives...". Idem, Alloc. L'im portance de la presse catholique, 17 febr. 1950: AAS 42 (1950) P. 256.

8. Cfr. I Thess. 5, 19 et I lo. 4, 1.

9. Epist. ad Diognetum, 6: ed. Funk, I, P. 400. Cfr. S. Io. Chrysostomus, In Matth. Hom. 46 (47), 2: PG 58, 478, de fermento in massa.

CHAPTER V--The Universal Call to Holiness in The Church 1. Missale Romanum, Gloria in excelsis. Cfr. Lc. 1, 35; Mc. 1, 24; Lc. 4, 34; Mc. 1:24; Io. 6, 69 (ho hagios tou Theou); Act. 3, 14; 4, 27 et 30; Hebr. 7,

26; 1 lo. 2, 20; Apoc. 3, 7.

2. Cfr. Origenes, Comm. Rom. 7, 7: PG 14, 1122 B. Ps.-Macarius, De Oratione, 11: PG 34, 861 AB. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. II-II, q. 184, a. 3.

3. Cfr. S. Augustinus, Retract. II, 18: PL 32, 637 S. - Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. i Corporis, 29 iun. 1943: AAS 35 (1943) P. 225.

4. Cfr. Pius XI, Litt. Encycl. Rerum omnium, 26 ian. 1923: AAS 15 (1923) P. 50 et pp. 59-60. Litt. Encycl. Casti Connubii, 31 dec. 1930: AAS 22 (1930) P. 548. Pius XII, Const. Apost. Provida Mater, 2 febr. 1947: AAS 39 (1947) p. 117. Alloc. Annus sacer, 8 dec. 1950: AAS 43 (1951) PP. 27- 28. ALLOC. Nel darvi, 1 iul. 1956: AAS 48 (1956) P. 574s.

5. Cfr. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. II-II, q. 184, a. 5 et 6. De perf. vitae spir., c. 18. Origenes, In Is. Hom. 6, 1: PG 13, 239.

6. Cfr. S. Ignatius M., Magn. 13, 1: ed. Funk, I, p. 241.

7. Cfr. S. Pius X, Exhort. Haerent animo, 4 aug. 1908: ASS 41 (1908) p. 560 s. Cod. lur. Can., can. 124. Pius XI, Litt. Encycl. Ad catholici sacerdotii, 20 dec. 1935: AAS 28 (1936) p. 22 s.

8. Ordo consecrationis sacerdotalis, in Exhortatione initiali.

9. Cfr. S. Ignatius M., Trall. 2, 3: ed. Funk, I, p. 244.

10. Cfr. Pius XII, Alloc. Sous la maternelle protection, 9 dec. 1957: AAS 50 (1958) p. 36.

11. Pius XI, Litt. Encycl. Casti Connubii, 31 dec. 1930: AAS 22 (1930) p. 548 s. Cfr. S. Io Chrysostomus, In Ephes. Hom. 20, 2: PG 62, 136 ss.

12. Cfr. S. Augustinus, Enchir. 121, 32: PL 40, 288. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. II-II, q. 184, a. 1. Pius XII, Adhort. Apost. Menti nostrae, 23 sept. 1950: AAS 42 (1950) p. 660.

13. De consiliis in genere, cfr. Origenes, Comm. Rom. X, 14: PG 14, 1275 B. S. Augustinus, De S. Virginitate, 15, 15: PL 40, 403. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. I-II, q. 100, a. 2 C (in fine); II-II, q. 44, a. 4, ad 3.

14. De praestantia sacrae virginitatis, cfr. Tertullianus, Exhort. Cast. 10: PL 2, 925 C. S. Cyprianus, Hab. Virg. 3 et 22: PL 4, 443 B et 461 A s. S. Athanasius (?), De Virg.: PG 28, 252 ss. S. Io. Chrysostomus, De Virg.: PG 48, 533 ss.

15. De spirituali paupertate et oboedientia testimonia praecipua S. Scripturae et Patrum afferuntur in Reratione pp. 152-153.

16. De praxi effectiva consiliorum quae non omnibus imponitur, cfr. S. Io. Chrysostomus, In Matth. Hom. 7, 7: PG 57, 81 s. S. Ambrosius, De Viduis, 4, 23: PL 16, 241 s.

CHAPTER VI--Religious 1. Cfr. Rosweydus, Vitae Patrum, Antwerpiae, 1628. Apophtegmata Patrum: PG 6S. Palladius, Historia Lausiaca: PG 34, 995 ss.; ed. C. Butlcr, Cambridge 1898 (1904). Pius XI, Const. Apost. Umbratilcm, 8 iuli. 1924: AAS 16 (1924) pp. 386-387. Pius XII, Alloc. Nous sommes heureux, 11 apr. 1958: AAS 50 (1958) p. 283.

(2) Paulus VI, Alloc. Magno gaudio, 23 maii 1964: AAS 56 (1964) P. 566.

3. Cfr. Cod. Iur. Can., c. 487 et 488, 4. PIUS XII, Alloc. Annus sacer, 8 deC. 1950: AAS 43 (1951) P. 27 S. Pius XII, Cons. Apost. Provida Mater, 2 febr. 1947: AAS 39 (1947) P. 120 SS.

4. Paulus VI, 1. c., p. 567.

5. Cfr. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. II-II, q. 184, a. 3 et q. 188, a. 2. S. Bonaventura, Opusc. XI, Apologia Pauperum, c. 3, 3: ed. Opera, Quaracchi, t. 8, 1898, p. 245 a.

6. Cfr. Conc. Vat. I. Schema De Ecclesia Christi, cap. XV, et Adnot. 48: Mansi 51, 549 S. et 619 S. - Leo XIII, Epist. Au milieu des consolations, 23 dec. 1900: ASS 33 (1900-01) P. 361. Pius XII, Const. Apost. Provida Mater, 1. c., P. 114 s.

7. Cfr. Leo XIII, Const. Romanos Pontifices, 8 maii 1881: ASS 13 (1880- 81 ) P. 483. Pius XII, ALLOC. Annus sacer, 8 dec. 1950: AAS 43 (1951) P. 28 s.

8. Cfr. Pius XII, Alloc. Annus sacer, 1. c., p. 28. Pius XII, Const. Apost. Sedes Sapientiae, 31 maii 1956: AAS 48 (1956) P. 355. Paulus VI, 1. c., pp. 570-571.

9. Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. i Corporis, 29 iun. 1943: AAS 35 (1943) P. 214 s.

10. Cfr. Pius XII, Alloc. Annus sacer, 1. c., p. 30. ALLOC. Sous la maternelle protection, 9 dec. 1957: AAS SO (1958) P. 39 S.

CHAPTER VII--The Eschatological Nature of the Pilgrim Church and Its Union with the Church in Heaven

1. Conc. Florentinum, Decretum pro Graecis: Denz. 693 (1305).

2. Praeter documenta antiquiora contra quamlibet formam evocationis spirituum inde ab Alexandro IV (27 sept. 1258), cfr Encycl. S.S.C.S. Officii, De magne tismi abusu, 4 aug. 1856: ASS (1865) PP. 177-178, Denz. 1653-1654 (2823-2825); responsionem S.S.C.S. Offici, 24 apr. 1917: AAS 9 (1917) P. 268, Denz. 2182 (3642). 3. Videatur synthetica expositio huius doctrinae paulinae in: Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. i Corporis: AAS 35 (1943) P. 200 et passim

4. Cfr., i. a., S. Augustinus; Enarr. in Ps. 85, 24: PL 37, 1099. S. Hieronymus, Liber contra Vigilantium, 6: PL 23, 344. S. Thomas, In 4m Sent., d. 45, q. 3, a. 2. S. Bonaventura, In 4m Sent., d. 45, a. 3, q. 2; etc.

5. Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. i Corporis: AAS 35 (1943) p. 245. 6. Cfr. Plurimae inscriptiones in Catacumbis romanis.

7. Cfr. Gelasius I, Decretalis De libris recipiendis, 3: PL 59, 160, Denz. 165 (353).

8. Cfr. S. Methodius, Symposion, VII, 3: GCS (Bonwetsch), P. 74.

9. Cfr. Benedictus XV, Decretum approbationis virtutum in Causa beatificationis et canonizationis Servi Dei loannis Nepomuceni Neumann: AAS 14 (1922) P. 23; plures Allocutiones Pii XI de Sanctis: Inviti all'eroismo. Discorsi... t. I-III, Romae 1941-1942, passim; Pius XII, Discorsi e Radiomessaggi. t. I0, 1949, PP. 37-43.

10. Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. Mediator Dei: AAS 39 (1947) P. 581.

11. Cfr. Hebr. 13, 7: Eccli. 44-50; Hebr. 1 1, 340. Cfr. etiam Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. Mediator Dei: AAS 39 (1947) PP. 582 583.

12. Cfr. Conc. Vaticanum I, Const. De fide catholica, cap. 3: Denz. 1794 (3013).

13. Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. i Corporis: AAS 35 (1943) p. 216.

14. Quoad gratitudinem erga ipsos Sanctos, cfr. E. Diehl, Inscriptiones latinae christianae veteres, I, Berolini, 1925, nn. 2008, 2382 et passim.

15. Conc. Tridentinum, Sess. 25, De invocatione... Sanctorum: Denz. 984 (1821).

16. Breviarium Romanum, Invitatorium in festo Sanctorum Omnium.

17. Cfr. v. g., 2 Thess. 1, 10.

18. Conc. Vaticanum II, Const De Sacra Liturgia, cap. 5, n. 104.

19. Canon Missae Romanae. N. 51

20. Conc. Nicaenum II, Act. VII: Denz. 302 (600).

21. Conc. Florentinum, Decretum pro Graecis: Denz. 693 (1304).

22. Conc. Tridentinum, Sess. 35, De invocatione, veneratione et reliquiis Sanctorum et sacris imaginibus: Denz. 984-988 (1821-1824); Sess. 25, Decretum de Purgatorio: Denz. 983 (1820); Sess. 6, Decretum de iustificatione, can. 30: Denz. 840 (1580).

23. Ex Praefatione, aliquibus dioecesibus concessa.

24. Cfr. S. Petrus Canisius, Catechismus Maior seu Summa Doctrinae christianae, cap. III (ed. crit. F. Streicher), pas I, pp. 15-16, n. 44 et pp. 100-101, n. 49.

25. Cfr. Conc. Vaticanum II, Const. De Sacra Liturgia, cap. 1, n. 8.

CHAPTER VIII--The Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God in the Mystery of Christ and the Church

1. Credo in Missa Romana: Symbolum Constantinopolitanum: Mansi 3, 566. Cfr. Conc. Ephesinum, ib. 4, 1130 (necnon ib. 2, 665 et 4, 1071); Conc. Chalcedonense, ib. 7, 111-116; Conc. Constantinopolitanum II, ib. 9, 375-396. 2. Canon Missae Romanae. N. 53

3. S. Augustinus, De S. Virginitate, 6: PL 40, 399.

4. Cfr. Paulus Pp. VI, Allocutio in Concilio, die 4 dec. 1963: AAS 56 (1964)P.37.

5. Cfr. S. Germanus Const., Hom. in Annunt. Deiparae: PG 98, 328 A; In Dorm. 2: col. 357. Anastasius Antioch., Serm. 2 de Annunt., 2: PG 89, 1377 AB; Serm. 3, 2: col. 1388 C. - S. Andreas Cret., Can. in B. V. Nat. 4: PG 97, 1321 B. In B. V. Nat., 1: col. 812 A. Hom. in dorm. 1: col. 1068 C. - S. Sophronius, Or. 2 in Annunt., 18: PG 87 (3), 3237 BD.

6. S. Irenaeus, Adv. Haer. III, 12, 4: PG 7, 959 A; Harvey, 2, 23.

7. S. Irenaeus, ib.; Harvey, 2, 24.

8. S. Epiphanius, Haer. 78, 18: PG 42, 728 CD - 729 AB.

9. S. Hieronymus, Epist. 22, 21: PL 22, 408. Cfr. S. Augustinus, Serm. 51, 2, 3: PL 38, 335; Serm. 232, 2: col. 1108. - S. Cyrillus Hieros., Catech. 12, 15: PG 33, 741 AB. - S. IO. Chrysostomus, In Ps. 44, 7: PG 55, 193. - S. Io. Damascenus, Hom. 2 in dorm. B.M.V.,3: PG 96,728.

10 Cfr. Conc. Lateranense anni 649, Can. 3: Mansi 10, 1151.S. Leo M., Epist. ad Flav.: PL 54, 759. - Conc. Chalcedonense: Mansi 7, 462. - S. Ambrosius, De inst. virg.: PL 16, 320.

11. Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. Uystici Corporis, 29 iun. 1943: AAS 35 (1943) PP. 247-248.

12. Cfr. Pius IX, Bulla Ineffabilis, 8 dec. 1854: Acta Pii IX, 1, I, p. 616; Denz. 1641 (2803).

13. Cfr. Pius XII, Const. Apost. Munificentissimus, 1 nov. 1950: AAS 42 (1950); Denz. 2333 (3903). Cfr. S. Io. Damascenus, Enc. in dorm. Dei genitricis, Hom. 2 et 3: PG 96, 721-761, speciatim col. 728 B. - S. Germanus Constantinop., In S. Dei gen. dorm. Serm. 1: PG 98 (6), 340- 348; Serm. 3: col. 361. - S. Modestus Hier., In dorm. SS. Deiparae: PG 86 (2), 3277-3312.

14. Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. Ad coeli Reginam, 11 oct. 1954: AAS 46 (1954), PP. 633-636; Denz. 3913. SS. Cfr. S. Andreas Cret., Hom. 3 in dorm. SS. Deiparae: PG 97, 1089-1109. - S. Io. Damascenus, De fide orth. , IV, 14: PG 94, 1153-1161.

15. Cfr. Kleutgen, textus reformatus De mysterio Verbi incarnati, cap. IV: Mansi 53, 290. Cfr. S. Andreas Cret., In nat. Mariae, sermo 4: PG 97, 865 A. - S. Germanus Constantinop., In annunt. Deiparae: PG 98, 321 BC. In dorm. Deiparae, III: col. 361 D.S. Io. Damascenus, In dorm. B. V. Mariae, Hom. 1, 8: PG 96, 712 BC - 713 A.

16. Cfr. Leo XIII, Litt. Encycl. Adiutricem populi, 5 sept. 1895: ASS 15 (1895-96), P. 303. - S. PiUS X, Litt. Encycl. Ad diem illum, 2 febr. 1904: Acta, I, p. 154; Denz. 1978 a (3370). - Pius XI, Litt. Encycl. Miserentissimus, 8 maii 1928: AAS 20 (1928) P. 178. Pius XII, Nuntius Radioph., 13 maii 1946: AAS 38 (1946) P. 266.

17. S. Ambrosius, Epist. 63: PL 16, 1218. 18. S. Ambrosius, Expos. Lc. II, 7: PL 15, 1555.

19. Cfr. Ps.-Petrus Dam., Serm. 63: PL 144, 861 AB. - Godefridus a S. Victore. In nat. B. M., Ms. Paris, Mazarine, 1002, fol. 109 r. - Gerhohus Reich., De gloria et honore Filii hominis, 10: PL 194,1105AB.

20. S. Ambrosius, l. c. et Expos. Lc. X, 24-25: PL 15, 1810. - S. Augustinus, In lo. Tr. 13, 12: PL 35, 1499. Cfr. Serm. 191, 2, 3: PL 38, 1010; etc. Cfr. etiam Ven. Beda, In Lc. Expos. I, cap. 2: PL 92, 330. - Isaac de Stella, Serm. 51: PL 194, 1863 A.

21. Sub tuum praesidium.

22. Conc. Nicaenum II, anno 787: Mansi 13, 378-379; Denz. 302 (600-601) .conc. Trident., sess. 25: Mansi 33, 171-172.

23. Cfr. Pius XII, Nuntius radioph., 24 oct. 1954: AAS 46 (1954) P. 679. Litt. Encycl. Ad coeli Reginam, 11 oct. 1954: AAS 46 (1954) P. 637.

24. Cfr. Pius XI, Litt. Encycl. Ecclesiam Dei, 12 nov. 1923: AAS 15 (1923) P. 581. - Pius XII, Litt. Encycl. Fulgens corona, 8 sept. 1953: AAS 45 (1953) PP. 590-591.