Chapter XXI.—Sabbaths were instituted on account of the people’s sins, and not for a work of righteousness.

“Moreover, that God enjoined you to keep the Sabbath, and impose on you other precepts for a sign, as I have already said, on account of your unrighteousness, and that of your fathers,—as He declares that for the sake of the nations, lest His name be profaned among them, therefore He permitted some of you to remain alive,—these words of His can prove to you: they are narrated by Ezekiel thus: ‘I am the Lord your God; walk in My statutes, and keep My judgments, and take no part in the customs of Egypt; and hallow My Sabbaths; and they shall be a sign between Me and you, that ye may know that I am the Lord your God. Notwithstanding ye rebelled against Me, and your children walked not in My statutes, neither kept My judgments to do them: which if a man do, he shall live in them. But they polluted My Sabbaths. And I said that I would pour out My fury upon them in the wilderness, to accomplish My anger upon them; yet I did it not; that My name might not be altogether profaned in the sight of the heathen. I led them out before their eyes, and I lifted up Mine hand unto them in the wilderness, that I would scatter them among the heathen, and disperse them through the countries; because they had not executed My judgments, but had despised My statutes, and polluted My Sabbaths, and their eyes were after the devices of their fathers. Wherefore I gave them also statutes which were not good, and judgments whereby they shall not live. And I shall pollute them in their own gifts, that I may destroy all that openeth the womb, when I pass through them.’53    Ezek. xx. 19–26.

[21] Καὶ ὅτι διὰ τὰς ἀδικίας ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν εἰς σημεῖον, ὡς προέφην, καὶ τὸ σάββατον ἐντέταλται ὁ θεὸς φυλάσσειν ὑμᾶς καὶ τὰ ἄλλα προστάγματα προσετετάχει, καὶ σημαίνει ὅτι διὰ τὰ ἔθνη, ἵνα μὴ βεβηλωθῇ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ παρ' αὐτοῖς, διὰ τοῦτο εἴασέ τινας ἐξ ὑμῶν ὅλως ζῶντας, αὐταὶ αἱ φωναὶ αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀπόδειξιν ποιήσασθαι δύνανται ὑμῖν. εἰσὶ δὲ εἰρημέναι διὰ τοῦ Ἰεζεκιὴλ οὕτως: Ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν: ἐν τοῖς προστάγμασί μου πορεύεσθε, καὶ τὰ δικαιώματά μου φυλάσσετε, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασιν Αἰγύπτου μὴ συναναμίγνυσθε, καὶ τὰ σάββατά μου ἁγιάζετε, καὶ ἔσται εἰς σημεῖον ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ ὑμῶν τοῦ γινώσκειν ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν. καὶ παρεπικράνατέ με, καὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν ἐν τοῖς προστάγμασί μου οὐκ ἐπορεύθησαν, καὶ τὰ δικαιώματά μου οὐκ ἐφύλαξαν τοῦ ποιεῖν αὐτά, ἃ ποιήσας αὐτὰ ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς, ἀλλὰ τὰ σάββατά μου ἐβεβήλουν. καὶ εἶπα τοῦ ἐκχέαι τὸν θυμόν μου ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τοῦ συντελέσαι ὀργήν μου ἐπ' αὐτούς, καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησα, ὅπως τὸ ὄνομά μου τὸ παράπαν μὴ βεβηλωθῇ ἐνώπιον τῶν ἐθνῶν; ἐξήγαγον αὐτοὺς κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν. καὶ ἐγὼ ἐξῆρα τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, τοῦ διασκορπίσαι ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι καὶ διασπεῖραι αὐτοὺς ἐν ταῖς χώραις, ἀνθ' ὧν τὰ δικαιώματά μου οὐκ ἐποίησαν, καὶ τὰ προστάγματά μου ἀπώσαντο, καὶ τὰ σάββατά μου ἐβεβήλουν, καὶ ὀπίσω τῶν ἐνθυμημάτων τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν ἦσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν. καὶ ἐγὼ ἔδωκα αὐτοῖς προστάγματα οὐ καλά, καὶ δικαιώματα ἐν οἷς οὐ ζήσονται ἐν αὐτοῖς: καὶ μιανῶ αὐτοὺς ἐν τοῖς δώμασιν αὐτῶν, ἐν τῷ διαπορεύεσθαί με πᾶν διανοῖγον μήτραν ὅπως ἀφανίσω.