Chapter Vi. That the Son is not inferior to the Father either in power or in operation for any work but is Equal in Might and Consubstantial with Him, as of Him and that by Nature.

19 Jesus therefore answered and said unto them, Verily verily I say unto you, the Son can do nothing of Himself, but what He seeth the Father do: for what things soever He doeth, these doeth also the Son likewise.

What we have spoken of above, this again He interprets in another way, from all quarters snaring the hearers unto finding of the truth. For the word which was not received at first, by reason of the weakness of them that could not understand, He re-forms in another way, and going through the same thoughts introduceth it manifoldly. For this too is the work of the virtue that befits a teacher, namely not to make his word rapid and speeding beyond the knowledge of the pupils, but carefully wrought and diversely fashioned and that by frequent change of expression strips off the difficulties in the things under consideration. Mingling then human with Divine, and forming one discourse of both, He as it were gently sinks the honour befitting the Only-Begotten, and raises the nature of man; as being at once Lord and reckoned among servants, He says, The Son can do nothing of Himself, but what He seeth the Father do: for what things soever He doeth, these doeth also the Son likewise. For in that He is able to do without distinction the works of God the Father and to work alike with Him That begat Him, He testifieth the identity of His Essence. For things which have the same nature with one another, will work alike: but those whose mode of being is diverse, their mode of working too will be in all respects not the same. Therefore as Very God of Very God the Father, He says that He can do these things equally with Him; but that He may appear not only Equal in Power to the Father, but likeminded in all things, and having in all things the Will One with Him, He saith that He can do nothing of Himself, but what He seeth the Father do.

Just as though He should say distinctly to those who aro trying to persecute Him for healing a man on the Sabbath day, Ye deem the honour of the Sabbath broken, but I would not have done this, had I not seen My Father do the like; for He worketh for the good order of the world on the Sabbath too, even though through Me. It is then impossible (saith He) that I, the Son of Him by Nature, should not wholly in all things work and will the works of the Father, not as though I received from without by being taught the exemplar of action, or were called by a deliberate motion to will the same with the Father, but by the laws of Uncreated Nature I mount up to Equal Counsel and Action with God the Father. For the being able to do nothing of Himself, is excellently well defined herein. And thus I deem that piously minded we ought to bring into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ, as it is written.

But perchance the opposer of the truth will disbelieve, and will make what is said the food so to say of his own ill counsel saying: "If the Son were Equal to the Father, attributing to Him no Preeminence as of necessity, by reason of the inferiority of His Own Nature, what induced Him so unconcealedly to say, that He could do nothing of Himself but what He seeth the Father do? For clearly (saith he) does He herein confess that He can do nothing at all of Himself, as knowing Him that is the Better and superior to Himself. But do thou again refute our argument."

What then is to be said to these things by us? Bold unto blasphemy is the enemy of Christ and drunken with folly he perceives it not. For one must, most excellent sir, test accurately the force of what has been said, and not dash offhand to reasonings springing from unlearning. For to what kind of equality with the Father dost thou deem it right to bring down the Son, by reason of His saying that He can do nothing of Himself, but what He seeth the Father do? Is it as not having Equality in Power that He says these things, although from the very passage under consideration one may see that the Son is Equal in Power with the Father, rather than inferior in God-befitting Might? For plainly He does not say, The Son can do nothing of Himself, except He receive Power of the Father (for this would be the part of one really weak) but, but what He seeth the Father do. But that by the sense of seeing, we are not usually called to be powerfnl, but to look at something, I suppose no one will dispute. The Son then in saying that He looketh on the works of His Father doth not shew Himself impotent, but rather a zealous Imitator, or Beholder: and how, shall be more accurately spoken of in what follows. But that through His exact and likest working, I mean in all things, He is shewn to have Equality in Power, Himself will clearly teach below, adding as of His Father, for what things soever He doeth, these (saith He) doeth also the Son likewise. How then is He inferior, Who is Eminent in equal workings with God the Father? for will the offspring of fire work ought different from fire, any change being seen in its work? how could it be so? How then will the Son work in like manner with the Father, if by reason of having inferiority He come short of equal Might with Him?

And these things were taken from the words at present under comment. But let us consider, going through other considerations also, whether the Nature of the Son admits any law of inferiority to that of the Father. Let the consideration of Power also be before us. Do they confess that the Son is God of God by Nature and verily and of the actual Essence of the Father; or do they say indeed that He is God, but blasphemously add, that He is outside of the Essence of the Father? If then they say that He is not of the Essence of the Father, He will neither be God by Nature, nor Very Son. For that which is not of God by nature, neither ought it at all to be conceived of as by nature God, nor yet Son if it be not begotten of the Essence of the Father, but they are bringing in privily to us some bastard and new god. If they do not say this, blushing at the absurdity that is in their own doctrines, but will grant that the Only-Begotten is truly of the Father, and is God by Nature and Verily: how will He be inferior to the Father, or how powerless to ought, and this not accuse the Essence of Him Who begat Him? For if it be possible that He Who is by Nature God should at all be impotent, what is to hinder the Father from being in the same case, if the Divine and Ineffable Nature once has the power of being so, and is already so manifested in the Son, according to their account? Hence then neither will the Divinity be Impassible, nor will It remain in sameness and Bliss wholly Unchangeable. But who (tell me) will endure them that hold such opinions? Who when the Scripture crieth aloud that the Son is the Lord of Hosts, will not shudder to say, that He must needs be strengthened, and is imperfect in that which of right is His alone with the Father and Holy Ghost?

But our opponent will say again, "We say, that the Father surpasses the Son in this. For the One is the First Beginner of works, as having Perfection both in Power and in the knowledge of all things: but the Son becomes first a spectator then a worker by receiving into Himself the imitation of the Father's working, in order that through the similarity of works, He too might be thought to be God. For this He teacheth us, saying that He can do nothing of Himself but what He seeth the Father do."

What art thou saying, thou all-daring? doth the Son receive into Himself the types of the Father's Working, that thereby He may be thought to be God? By learning then will He be God, not by Nature. As in us is (it may be) knowledge and art, so is in Him the Dignity, and He is rather an Artificer of the works of Deity than Very God: yet is He (I suppose) altogether other than the art that is in Him, though it be God-befitting. Him then that has passed forth of the boundaries of the Godhead, and has his glory in the art alone, how do angels in Heaven worship Him, we too worship without blame, albeit the Holy Scripture admonisheth us that we ought not to serve any apart from Him Who is truly God? for it says, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God and Him only shalt thou serve. Yet the holy multitude of Angels in particular erred not from what is befitting, but they worship the Son and serve Him with us, acknowledging Him to be God by Nature, and not by learning, as those babbling say: for they perceive not (it seems) into how great absurdities they will thence fall. For in the first place the Son will admit change and variation as from the less to the greater, albeit Himself saith through the Prophet, Behold, behold I am, and change not. The Psalmist too will surely lie in the spirit, crying out to the Son, But Thou art the Same. For He awaiteth, as those say, the Father's working at something, as a Guide and Teacher, that He may see and imitate. Then how will not such an one appear to mount up from ignorance of certain things unto knowledge thereof, and to turn from worse to better, if we reckon that knowledge of any thing-good is better than not knowing it?

Next, what additional absurdity is herein beheld? Let them tell us who introduce God as an Instructer rather than a Father, Doth the Son await the sight of His Father's works in ignorance of them, or having most perfect knowledge of them? If then they say that He awaits though He knows them, they clearly shew that He is doing something very superfluous, and the Father practising a most idle thing: for the One, as though ignorant looks at what He knows perfectly, the Other attempts to teach One Who knows: and to whom is it not evident, that such things incur the charge of the extremest absurdity? But perchance they will not say this; but will go over to the opposite alternative. For they will affirm that He awaiteth of necessity the Father working in order to learn by seeing. How then doth He know all things before they were? or how will He be true saying of Himself, Am I a God at hand, saith the Lord, and not a God afar off? Shall ought be hidden from Me? But how is it not absurd and unlearned to believe that the Spirit searcheth and knoweth the deep things of God, and to suppose that the Giver of the Spirit is in ignorance of the works of the Father and of His own Spirit, so as to come short in knowledge? For will not the Son at length lose His being Wisdom, if He be wholly ignorant and receive by learning? for He will be a recipient of wisdom, rather than Wisdom Itself by Nature. For wisdom is that which maketh wise, not that which is formed to become wise, just as light too is that which enlighteneth, not that which is formed to receive light. Therefore is He again other than the wisdom which is in Him, and in the first place He is not Simple, but compounded of two: next besides this, He will also lose the being God, I mean God by Nature and Essentially. For the Divine Nature endureth not the being taught by any at all, nor the duplication of composition, seeing It hath as Its Proper Good the being both Simple and All-Perfection. And if the Son be not God by Nature, how doth He both work and do things befitting God Alone? will they say that it suffices for Him unto God-befitting Power, only to see the Father working, and by the mere sight does He attain to being by Nature God, and to being able to do such things as He That sheweth Him doth? There is therefore nothing to hinder, but that many others too should be manifested to us as gods, if the Father be willing to shew them too the mode of His works, and the excellence of the Father's Essence will consist in learning something over and above. For He that was taught (as those say) is found to have mounted up to the dignity of the God-head by Nature, saying, I and My Father are One, He that hath seen Me hath seen the Father.

Let them weigh then how great a crowd of blasphemies is heaped up by them, from their choosing so to think, and let them think truly of the Son as it is written. For neither by contemplation of what is performed by the Father, nor yet by having Him as antecedent to Himself in actions, is the Son a Doer or Wonder-worker, and by reason hereof God: but because a certain law of Nature carries Him to the Exact Likeness of Him who begat Him, even though it shine forth and is manifested through the unceasing likeness of Their Works. But setting before us again, if you please, the verse, and testing it with more diligent scrutiny, let us consider accurately, what is the force of the words and let us now see how we must think with piety. Therefore,

Verily verily I say unto you, The Son can do nothing of Himself but what He seeth the Father do: for what things soever He doeth, these doeth also the Son likewise.

Thou seest how through the exact likeness too in the works, He sheweth Himself like in all things to the Father, that thereby He may be shewn to be Heir of His Essence also. For in that He must of necessity and incontrovertibly be conceived of as being God by Nature, Who hath Equal working with God the Father, the Saviour says thus. But let no one be offended, when He says economical, that He can do nothing of Himself but what He seeth the Father do. For in that He was now arrayed in the form of the servant and made Man by being united to flesh, He did not make His discourse free, nor altogether let loose unto God-befitting boldness, but used rather at times by an economy such discourse as befits alike God and Man. For He was really both in the same.

And this is one true word, but I think one ought again to explain what is before us in another way too, and to apply more keenly to the accurate meaning of the passage. The Son (it says) can do nothing of Himself but what He seeth the Father do. The word cannot, or impossibility, is predicated of certain things, or is applied to certain of things that are. For this being predicated we say is not indicative at all of necessity, nor of weakness; but often denotes the stability of natures and the immoveable condition of essences, in respect of what each thing mentioned either is or has been, and of what it can effect by nature and without change. But let our argument, if you please go through demonstration also. When for instance a man says that he cannot carry a piece of wood, immeasurable ^c perhaps and heavy, he predicates his innate weakness: but when another says, I being by nature a reasonable man, and born of a father by nature reasonable, cannot do anything my own and of myself, which I do not see belonging to the nature of my parent; the words "I cannot" express the stability of essence, and its inability to change into any thing but what it is. For (says he) I cannot of myself be not a reasonable creature, strengthened by increases accruing to me by nature: for I do not see the power of doing this in the nature of my father. In this way then you may hear Christ saying, The Son can do nothing of Himself but what He seeth the Father do. For do not (saith He) blame the works of the Son: for He beholding, as in His Proper Thoughts or Natural Motions, the Essence of Him That begat Him; what things He seeth That Nature befittingly work, these He doeth and none other, not being able to suffer ought contrary to His Nature, by reason of His being of It. Thus, the Nature of the Father hath the Will to compassionate: the Son seeing this inherent therein, is Compassionate as being of Him by Nature, not being able to be Other than what It is. For He hath of the Father, as Essence, so the good things too of the Essence, simply that is and uncompound as God, therefore He wisely subjoins to the former words, For what things soever He doeth, these doeth also the Son likewise: in these words collecting, so to say, the whole meaning of His being able to do nothing of Himself, but what He seeth the Father do. But by considering the cause why the Son says these things, you will apply your mind more accurately to the things spoken by us.  

When then He on the sabbath day was compassionating the paralytic, the Jews began trying to persecute Him: but Christ shames them, shewing that Grod the Father hath mercy on the sabbath day. For He did not think He ought to hinder what things were tending to our salvation. And indeed He said at the beginning, My Father worketh hitherto, and I work. But when they of their great ill-counsel shewed that they were vexed at these things, He subjoins again The Son can do nothing of Himself but what He seeth the Father do: for what things soever He doeth, these doeth also the Son likewise. For since (saith He) the Father refuseth not to have mercy on the sabbath day, I, seeing that He is altogether full of compassion, am therefore Myself too wholly compassionate, not able to cut out anew in Myself the Essence of My Father, through not appearing and being such as He is by Nature. For I wholly work what is His, as being of Him.

But the saying that the Father is antecedent in the work ⁹, is not free from the deepest unlearning. For how should He ever of Himself and alone begin, Who has the Son as the operative Power for all things, Eternally with Him, the Exponent of His Will as to ought and of His motion to operation in respect of ought. But if they uninstructedly assert that He awaits the Separate Operation of the Father for each several work, in order to imitate equally, let them shew us that the Father wrought anything separately and of Himself, or what paralytic He having first healed, hath given the deed as a pattern to His Son. 

20 For the Father loveth the Son

Those who were heedlessly blaspheming against Him by reason of the sabbath, Christ convicts of being foolishly exasperated to empty anger, making most clear proof of the matter by saying that He is loved by His Father. For if the Father wholly loveth the Son, it is plain that He loves Him not as grieving Him, but rather as gladdening Him in what He does and works. Vainly then do they persecute Him Who refuseth not to shew mercy on the sabbath, and hereby again are they found opposing the decrees of God the Father. For they think they ought to hate Him Whom He loves, but it is altogether (I suppose) manifest, that He would never have loved Him if He had gone contrary to the Will of His Father, and been accustomed to do of Himself and Alone whatsoever Himself willed. But since He justly loves, He approves, it is plain, and agrees to the breaking of the sabbath, and shews that it has nothing in respect of which God the Lord of the Law might reasonably be angry.

and sheweth Him all things that Himself doeth;

Needs does He subjoin this too to the preceding; and wherefore, I will say. Fathers who are among us, sometimes overcome by natural affection, bear with their sons grieving them, and seeing them attempt things against their judgment, they often suffer it. For vehement is the yearning love implanted in them in respect of their children persuading them to overcome all littleness of soul towards them. But not thus (saith He) does God the Father love the Son, for He cannot do anything which He too does not work by Nature, but as having One Essence with Him, He is called by certain Physical laws, so to say, to identical Will and Power. The Son then (saith He) worketh nothing contrary to what is pleasing or fitting to the Father, nor does He vaunt Himself in the love of the Father, as though a lover of novelty in His works and unbridled, but whatsoever things He sees Him doing, as in conception, all these He performeth restrained by Identity of Essence from falling aside in ought that is befitting God. For He hath no part with change in ought, or variableness: for He remaineth the Same unceasingly, as the Psalmist says. The Father again sheweth the Son what He Himself doeth, not as though setting before Him things depicted on a tablet, or teaching Him as though ignorant (for He knoweth all things as God): but depicting Himself wholly in the Nature of His Offspring, and shewing in Him His Own Natural Properties in order that from what Properties Himself is and is manifested, He may know of what kind and Who He is by nature That begat Him. Therefore Christ says, that no man knoweth Who the Son is but the Father, and Who the Father is, but the Son. For the accurate knowledge of each is in Both, not by learning, but by Nature. And God the Father seeth the Son in Himself, the Son again seeth the Father in Himself. Therefore He saith, I am in the Father and, the Father in Me. But "to see" and "to be seen" must here be conceived of after a Divine sort.

And greater works than these will He shew Him, that Ye may marvel.

Above the blessed Evangelist says, The Jews were seeking to kill Jesus, because He was not only breaking the sabbath, but saying also that God was His Father, making Himself Equal with God. He therefore put down the accusation respecting the sabbath, by shewing that the Father Himself worked on the sabbath day, and expending many words thereupon: and endeavours to teach them that He is in Equality with the Father, even when made Man for our sakes (for this was what the argument yet lacked), and therefore does He say And greater works than these will He shew Him that Ye may marvel. And what again does He will to shew us hereby?

The paralytic (it says) has been healed, which had an infirmity thirty and eight years. And marvellous indeed the Power of Him That healed him, God-befitting exceedingly the Authority. This so great Wonderworker, no one (I suppose) in his senses would blame for saying that He is God, and since He is Son, Equal in all things to Him That begat Him. But since ye (He says) imagining things most wicked and foolish, are offended because of this mortal Body, ye must needs learn that My Authority and Power stop not here: for ye shall be, even though ye will it not, spectators of greater wonders, to wit of the resurrection of the dead, and yet more shall ye be astonished, seeing Power and Glory befitting God, in Me Whom now ye charge with blasphemy and are not ashamed to persecute, for merely saying, I am the Son of God.

But how God the Father shews His Works to the Son, we have already said at much length.

21 For as the Father raiseth the dead and quickeneth them, so the Son too quickeneth whom He will.

See again in these words clear proof of His Equality. For He That worketh equally in respect of the reviving of the dead, how can He have inferiority in ought? or how shall He be of another nature and alien to the Father Who is radiant with the Same Properties? For the Power of quickening, which is in the Father alike and the Son, is a Property of the Divine Essence. But the Father doth not again separately and of Himself quicken some, the Son some separately and apart: for the Son having in Himself by Nature the Father, the Father doth all things and worketh all things through the Son. But since the Father hath the Power of quickening in His Own Nature, as also Himself too, He attributes the Power of quickening the dead as though accruing to each separately.  

ΚΕΦΑΛΗ Ϛ. Ὅτι οὐκ ἐλάττων κατὰ δύναμιν ἢ κατ' ἐνέργειαν τὴν ἐπί τισιν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἀλλ' ἰσοσθενής τε καὶ ὁμοούσιος, ὡς ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ κατὰ φύσιν.
« Ἀπεκρίνατο οὖν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐ δύναται ὁ Υἱὸς ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδὲν, ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα: ἃ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ποιεῖ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ. » ΟΠΕΡ ἐν τοῖς προλαβοῦσιν εἰρήκαμεν, τοῦτο πάλιν ἑτέρῳ διερμηνεύει τρόπῳ, πανταχόθεν ἐπὶ τὴν τῆς ἀληθείας εὕρεσιν σαγηνεύων τοὺς ἀκροωμένους: τὸν δὲ ἐν πρώτοις οὐ παραδεχθέντα λόγον, διὰ τὴν τῶν συνιέναι μὴ δυνηθέντων ἀσθένειαν, ἑτεροτρόπως ἀναμορφοῖ, καὶ διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν ἰόντα θεωρημάτων, εἰσφέρει ποικίλως. ἔργον δ' ἂν εἴη καὶ τοῦτο τῆς διδασκάλῳ πρεπούσης ἀρετῆς, τὸ μὴ τρέχοντα δηλονότι καὶ παριπτάμενον τῶν διδασκομένων τὴν γνῶσιν ποιεῖσθαι τὸν λόγον, ἀλλ' εὐπάρυφόν τε καὶ διαφόρως ἐξορχούμενον, καὶ τῷ τῆς φράσεως ἐξηλλαγμένῳ, πολλάκις τὴν ἐν τοῖς θεωρήμασι ψιλοῦντα δυσχέρειαν. ἀναμίξας τοίνυν τῷ θεοπρεπεῖ τὸ ἀνθρώπινον, καὶ μέσον ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ἕνα κεράσας λόγον: ὡς ἠρέμα μὲν ὑφιζάνει τὸ τῷ Μονογενεῖ πρέπον ἀξίωμα, ἀναβαίνει δὲ τὴν ἀνθρώπου φύσιν: ὡς Δεσπότης ἅμα καὶ ἐν δούλοις κατατεταγμένος, φησίν Οὐ δύναται ὁ Υἱὸς ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδὲν, ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα: ἃ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ποιεῖ ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ. ἐν μὲν γὰρ τῷ δύνασθαι ποιεῖν ἀπαραλλάκτως τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρὸς, καὶ ὁμοίως ἐνεργεῖν τῷ γεννήσαντι, τῆς οὐσίας αὐτῷ μαρτυρεῖ τὴν ταυτότητα. ἐνεργήσει γὰρ ὁμοίως τὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ἀλλήλοις λαχόντα φύσιν, οἷς δὲ ὁ τοῦ πῶς εἶναι λόγος ἐξηλλαγμένος, τούτοις ἂν εἴη καὶ ὁ τῆς ἐφ' ἅπασιν ἐνεργείας τρόπος οὐχ ὁ αὐτός. οὐκοῦν ὡς Θεὸς ἀληθινὸς ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἀληθινοῦ, ταῦτα δύνασθαι ποιεῖν ὁμοίως ἐκείνῳ φησὶν, ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ μόνον ἴσος ὢν ἐν δυνάμει φαίνηται τῷ Πατρὶ, ὁμογνώμων δὲ κατὰ πάντα, καὶ μίαν ἔχων αὐτῷ τὴν ἐφ' ἅπασι θέλησιν, μὴ δύνασθαι λέγει ποιεῖν ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ μηδὲν, ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα. Ὅμοιον δὲ ὡς εἰ λέγοι τρανώτερον πρὸς τοὺς διώκειν ἐπιχειρήσαντας, ἀνδρὸς ἐν σαββάτῳ τεθεραπευμένου Καταλελύσθαι νομίζετε τὴν τοῦ σαββάτου τιμὴν, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν ἔδρασα τοῦτό ποτε μὴ οὐχὶ τὸν ὅμοιον ἐργάτην ὁρῶν τὸν Πατέρα: ἐνεργεῖ γὰρ τὰ πρὸς σύστασιν κόσμου καὶ κατὰ σάββατον, εἰ καὶ δι' ἐμοῦ. ἀδύνατον οὖν ἐμὲ, φησὶν, τὸν ἐξ αὐτοῦ κατὰ φύσιν Υἱὸν, μὴ οὐχὶ πάντως ἐν πᾶσι τὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐνεργεῖν τε καὶ βούλεσθαι, οὐχ ὡς ἔξωθεν λαβόντα διδακτῶς τὸν τοῦ ποιεῖν ὑπογραμμὸν, ἢ καὶ ἐκ προαιρετικοῦ κινήματος ἐπὶ τὸ ταὐτὸ βούλεσθαι τῷ Πατρὶ κεκλημένον, ἀλλ' ὡς φύσεως ἀπαραποιήτου νόμοις ἐπὶ τὴν ἴσην ἀναβαίνοντα τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρὶ βουλήν τε καὶ πρᾶξιν. τὸ γὰρ μὴ δύνασθαι ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ μηδὲν, ἐν τούτοις εὖ μάλα περιορίζεται: οὕτως οἶμαι χρῆναι νοοῦντας εὐσεβῶς, αἰχμαλωτίζειν “πᾶν νόημα εἰς τὴν ὑπακοὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ,” καθὰ γέγραπται. Ἀπειθήσει δὲ ἴσως ὁ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ μαχόμενος, καὶ τροφὴν ὥσπερ τινὰ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ δυσβουλίας ποιήσεται τὸ εἰρημένον Εἴπερ ἦν ἐν ἰσότητι, λέγων, τοῦ Πατρὸς ὁ Υἱὸς, οὐδεμίαν ἀπονέμων ὡς ἐξ ἀνάγκης αὐτῷ τὴν ὑπεροχὴν, διὰ τὸ τῆς οἰκείας φύσεως μειονέκτημα, τί τὸ πεπεικὸς οὕτως αὐτὸν ἀκατακαλύπτως εἰπεῖν, μὴ δύνασθαι ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ μηδὲν, ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα; σαφῶς γὰρ ἐν τούτοις, φησὶν, ὁμολογεῖ μηδὲν ὅλως ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ δύνασθαι ποιεῖν, ὡς εἰδὼς δηλονότι τὸν ἀμείνω καὶ ὑπερέχοντα: σὺ δὲ αὖ πάλιν ἡμῖν κατασοφίζῃ τὸν λόγον. Τί οὖν πρὸς ταῦτα καὶ παρ' ἡμῶν; Ἀνδρίζεται πάλιν εἰς δυσφημίας ὁ χριστομάχος, καὶ μεθύων ἐξ ἀπαιδευσίας οὐκ αἰσθάνεται. χρῆν γὰρ, ὦ βέλτιστε, δοκιμάζειν ἀκριβῶς τῶν εἰρημένων τὴν δύναμιν, καὶ μὴ προχείρως ἐπιπηδᾶν τοῖς ἐξ ἀμαθίας εἰσβαίνουσι λογισμοῖς. κατὰ τίνα γὰρ τρόπον τῆς ἰσότητος τῆς πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα κατακομίζειν οἴει χρῆναι τὸν Υἱὸν, διὰ τὸ φάναι μὴ δύνασθαι ποιεῖν ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ μηδὲν, ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα; ἆρα γὰρ ὡς οὐκ ἔχων ἐν δυνάμει τὸ ἴσον τὰ τοιαῦτά φησι, καίτοι καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἔστιν τῶν προκειμένων ἰδεῖν ἰσοσθενοῦντα τῷ φύσαντι τὸν Υἱὸν, ἤπερ ἰσχύος τῆς θεοπρεποῦς ἐπιδεᾶ; οὐ γὰρ φαίνεται λέγων Οὐ δύναται ὁ Υἱὸς ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδὲν, ἐὰν μὴ λάβῃ τὸ δύνασθαι παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός: τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν ὄντως ἀσθενοῦντος εἰπεῖν: ἀλλ' Ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα. ὅτι δὲ διὰ τῆς ὀπτικῆς αἰσθήσεως οὐκ εἰς τὸ δυναμοῦσθαι μᾶλλον, ἀλλ' εἰς θεωρίαν τὴν τινῶν, καλεῖσθαι πεφύκαμεν, ἀντιστατήσειν οἶμαι μηδένα. οὐκοῦν τοῖς τοῦ γεννήσαντος ἔργοις ἐνατενίζειν ἑαυτὸν εἰρηκὼς ὁ Υἱὸς οὐκ ἀσθενοῦντα δεικνύει, ζηλωτὴν δὲ μᾶλλον ἤτοι θεατὴν, καὶ ὅπως ἀκριβέστερον ἡμῖν ἐν τοῖς ἐφεξῆς εἰρήσεται. ὅτι δὲ διὰ τῆς ἀπαραλλάκτου καὶ ὁμοιοτάτης ἐνεργείας, τῆς εἰς ἅπαντά φημι, τὸ ἴσον ἔχων ἐν δυνάμει φαίνεται, διδάξει σαφῶς ἐν τοῖς ἐφεξῆς ἐπιλέγων αὐτὸς ὡς περὶ τοῦ ἰδίου Πατρός Ἃ γὰρ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ ταῦτά φησιν καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ. πῶς οὖν ἐλάττων ἐστὶν, ὁ ταῖς ἰσοῤῥόποις τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρὶ διαπρεπὴς ἐνεργείαις; ἆρα γὰρ ἐνεργήσει τὰ πυρὸς ἕτερόν τι παρὰ τὸ πῦρ, οὐδεμιᾶς κατὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν θεωρουμένης ἐξαλλαγῆς; καὶ πῶς ἂν γένοιτο τοῦτό ποτε; πῶς οὖν ὁμοίως ἐργάσεται τὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὁ Υἱὸς, εἰ διὰ τοῦτο ἔλαττον ἔχειν τῆς ἴσης ὡς πρὸς αὐτὸν ἰσχύος ἀπολιμπάνεται; Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἡμῖν, ὡς ἐκ τοῦ προκειμένου πρὸς τὸ παρὸν ἐλήφθη ῥητοῦ: ἴδωμεν δὲ πάλιν καὶ δι' ἑτέρων ἰόντες θεωρημάτων, εἰ ἐπιδέχεταί ποι τὸ ἐν δευτέροις εἶναι τοῦ Πατρὸς ἡ τοῦ Υἱοῦ φύσις: προκείσθω δὲ ὁμοίως ἡμῖν ὁ περὶ δυνάμεως λόγος. Ἆρα Θεὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ κατὰ φύσιν καὶ ἀληθινὸν, καὶ ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας ὄντως τοῦ Πατρὸς ὁμολογοῦσιν ὑπάρχειν τὸν Υἱὸν, ἢ Θεὸν μὲν εἶναί φασι, τὸ δὲ ἔξω κεῖσθαι τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Πατρὸς, δυσσεβοῦντες προσάπτουσιν. εἰ μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Πατρὸς εἶναι λέγουσιν αὐτὸν, οὔτε Θεὸς ἔσται κατὰ φύσιν, οὔτε Υἱὸς ἀληθινός. τὸ γὰρ μὴ ἐκ Θεοῦ κατὰ φύσιν ὑπάρχον, οὐδ' ἂν ὅλως νοοῖτο κατὰ φύσιν Θεὸς, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ Υἱὸς εἰ μὴ ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας γεννηθῇ τοῦ Πατρὸς, νόθον δὲ ἡμῖν καὶ πρόσφατόν τινα παρεισάγουσι θεόν. εἰ δὲ τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἐροῦσι, τὴν ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοις δόγμασιν ἀτοπίαν ἐρυθριάσαντες, δώσουσι δὲ ἀληθῶς ἐκ Πατρὸς ὑπάρχειν τὸν Μονογενῆ, καὶ εἶναι Θεὸν κατὰ φύσιν καὶ ἀληθινῶς: πῶς ἐν ἐλάττοσιν ἔσται τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἢ πῶς ἀτονήσει περί τι, καὶ οὐχὶ τῆς τοῦ τεκόντος οὐσίας κατηγορήσει τὸ πρᾶγμα; εἰ γὰρ ὅλως ἀσθενεῖν ἐνδέχεται τὸν κατὰ φύσιν ὄντα Θεὸν, τί τὸ κωλύον ἐστὶ τοῦτο παθεῖν τὸν Πατέρα, ἐχούσης ἅπαξ τὸ δύνασθαι παθεῖν τῆς θείας καὶ ἀῤῥήτου φύσεως, καὶ οὕτως ἤδη φαινομένης ἐν Υἱῷ κατὰ τὸν ἐκείνων λόγον; οὐκοῦν οὐδὲ ἀπαθὲς διὰ τοῦτο τὸ θεῖον, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἐν ταυτότητι καὶ ἀμεταβλήτῳ κείσεται πάντως μακαριότητι. εἶτα τίς, εἰπέ μοι, τῶν τὰ τοιαῦτα δοξαζόντων ἀνέξεται; τίς δὲ τῆς θείας βοώσης γραφῆς, ὅτι Κύριος τῶν δυνάμεών ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς, οὐ καταναρκήσει λέγων, δυναμοῦσθαι χρῄζειν αὐτὸν, καὶ ἀτελῆ κατὰ τοῦτο ὑπάρχειν, ὃ κυρίως καὶ μόνῳ πρόσεστιν αὐτῷ μετὰ Πατρὸς καὶ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος; Ἐρεῖ δὲ πάλιν ἡμῖν ὁ δι' ἐναντίας Κατὰ τοῦτό φαμεν ὑπερκεῖσθαι τοῦ Υἱοῦ τὸν Πατέρα. ὁ μὲν γάρ ἐστι τῶν ἔργων προκαταρκτικὸς, ὡς ἔχων ἔν τε τῇ δυνάμει καὶ ἐν τῷ πάντα εἰδέναι τὸ τέλειον: ὁ δὲ πρότερον γίνεται θεατὴς, εἶθ' οὕτως ἐργάτης τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐνεργείας ἀναματτόμενος εἰς ἑαυτὸν τὴν μίμησιν, ἵνα διὰ τῆς τῶν ἔργων ὁμοιότητος καὶ αὐτὸς νοῆται Θεός: τοῦτο γὰρ ἡμᾶς ἐκδιδάσκει λέγων, μὴ δύνασθαι ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ μηδὲν ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα. τί φῂς ὦ πάντολμε σύ; τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐνεργείας ἀναμάττεται τοὺς τύπους εἰς ἑαυτὸν ὁ Υἱὸς, ἵνα διὰ τούτου νοῆται Θεός; διδακτῶς οὖν ἔσται Θεὸς, καὶ οὐκέτι κατὰ φύσιν: ὥσπερ δὲ ἐν ἡμῖν ἐπιστήμη καὶ τέχνη τυχὸν, οὕτως ἄρα ἐν αὐτῷ ἐστι τὸ ἀξίωμα, καὶ τεχνίτης μᾶλλόν ἐστι τῶν τῆς θεότητος ἔργων ἢ Θεὸς ἀληθινός: ἕτερος δὲ δήπου πάντως αὐτὸς παρὰ τὴν ἐν αὐτῷ τέχνην, κἂν ὑπάρχῃ θεοπρεπής. πῶς οὖν ἄρα τὸν τῶν τῆς θεότητος ὅρων ἐκβεβηκότα, καὶ ἐν μόνῃ τῇ τέχνῃ φοροῦντα τὴν δόξαν, προσκυνοῦσι μὲν ἄγγελοι κατ' οὐρανὸν, προσκυνοῦμεν δὲ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀνεγκλήτως, τὸ μὴ χρῆναι λατρεύειν ἑτέρῳ παρὰ τὸν ὄντως ὄντα Θεὸν τῆς ἁγίας νομοθετούσης ἡμῖν γραφῆς; “Κύριον γὰρ τὸν Θεόν σου φησὶ, προσκυνήσεις, καὶ αὐτῷ ” μόνῳ λατρεύσεις.“ ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν ἀπεσφάλη τοῦ πρέποντος ἡ ἁγία μάλιστα τῶν ἀγγέλων πληθὺς, προσκυνεῖ δὲ τὸν Υἱὸν καὶ λατρεύει μεθ' ἡμῶν, κατὰ φύσιν ὄντα Θεὸν ἐπιγινώσκουσα, καὶ οὐ διδακτῶς, ὡς ἐκεῖνοι ληροῦντές φασιν: οὐ γὰρ αἰσθάνονται, κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς, ὅσοις ἐντεῦθεν περιπεσοῦνται τοῖς ἀτοπήμασι. πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ὁ Υἱὸς ἀλλοίωσίν τε καὶ τροπὴν τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ μεῖζον ὡς ἐξ ἐλάττονος ἐπιδέξεται, καίτοι διὰ τοῦ προφήτου λέγων αὐτός ” Ἴδετε, ἴδετε ὅτι ἐγώ “εἰμι, καὶ οὐκ ἠλλοίωμαι:” διαψεύσεται δὲ πάντως καὶ ὁ ψαλμῳδὸς ἐν πνεύματι, “Σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ,” βοῶν πρὸς τὸν Υἱόν. περιμένει γὰρ, ὡς ἐκεῖνοί φασιν, ἐνεργοῦντα τὸν Πατέρα περί τι τῶν ὄντων, οἱονεὶ καθηγητήν τινα καὶ διδάσκαλον, ἵνα θεωρήσας γένηται μιμητής: εἶτα πῶς ὁ τοιοῦτος οὐκ ἄν τῳ δόξαι λοιπὸν ἐξ ἀγνοίας τῆς τινῶν ἀναβαίνειν εἰς γνῶσιν, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ χείρονος μετατρέπεσθαι πρὸς τὸ ἄμεινον, εἴπερ εἶναι λογιούμεθα τὸ εἰδέναι τι τῶν ἀγαθῶν τοῦ μὴ εἰδέναι κάλλιον; Εἶτα τί πρὸς τούτοις ὁρᾶται τὸ ἄτοπον; λεγόντων ἡμῖν οἱ παιδευτὴν, ἢ Πατέρα μᾶλλον εἰσφέροντες τὸν Θεόν Πότερόν ποτε τῶν ἔργων τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐν ἀγνοίᾳ καθεστηκὼς ὁ Υἱὸς περιμένει τὸ ἰδεῖν, ἢ τὴν ἐπὶ τούτοις γνῶσιν ἔχων ἀκριβεστάτην; εἰ μὲν οὖν εἰδότα περιμένειν ἐροῦσιν αὐτὸν, περιττότατόν τι ποιοῦντα σαφῶς ἐπιδείξουσι, καὶ εἰκαιοτάτου πράγματος ἐπιτηδευτὴν τὸν Πατέρα: ὁ μὲν γὰρ, ὅπερ οἶδεν ἀκριβῶς, ὡς ἀγνοῶν ἐπισκέπτεται, ὁ δὲ τὸν εἰδότα διδάσκειν ἐπιχειρεῖ: καὶ τίνι τῶν ὄντων οὐκ ἔσται καταφανὲς, ὅτι τῆς ἐσχάτης γελοιότητος εἴσω κείσεται τὰ τοιαῦτα; ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἐροῦσι τυχόν: μεταβήσονται δὲ πρὸς τὸ ἐναντίον. περιμένειν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἀναγκαίως ἐνεργοῦντα διαβεβαιώσονται τὸν Πατέρα πρὸς τὸ θεωρήσαντα μαθεῖν. πῶς οὖν οἶδε “τὰ ” πάντα πρὶν γενέσεως αὐτῶν;“ ἢ πῶς ἀληθεύσει λέγων αὐτὸς περὶ ἑαυτοῦ ” Θεὸς ἐγγίζων ἐγώ εἰμι, λέγει Κύριος, καὶ “οὐχὶ Θεὸς πόῤῥωθεν: μὴ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ κρυβήσεταί τι;” πῶς δὲ οὐκ ἄτοπόν τε καὶ ἀμαθὲς τὸ μὲν Πνεῦμα πιστεύειν ἐρευνᾶν τε καὶ εἰδέναι τὰ βάθη τοῦ Θεοῦ, τὸν δὲ τοῦ Πνεύματος χορηγὸν ἐν ἀγνοίᾳ καθεστάναι νομίζειν τῶν ἔργων τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ ἰδίου Πνεύματος, ὅσον εἰς γνῶσιν ἀπολιμπάνεσθαι; ἆρα γὰρ οὐκ ἀποβαλεῖ καὶ τὸ εἶναι σοφία λοιπὸν ὁ Υἱὸς, ἐπείπερ ὅλως ἀγνοεῖ καὶ λαμβάνει διὰ μαθήσεως; σοφίας γὰρ μᾶλλον ἔσται δεκτικὸς ἤπερ αὐτὸ κατὰ φύσιν σοφία. σοφία γὰρ τὸ σοφοῦν, οὐ τὸ σοφοῦσθαι πεφυκὸς, ὥσπερ οὖν ἀμέλει καὶ φῶς τὸ φωτίζον, οὐ τὸ φωτίζεσθαι πεφυκός. οὐκοῦν ἕτερόν τι πάλιν αὐτὸς παρὰ τὴν ἐν αὐτῷ σοφίαν, καὶ πρῶτον μὲν οὐχ ἁπλοῦς, ἀλλ' ἐκ δύο λοιπὸν συγκείμενος: εἶτα πρὸς τούτῳ, καὶ τὸ εἶναι Θεὸς ἀπολέσει, Θεὸν δέ φημι κατὰ φύσιν καὶ οὐσιωδῶς: μαθήσεως γὰρ τῆς ἀπό τινος ὅλως καὶ διπλόης τῆς κατὰ σύνθεσιν ἡ θεία φύσις οὐκ ἀνέχεται, καὶ τὸ ἁπλοῦν ὡς ἴδιον ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὸ παντέλειον ἔχουσα. καὶ εἰ μὴ ἔστι Θεὸς κατὰ φύσιν ὁ Υἱὸς, πῶς τὰ μόνῳ πρέποντα τῷ Θεῷ καὶ ἐνεργεῖ καὶ ἐργάζεται; ἆρα γὰρ ἐξαρκέσειν ἐροῦσιν αὐτῷ καὶ πρὸς δύναμιν τὴν θεοπρεπῆ, τὸ μόνον ἰδεῖν ἐνεργοῦντα τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ διὰ ψιλῆς ἀποκερδαίνει τῆς θέας τὸ εἶναι κατὰ φύσιν Θεὸς, καὶ τοσαῦτα δύνασθαι ποιεῖν, ὅσαπερ ἂν καὶ ὁ δεικνύων αὐτῷ; οὐδὲν οὖν ἄρα τὸ κωλύον ἐστὶ, καὶ πολλοὺς ἡμῖν ἑτέρους ἀναδειχθῆναι θεοὺς, ἐθελήσαντος καὶ αὐτοῖς ἐπιδεῖξαι τοῦ Πατρὸς τῶν οἰκείων ἔργων τὴν ὁδὸν, καὶ ἐν τῷ μαθεῖν τι περιττὸν τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς οὐσίας κείσεται τὸ ἐξαίρετον: ὁ γὰρ διδακτὸς, ὡς ἐκεῖνοί φασιν, εἰς ἀξίωμα τὸ τῆς κατὰ φύσιν θεότητος ἀναδραμὼν εὑρίσκεται λέγων “Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ” ἕν ἐσμεν: ὁ ἑωρακὼς ἐμὲ ἑώρακε τὸν Πατέρα.“ Ἀναμετρείτωσαν τοίνυν ὅσος αὐτοῖς δυσφημίας ὄχλος ἐκ τοῦ τοιῶσδε νοεῖν ἐθέλειν ἐπισωρεύεται, καὶ φρονείτωσαν ἀληθῆ περὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καθὰ γέγραπται. οὔτε γὰρ ἐκ θεωρίας τῆς ἐν τοῖς ἀποτελέσμασι τοῦ Πατρὸς, οὔτε μὴν ὡς προκαταρκτικῶς ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις ἔχων αὐτὸν, ποιητής ἐστιν ἢ θαυματουργὸς, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο Θεὸς ὁ Υἱὸς, ἀλλ' ὅτι φυσικὸς ὥσπερ τις αὐτὸν ἀποφέρει νόμος ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ γεννήσαντος ἀπαράλλακτον ὁμοιότητα, εἰ καὶ διὰ τῆς τῶν ἔργων ἀνελλιποῦς ἐμφερείας ἀναλάμπει καὶ φαίνεται. παραθέντες δὲ καὶ εἰσαῦθις, εἰ δοκεῖ, τὸ τοῦ λόγου κεφάλαιον, καὶ δριμυτέραις ἐρεύναις αὐτὸ βασανίζοντες, θεωρῶμεν ἀκριβῶς, τίς ἂν εἴη λοιπὸν τῶν λεγομένων ἡ δύναμις, καὶ ὅπως προσήκει νοοῦντας εὐσεβεῖν, ἤδη περισκεπτώμεθα. οὐκοῦν Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐ δύναταί φησιν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν ὁ Υἱὸς οὐδὲν ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα: ἃ γὰρ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ. Ὁρᾷς ὅπως καὶ διὰ τῆς ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις ἀπαραλλάκτου ταυτότητος, ὅμοιον ἑαυτὸν κατὰ πάντα δεικνύει τῷ Πατρὶ, ἵνα δὴ φαίνηται διὰ τούτου καὶ τῆς οὐσίας αὐτοῦ κληρονόμος; ὡς γὰρ ἀναγκαίως τε καὶ ἀναντιῤῥήτως νοηθησομένου Θεοῦ κατὰ φύσιν ὑπάρχειν τοῦ τὴν ἴσην ἐνέργειαν ἔχοντος τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρὶ, τὰ τοιαῦτά φησιν ὁ Σωτήρ. σκανδαλιζέσθω δὲ μηδεὶς, ὅταν φαίνηται λέγων οἰκονομικῶς, μὴ δύνασθαι ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ μηδὲν ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα. ὡς γὰρ ἤδη τὴν τοῦ δούλου μορφὴν περικείμενος καὶ ἄνθρωπος γενόμενος διὰ τὸ ἑνωθῆναι σαρκὶ, οὐκ ἐλευθέραν οὐδὲ ἀνειμένην παντελῶς εἰς θεοπρεπῆ παῤῥησίαν ἐποιεῖτο τὴν διάλεξιν: ἐχρῆτο δὲ μᾶλλον τοιαύτῃ δι' οἰκονομίαν ἔσθ' ὅτε, ἥπερ ἂν πρέποι Θεῷ τε ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ: καὶ γὰρ ἦν ὄντως κατὰ ταὐτὸν ἀμφότερα. Εἷς μὲν δὴ λόγος οὗτος ἀληθής: οἶμαι δὲ δεῖν καὶ ἑτέρῳ πάλιν ἐπεξηγεῖσθαι τρόπῳ τὸ προκείμενον, καὶ ὀξύτερόν πως τῇ τοῦ θεωρήματος ἀκριβείᾳ προσβαλεῖν. οὐ δύναταί φησιν ὁ Υἱὸς ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδὲν ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα. τό Οὐ δύναται ἤτοι τὸ ἀδύνατον κατηγορεῖται τινῶν, ἤτοι τῶν ὄντων τισὶν ἐπιφέρεται. τοῦτο γὰρ δὴ τὸ κατηγορεῖσθαι, φαμὲν, οὐχὶ πάντως ἀνάγκης οὐδὲ ἀσθενείας ἐστὶ σημαντικόν: διδάσκει δὲ πολλάκις καὶ φύσεων ἑδραιότητα καὶ οὐσιῶν ἀκλόνητον στάσιν, τὴν ἐφ' οἷς ἤ ἐστιν ἢ γέγονεν ἑκάστη τῶν σημαινομένων, καὶ ἅπερ οἶδε φυσικῶς τε καὶ ἀμεταθέτως ἐνεργεῖν. ἡκέτω δὲ εἰ δοκεῖ καὶ διὰ παραδειγμάτων ὁ λόγος: ὅταν ἄνθρωπος εἴπῃ τυχὸν, ἄπηχύ τε εἰκὸς καὶ βαρὺ μὴ δύνασθαί ποι διακομίζειν ξύλον, τῆς ἐνούσης αὐτῷ ἀσθενείας κατηγορεῖ: ὅταν δέ τις ἕτερος εἴπῃ Ἄνθρωπος ὢν λογικὸς κατὰ φύσιν, καὶ ἐκ λογικοῦ κατὰ φύσιν γεγεννημένος πατρὸς, οὐ δύναμαι ποιεῖν ὥσπερ ἴδιόν τι καὶ ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ, ὃ μὴ βλέπω προσπεφυκὸς τῇ τοῦ γεννήσαντος φύσει, τότε τό Οὐ δύναμαι τὴν τῆς οὐσίας ἑδραιότητα καὶ τὸ ἀμετάπτωτον εἰς ἕτερόν τι παρ' ὅπερ ὑπάρχει δηλοῖ. οὐ δύναμαι γὰρ, φησὶν, ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ μὴ εἶναι ζῷον λογικὸν, τῶν τῇ φύσει προσόντων κατευμεγεθήσας πλεονεκτημάτων: οὐ γὰρ ὁρῶ τὸ δύνασθαι τοῦτο παθεῖν ἐν τῇ τοῦ τεκόντος φύσει: κατὰ τοῦτον οὖν ἄρα τὸν τρόπον ἀκούσῃ λέγοντος τοῦ Χριστοῦ Οὐ δύναται ὁ Υἱὸς ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδὲν ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα. μὴ ἐπιτιμᾶτε γὰρ, φησὶ, τοῖς ἔργοις τοῦ Υἱοῦ: τὴν γὰρ τοῦ τεκόντος αὐτὸν ὡς ἐν ἰδίαις ἐννοίαις ἤτοι φυσικοῖς κινήμασιν ἀναθεωρῶν οὐσίαν, ὧνπερ ἂν ἴδοι πρεπόντως ἐργάτιν αὐτὴν, ταῦτα δὴ πράττει, καὶ ἕτερον οὐδὲν, παθεῖν τι τῶν παρὰ φύσιν διὰ τὸ ἐξ αὐτῆς ὑπάρχειν οὐ δυνάμενος: οἷον, ἔχει τὸ θέλειν ἐλεεῖν ἡ τοῦ Πατρὸς φύσις: τοῦτο δὴ καὶ ἐνυπάρχον αὐτῇ θεωρῶν ὁ Υἱὸς, ὡς ἐξ αὐτοῦ φυσικῶς, ἐλεήμων ἐστὶν, οὐ δυνάμενος ἕτερόν τι παρ' ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἐκείνη γενέσθαι. ἔχει γὰρ ἐκ Πατρὸς, ὥσπερ τὴν οὐσίαν, οὕτω καὶ τὰ τῆς οὐσίας ἀγαθά: ἁπλῶς δὲ δῆλον ὅτι καὶ ἀσυνθέτως ὡς Θεός: διάτοι τοῦτο τοῖς πρώτοις ἐπιλέγει σοφῶς Ἃ γὰρ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ: ὅλην, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, τὴν περίνοιαν τοῦ μὴ δύνασθαι ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ μηδὲν ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα, συνάγων ἐν τούτοις. ἀναλογιζόμενος δὲ τὴν αἰτίαν, ἐφ' ᾗ τὰ τοιαῦτά φησιν ὁ Υἱὸς, ἀκριβέστερον τοῖς παρ' ἡμῶν εἰρημένοις ἐπιστήσεις τὸν νοῦν. Οὐκοῦν ἐπειδήπερ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ σαββάτου τὸν παράλυτον ἠλέει, διώκειν αὐτὸν ἐπεχείρουν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι: δυσωπεῖ δὲ αὐτοὺς ὁ Χριστὸς, ἐλεοῦντα δεικνὺς τὸν Θεὸν καὶ Πατέρα κατὰ τὸ σάββατον. οὐ γὰρ ᾠήθη δεῖν ἀποκωλῦσαί ποτε τὰ ὅσα πέρ ἐστιν εἰς σωτηρίαν τὴν ἡμετέραν συντείνοντα: καὶ δὴ καὶ ἔφασκεν ἐν ἀρχαῖς ” Ὁ Πατήρ μου ἕως ἄρτι ἐργάζεται, “κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι.” ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ ἀσχάλλοντες πρὸς ταῦτα διὰ πολλὴν ἐφαίνοντο δυσβουλίαν, ἐπιλέγει πάλιν Οὐ δύναται ὁ Υἱὸς ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδὲν ἐὰν μή τι βλέπῃ τὸν Πατέρα ποιοῦντα: ἃ γὰρ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐ παραιτεῖται, φησὶν, ὁ Πατὴρ ἐλεεῖν ἐν σαββάτῳ, βλέπων ὄντα διὰ παντὸς φιλοικτίρμονα, ταύτῃτοι κἀγὼ διὰ παντὸς ἐλεῶ, καινοτομῆσαί πως τοῦ Πατρὸς τὴν οὐσίαν ἐν ἐμαυτῷ μὴ δυνάμενος, διὰ τοῦ με φαίνεσθαι καὶ εἶναι τοιοῦτος, ὁποῖός ἐστι κατὰ φύσιν αὐτός: ἐνεργῶ γὰρ πάντως ὡς ἐξ αὐτοῦ, τὰ αὐτοῦ. Τὸ δὲ λέγειν προκαταρκτικὸν τῶν ἔργων τὸν Πατέρα ὑπάρχειν, ἀμαθίας τῆς ἐσχάτης οὐκ ἀμοιρήσει. πῶς γὰρ ἂν αὐτὸς ἰδίᾳ καὶ μόνος προκατάρξαιτό ποτε, δύναμιν ἔχων τὴν ἐφ' ἅπασιν ἐνεργητικὴν τὸν Υἱὸν, συνυπάρχοντα μὲν ἀϊδίως αὐτῷ, θελήσεως δὲ τῆς ἐπί τι καὶ κινήσεως τῆς κατ' ἐνέργειαν τὴν ἐπί τισιν ἐκφαντικόν. καὶ εἰ περιμένειν αὐτὸν τὴν ἐφ' ἑκάστῳ τῶν ἔργων ἰδικὴν ἐνέργειαν τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀπαιδεύτως διισχυρίζονται, πρὸς τὸ ἴσον ἀπομιμήσασθαι, δεικνύτωσαν ἡμῖν ἰδίᾳ καὶ καθ' ἑαυτὸν ἐργασάμενόν τι τὸν Πατέρα πώποτε, ἢ καὶ ποῖον αὐτὸς προθεραπεύσας παράλυπον, δέδωκεν ὡς ἐν τύπῳ τὸ πρᾶγμα τῷ γεννήματι.
« Ὁ γὰρ Πατὴρ φιλεῖ τὸν Υἱόν. » Ἀσυνέτως ἐξαγριουμένους εἰς εἰκαίαν ὀργὴν, τοὺς οἵπερ ἦσαν δυσσεβοῦντες εἰς αὐτὸν ἀφυλάκτως διὰ τὸ σάββατον ἐξελέγχει Χριστὸς, ἐναργεστάτην τοῦ πράγματος ποιούμενος τὴν ἀπόδειξιν διὰ τοῦ φιλεῖσθαι λέγειν παρὰ τοῦ ἰδίου γεννήτορος. εἰ γὰρ ὅλως φιλεῖ τὸν Υἱὸν ὁ Πατὴρ, οὐ λυποῦντα δῆλον ὅτι φιλεῖ, κατευφραίνοντα δὲ μᾶλλον ἐφ' οἷς ἂν ποιῇ καὶ ἐργάζηται. μάτην οὖν ἄρα διώκουσι τὸν ἐλεεῖν ἐν σαββάτῳ μὴ παραιτούμενον, καὶ ταῖς τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρὸς ἀντιτείνοντες ψήφοις διὰ τούτου πάλιν ἁλίσκονται. χρῆναι γὰρ οἴονται μισεῖν, ὃν αὐτὸς ἀγαπᾷ, δῆλον δὲ δήπου πάντως ἐστὶν, ὡς οὐκ ἂν ἠγάπησέ ποτε τὴν τοῦ τεκόντος αὐτὸν παρατρέχοντα βούλησιν, καὶ ἰδίᾳ καὶ μόνον ὅπερ ἂν αὐτὸς ἐθελήσαι ποιεῖν εἰθισμένον. ἐπειδὴ δὲ δικαίως ἀγαπᾷ, συναινεῖ δηλονότι καὶ συγκατανεύει τοῦ σαββάτου τὴν λύσιν, καὶ οὐδὲν ἔχουσαν ἐπιδεικνύει τὸ ἐφ' ᾧπερ ἂν εἰκότως ἀγανακτήσαι Θεὸς ὁ τοῦ νόμου Κύριος.
« Καὶ πάντα δείκνυσιν αὐτῷ ἃ αὐτὸς ποιεῖ. » Ἀναγκαίως καὶ ταῦτα τοῖς προλαβοῦσιν ἐπάγει, καὶ διὰ ποίαν αἰτίαν, ἐρῶ δὴ πάλιν. πατέρες μὲν γὰρ οἱ παρ' ἡμῖν, φυσικαῖς ἔσθ' ὅτε φιλοστοργίαις ἡττώμενοι, καὶ λυπούντων ἀνέχονται τῶν υἱῶν, καὶ τοῖς παρὰ γνώμην ἐπιχειροῦντας ὁρῶντ[ε]ς ἀνεξικακοῦσι πολλάκις. δριμὺς γάρ τις αὐτοῖς ὁ περὶ παῖδας ἐνῴκισται πόθος, πᾶσαν ἀναπείθων τὴν ἐπ' ἐκείνοις μικροψυχίαν πλεονεκτεῖν. ἀλλ' οὐχ οὕτως, φησὶν, ἀγαπᾷ τὸν Υἱὸν ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατήρ: οὐ δύναται γάρ τι ποιεῖν, ὃ μὴ πέφυκεν ἐργάζεσθαι καὶ αὐτός: ὡς δὲ μίαν ἔχων πρὸς αὐτὸν τὴν οὐσίαν, φυσικοῖς τισιν, ἵν' οὕτως εἴπωμεν, νόμοις πρὸς ἀπαράλλακτον καλεῖται θέλησίν τε καὶ δύναμιν. οὐδὲν οὖν ἄρα, φησὶ, παρὰ τὸ τῷ τεκόντι δοκοῦν ἢ πρέπον ὁ Υἱὸς ἐργάζεται, οὐδὲ τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀγάπης καταπερπερεύεται, φιλόκαινός τις ὑπάρχων ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις καὶ ἐξήνιος, ἀλλ' ὧνπερ ὄντα θεάσαιτο ποιητὴν, ὡς ἐν ἐννοίαις δὲ πάλιν, ταῦτα δὴ πάντως ἐπιτελεῖ τῇ ταυτότητι τῆς οὐσίας εἰς τὸ μηδαμοῦ παρεκπίπτειν τὸ Θεῷ πρέπον διακρατούμενος. τροπῆς γὰρ τῆς ἐπί τι καὶ ἀλλοιώσεως ἀμοιρεῖ: μένει δὲ “ὁ αὐτὸς” ἀδιαλείπτως, ὡς ὁ ψαλμῳδός που φησί. δεικνύει δὲ πάλιν ὁ Πατὴρ τῷ Υἱῷ ἃ αὐτὸς ποιεῖ, οὐ καθάπερ ἐν πίνακι διαγεγραμμένα παρατιθεὶς, ἢ ὡς ἀγνοοῦντα διδάσκων: πάντα γὰρ οἶδεν ὡς Θεός: ἀλλ' ὅλον ἑαυτὸν ἐν τῇ τοῦ γεννήματος φύσει ζωγραφῶν, καὶ τὰ ἰδίως αὐτῷ προσπεφυκότα δεικνύων ἐν ἑαυτῷ, ἵνα ἐξ ὧν αὐτὸς ὑπάρχει καὶ φαίνεται, ποταπός τε καὶ τίς κατὰ φύσιν ἐστὶν εἰδείη τὸν γεννήτορα. διὰ γὰρ τοῦτό φησιν ὁ Χριστὸς, ὡς “Οὐδεὶς γινώσκει τίς ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατὴρ, οὐδὲ ” τὸν Πατέρα τίς ἐπιγινώσκει τίς ἐστιν εἰ μὴ ὁ Υἱός.“ κεῖται γὰρ ἐν ἀμφοῖν ἡ ἑκατέρου γνῶσις ἀκριβὴς, οὐ διδακτῶς, ἀλλὰ φυσικῶς: καὶ ὁρᾷ μὲν ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὸν Υἱὸν, ὁρᾷ δὲ αὖ πάλιν ὁ Υἱὸς ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὸν Πατέρα: διάτοι τοῦτό φησιν ” Ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν “ἐμοί ἐστι.” τὸ δὲ ὁρᾶν τε καὶ ὁρᾶσθαι, πάλιν ἐν τούτοις νοείσθω θεοπρεπῶς.
« Καὶ μείζονα τούτων ἔργα δείξει αὐτῷ, ἵνα ὑμεῖς θαυμάζητε. » Ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω φησὶν ὁ μακάριος Εὐαγγελιστὴς ὡς “Ἐζήτουν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀποκτεῖναι, ὅτι οὐ μόνον ” ἔλυε τὸ σάββατον, ἀλλὰ καὶ Πατέρα ἴδιον ἔλεγε τὸν “Θεὸν, ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Θεῷ.” τὴν μὲν οὖν ἐπὶ τῷ σαββάτῳ κατηγορίαν ἀπεσκευάζετο, καὶ αὐτὸν ἐπιδεικνὺς ἐνεργὸν ἐν σαββάτῳ τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ μακρὸν ἐπὶ τούτῳ προσαναλώσας λόγον: ὅτι δέ ἐστιν ἐν ἰσότητι τῇ πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ ἄνθρωπος γεγονὼς δι' ἡμᾶς, πειρᾶται διδάσκειν. τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν ἔτι τῷ λόγῳ τὸ λεῖπον: καὶ διὰ τοῦτό φησιν ὅτι Καὶ μείζονα τούτων δείξει αὐτῷ ἔργα ἵνα ὑμεῖς θαυμάζητε. καὶ τί πάλιν ἡμῖν βούλεται διὰ τούτου δηλοῦν; Τεθεράπευται, φησὶν, ὁ παράλυτος “τριάκοντα καὶ ὀκτὼ ” ἔτη ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ αὐτοῦ.“ καὶ θαυμαστὴ μὲν ὄντως ἡ τοῦ θεραπεύσαντος δύναμις, θεοπρεπής τε λίαν ἡ ἐξουσία: τὸν δὲ οὕτω θαυματουργὸν, οὐκ ἄν τις, οἶμαι, σωφρονῶν αἰτιάσαιτο Θεὸν ἑαυτὸν εἶναι λέγοντα, καὶ ἐπείπερ ἐστὶν Υἱὸς, ἴσον κατὰ πάντα τῷ γεγεννηκότι: ἐπειδὴ δὲ φρονοῦντες, φησὶ, κάκιστά τε καὶ ἀλογώτατα, διὰ τὸ ἐπίκηρον τουτὶ σκανδαλίζεσθε σῶμα, ἀναγκαῖον ὑμᾶς ἐκμαθεῖν, ὡς οὐ μέχρι τούτων τὰ τῆς ἐμῆς ἐξουσίας τε καὶ ἰσχύος στήσεται: μειζόνων γὰρ ἔσεσθε παραδόξων, κἂν μὴ βούλησθε, θεωροὶ, τῆς τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναστάσεως δηλαδὴ, καὶ τότε μειζόνως καταπλαγήσεσθε, τὴν τῷ Θεῷ πρέπουσαν ἰσχύν τε καὶ δόξαν ἐν ἐμοὶ κειμένην ὁρῶντες, ὃν δυσφημίας ἐγκλήματι περιβάλλετε νῦν, καὶ διώκειν οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθε, διὰ τὸ μόνον εἰπεῖν, ὅτι ” Υἱὸς Θεοῦ εἰμι.“ Δεικνύει δὲ ὅπως ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ τὰ ἔργα τῷ Υἱῷ, προλαβόντες ἤδη διὰ πολλῶν εἰρήκαμεν.
« Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐγείρει τοὺς νεκροὺς καὶ ζωοποιεῖ, οὕτως καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς οὓς θέλει ζωοποιεῖ. » Θέα δὴ πάλιν ἐν τούτοις σαφῆ τῆς ἰσότητος τὴν ἀπόδειξιν. ὁ γὰρ ἴσως ἐνεργὸς περὶ τὴν τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναβίωσιν, πῶς ἂν ἔχοι κατά τι τὸ ἔλαττον; ἢ πῶς ἂν εἴη πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα λοιπὸν ἑτεροφυής τε καὶ ἔκφυλος ὁ τοῖς αὐτοῖς διαλάμπων ἰδιώμασιν; ἴδιον δὲ τῆς θείας οὐσίας, τὸ δύνασθαι ζωογονεῖν, ὅπερ ἐστὶν ὁμοίως ἐν Πατρὶ καὶ ἐν Υἱῷ. ζωογονεῖ δὲ πάλιν οὐκ ἰδίως μὲν πάλιν τινὰς καὶ καθ' ἑαυτὸν ὁ Πατὴρ, ἰδίως δέ τινας καὶ κεχωρισμένως ὁ Υἱός: ἔχων γὰρ ἐν ἑαυτῷ φυσικῶς τὸν Πατέρα, τὰ πάντα ἐργάζεται, καὶ ἐνεργεῖ τὰ πάντα δι' Υἱοῦ ὁ Πατήρ. ἀλλ' ἐπείπερ ἔχει τὸ δύνασθαι ζωογονεῖν ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ φύσει, καθάπερ οὖν καὶ αὐτὸς, ὡς καὶ ἰδίως ἑκατέρῳ προσὸν ἀπονέμει τὸ δύνασθαι ζωογονεῖν τοὺς νεκρούς.