DIONYSIUS THE PRESBYTER TO TIMOTHY THE FELLOW-PRESBYTER

 ...ous Intelligences he described in the sacredly-written compositions of the Oracles, so that he might lead us up through the sensible to the intelli

 anagogical interpretations, which propose to us the formations possible for us of the formless and supernatural visions, but that this also is most fi

 to be entirely deprived of participation in the beautiful, if indeed, as the truth of the oracles says, All things are very good. <4> It is possible

 they veil the “Holy of Holies” and honor the dissimilar sacred representations, so that neither are the divine things easily accessible to the profane

 to be led up by analogy to the imitation of God and, what is the most divine thing of all, as the oracles say, to become a “fellow worker with God” an

 beings and irrationally living things and we rational beings have come to be in participation of the divine bestowal. For, intelligibly impressing the

 The things divinely promised to the forefather David have been fulfilled, while another announced the good news to the shepherds as those who had been

 their own powers and illuminations and their own sacred and supermundane good order. For it is impossible for us to know the mysteries of the super-ce

 and stably established and receptive of the visitation of the Godhead in all passionlessness and immateriality, and God-bearing, and servingly opened

 that Jesus himself initiates them immediately and first-givingly reveals to them his philanthropic good-working. For “I,” he says, “speak righteousnes

 below the earth extending its most good providence over all beings, as the super-princely principle and cause of every essence, and embracing all thin

 being led up to the super-essential principle of all things, and becoming partakers of the initiating purifications and illuminations and perfections,

 to lead principially and to be formed as much as possible in the likeness of that very principle-making principle and to reveal its super-essential or

 from which we also have looked up to the infinite and ungrudging sea of the divine light, opened readily to all for participation, over which no forei

 is led up. <2> And all are revealers and messengers of those before them, the most senior ones of God the Mover, and correspondingly the rest of those

 <ΧII.> <1> This also is inquired into by those who love to contemplate the intelligible oracles: for if the last ranks are unparticipant in the entire

 he has assigned the primary hierarchy. And is this statement perhaps true? For he who said this said that the Thearchic power, proceeding to all thing

 they do participate, but in a subordinate manner, looking to the first orders and through them, as those primarily deemed worthy of imitating God, are

 has reasonably ascribed the property to the Seraphim, after God. It is not at all strange, therefore, if the Seraph is said to purify the theologian.

 it having been previously understood that the clarifications of the sacredly-formed images sometimes show the same orders of the celestial essences hi

 of operations. Indeed, the divinely wise, knowing this, form the celestial substances out of fire, showing their God-like and, as far as possible, God

 and that which is dedicated to the whole of life, and the girdles, the guarding of their generative powers and that their unifying disposition is turn

 strong and indomitable, and that which assimilates itself, as far as possible, to the hiddenness of the ineffable Thearchy by the covering of its inte

 Let this much be said by me also concerning the sacred formations, falling short of their precise manifestation, but contributing, as I think, so that

and that which is dedicated to the whole of life, and the girdles, the guarding of their generative powers and that their unifying disposition is turned together unitively toward itself and revolves in a circle with good order in unchanging sameness around itself, <5> and the rods, in turn, that which is kingly and ruling and accomplishes all things in a straight line, and the spears and axes, the power to divide dissimilar things and the sharp and effective and active quality of the discerning powers, and the geometrical and architectural instruments, the power of laying foundations and building up and perfecting and all other things that belong to the anagogical and converting providence for secondary beings.

But sometimes the fashioned instruments of the holy angels are also symbols of the divine judgments upon us, some signifying corrective discipline or avenging justice, others, freedom from affliction or an end to discipline or a return of former well-being or the addition of other gifts, small or great, sensible or intelligible, and in general the discerning mind would not be at a loss to fit the visible things appropriately to the invisible. <6> And their being called winds signifies their swift flight, extending almost timelessly over all things, and their conveying movement from above to below and again from below to the heights, which lifts up secondary beings to the higher eminence, and moves the first beings to a communal and providential procession towards their inferiors. And one might say that the name of 'wind' of the airy spirit also signifies the godlike nature of the celestial minds. For this too has an image and type of the divine operation (as has been demonstrated to us at length in the Symbolic Theology according to the four-element interpretation) in its natural power to move and to give life, and its swift and unrestrained course, and the hiddenness, unknown and invisible to us, of its principles of motion and its completions. “For you do not know,” it says, “where it comes from or where it goes.” But theology also fashions for them the image of a cloud, signifying by this that the holy minds are filled supercosmically with the hidden light, and that they receive the first-appearing manifestation of light without revealing it, and transmit this ungrudgingly to secondary beings in a secondary and analogical manifestation, and indeed that the power of generating, quickening, increasing, and perfecting exists in them according to the intelligible bearing of rain that calls forth the receptive bosom with fattening showers to life-giving birth pangs.

<7> And if theology also attributes the appearance of bronze and electrum and many-colored stones to the celestial substances, the electrum, as being gold-like and at the same time silver-like, signifies the incorruptible, as in gold, and costless and undiminished and undefiled transparency, and the bright, as in silver, and light-like and celestial radiance, while to bronze, according to the explanations given, either the fiery or the gold-like quality must be assigned, and the many-colored forms of the stones must be thought to signify, as white, the light-like, or as red, the fiery, or as yellow, the gold-like, or as green, the youthful and vigorous, and according to each form you will find an anagogical interpretation of the typical images. But since I think these things have been sufficiently stated by us according to our ability, we must pass on to the sacred unfolding of the sacredly figured beast-form of the celestial minds. <8> And the form of the lion must be thought to signify that which is ruling and

καὶ τὸ τῆς ὅλης ζωῆς ἀφιερωμένον, τὰς δὲ ζώνας τὸ τῶν γονίμων αὐτῶν δυνάμεων φρουρητικὸν καὶ τὸ τὴν συναγωγὸν αὐτῶν ἕξιν εἰς ἑαυτὴν ἑνιαίως συνεστράφθαι καὶ κύκλῳ μετ' εὐκοσμίας τῇ ἀμεταπτώτῳ ταὐ τότητι περὶ ἑαυτὴν συνελίσσεσθαι, <5> τὰς δὲ αὖ ·άβδους τὸ βασιλικὸν καὶ ἡγεμονικὸν καὶ εὐθείᾳ τὰ πάντα περαῖνον, τὰ δὲ δόρατα καὶ τοὺς πελέκεις τὸ τῶν ἀνομοίων διαιρετικὸν καὶ τὸ τῶν διακριτικῶν δυνάμεων ὀξὺ καὶ ἐνεργὲς καὶ δραστήριον, τὰ δὲ γεωμετρικὰ καὶ τεκτονικὰ σκεύη τὸ θεμελιωτικὸν καὶ οἰκοδομητικὸν καὶ τελειωτικὸν καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα τῆς ἀναγωγοῦ καὶ ἐπιστρεπτικῆς ἐστι τῶν δευτέρων προνοίας.

Ἔστι δὲ ὅτε καὶ τῶν εἰς ἡμᾶς θεοκρισιῶν ἐστι σύμβολα τὰ πλαττόμενα τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ὄργανα, τῶν μὲν δηλούντων ἐπανορθωτικὴν παι δείαν ἢ τιμωρὸν δικαιοσύνην, τῶν δὲ περιστάσεως ἐλευθερίαν ἢ παιδείας τέλος ἢ προτέρας εὐπαθείας ἐπανάληψιν ἢ προσθήκην ἑτέρων δωρεῶν, μικρῶν ἢ μεγάλων, αἰσθητῶν ἢ νοητῶν, καὶ ὅλως οὐκ ἂν ἀπορήσειεν ὁ διορατικὸς νοῦς οἰκείως ἁρμόσαι τοῖς ἀφανέσι τὰ φαινόμενα. <6> Τὸ δὲ καὶ ἀνέμους αὐτοὺς ὀνομάζεσθαι τὴν ὀξεῖαν αὐτῶν ἐμφαίνει καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα σχεδὸν ἀχρόνως διήκουσαν πτῆσιν καὶ τὴν ἄνωθεν ἐπὶ τὰ κάτω καὶ αὖθις ἐκ τῶν κάτω πρὸς τὸ ἄναντες διαπορθμευτικὴν κίνησιν τὴν ἀνατείνουσαν μὲν τὰ δεύτερα πρὸς τὸ ὑπέρτερον ὕψος, κινοῦσαν δὲ τὰ πρῶτα πρὸς κοινωνικὴν καὶ προνοητικὴν τῶν ὑφειμένων πρόοδον. Eἴποι δ' ἄν τις τὴν τοῦ ἀερίου πνεύματος ἀνεμιαίαν ἐπωνυμίαν καὶ τὸ θεοειδὲς τῶν οὐρανίων νοῶν ἐμφαίνειν. Ἔχει γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο θεαρχικῆς ἐνεργείας εἰκόνα καὶ τύπον (ὡς ἐν τῇ Συμβολικῇ θεολογίᾳ κατὰ τὴν τετράστοιχον ἀνακάθαρσιν ἡμῖν διὰ πλειόνων ἀποδέδεικται) κατὰ τὸ τῆς φύσεως κινητικὸν καὶ ζωογόνον καὶ τὴν ὀξεῖαν καὶ ἀκράτητον χώρησιν καὶ τὴν ἄγνωστον ἡμῖν καὶ ἀόρατον κρυφιότητα τῶν κινητικῶν ἀρχῶν καὶ ἀποπερατώσεων. «Oὐ γὰρ οἶδας» φησὶ «πόθεν ἔρχεται καὶ ποῦ ὑπάγει». Ἀλλὰ καὶ νεφέλης αὐτοῖς ἰδέαν ἡ θεολογία περιπλάττει σημαίνουσα διὰ τούτου τοὺς ἱεροὺς νόας τοῦ μὲν κρυφίου φωτὸς ὑπερκοσμίως ἀποπληρουμένους, τὴν πρωτοφανῆ δὲ φωτοφάνειαν ἀνεκπομπεύτως εἰσ δεχομένους καὶ ταύτην ἀφθόνως εἰς τὰ δεύτερα δευτεροφανῶς καὶ ἀνα λόγως διαπορθμεύοντας καὶ μὴν ὅτι τὸ γόνιμον αὐτοῖς καὶ ζωοποιὸν καὶ αὐξητικὸν καὶ τελειωτικὸν ἐνυπάρχει κατὰ τὴν νοητὴν ὀμβροτοκίαν τὴν τὸν ἐκδόχιον κόλπον πιαλέοις ὑετοῖς ἐπὶ ζωτικὰς ὠδῖνας ἐκκαλουμένην.

<7> Eἰ δὲ καὶ χαλκοῦ καὶ ἠλέκτρου καὶ λίθων πολυχρωμάτων εἶδος ἡ θεολογία ταῖς οὐρανίαις οὐσίαις περιτίθησι, τὸ μὲν ἤλεκτρον ὡς χρυσο ειδὲς ἅμα καὶ ἀργυροειδὲς ἐμφαίνει τὴν ἄσηπτον ὡς ἐν χρυσῷ καὶ ἀδά πανον καὶ ἀμείωτον καὶ ἄχραντον διαύγειαν καὶ τὴν φανὴν ὡς ἐν ἀργύρῳ καὶ φωτοειδῆ καὶ οὐρανίαν αἴγλην, τῷ δὲ χαλκῷ κατὰ τοὺς ἀποδοθέντας λόγους ἢ τὸ πυρῶδες ἢ τὸ χρυσοειδὲς ἀπονεμητέον, τὰς δὲ τῶν λίθων πολυχρωμάτους ἰδέας ἐμφαίνειν οἰητέον ἢ ὡς λευκὰς τὸ φωτοειδὲς ἢ ὡς ἐρυθρὰς τὸ πυρῶδες ἢ ὡς ξανθὰς τὸ χρυσοειδὲς ἢ ὡς χλοερὰς τὸ νεανικὸν καὶ ἀκμαῖον, καὶ καθ' ἕκαστον εἶδος εὑρήσεις ἀναγωγικὴν τῶν τυπωτικῶν εἰκόνων ἀνακάθαρσιν. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ταῦτα κατὰ δύναμιν ἡμῖν ἀρκούντως εἰρῆσθαι νομίζω, μετιτέον ἐπὶ τὴν ἱερὰν ἀνάπτυξιν τῆς τῶν οὐρανίων νοῶν ἱεροτύπου θηρομορφίας. <8> Καὶ τὴν μὲν λέοντος μορφὴν ἐμφαίνειν οἰητέον τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν καὶ