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to destroy the race not only by not sowing according to law, but also by the race being at war with and in sedition against one another. And receiving in themselves the recompense which was due for their error. See how he comes again to the source of the evil, the impiety from their doctrines, and says that this is the reward for that transgression. For since when speaking about Gehenna and punishment, he did not now seem credible to the impious and those choosing to live so, but even laughable, he shows that this punishment is in the pleasure itself. But if they do not perceive it, but take pleasure, do not be surprised; for indeed those who are mad and those possessed by the disease of frenzy, while doing much harm to themselves, and doing pitiful things, at which others weep for them, they themselves laugh and delight in what is happening. But we do not say that for this reason they are freed from punishment, but rather that for this very reason they are in a more grievous penalty, because they do not even know what state they are in. For one must cast the votes not from the sick, but from the healthy; since indeed 60.419 of old the practice seemed even to be a law, and a certain lawgiver among them commanded slaves neither to use ointments nor to practice pederasty, having conceded this precedence, or rather this indecency, to the free. But nevertheless they did not consider the practice to be an indecency, but as something august and greater than the station of slaves, they permitted it to the free; and this the most wise people of the Athenians did, and the great Solon among them. And one might find many other books of the philosophers full of this disease; but we do not for this reason say that the practice is lawful, but that those who accepted this law are pitiful and worthy of many tears. For what prostituting women suffer, these men also suffer; or rather, things more wretched than theirs. For in their case, though the intercourse is unlawful, it is according to nature; but this is both unlawful and against nature. For if there were no Gehenna, nor was punishment threatened, this would be worse than any punishment. But if they take pleasure, you speak to me of an addition to the penalty. For not even if I saw someone running naked, his whole body smeared with mire, then not covering himself up, but even priding himself in it, would I have felt pleasure with him, but I would have rather lamented him, because he does not even perceive that he is acting indecently. But that I may show the outrage more clearly, bear with another example from me. For if someone condemned a virgin who was kept in her chamber to be mixed with brute animals, then she took pleasure in the intercourse, was she not for this reason most worthy of tears, because she could not even be delivered from this disease by not even perceiving the disease? It is surely clear to everyone. But if that is grievous, this is no less so than that; for to be outraged by one's own kind is more pitiful than by those of another kind. These I say are even worse than murderers; for it is better to die than to live being so outraged. For the murderer has torn the soul from the body, but this one has destroyed the soul along with the body. And whatever sin you might name, you will say nothing equal to this transgression; and if those who suffer it were aware of what was happening, they would have accepted ten thousand deaths, so as not to suffer this. 3. For there is not, there is not anything more irrational and more grievous than this outrage. For if Paul, when discoursing about fornication, said that *Every sin that a man does is outside the body; but he who commits fornication sins against his own body*; what could we say about this madness, which is so much worse than fornication that it is not even possible to say how much? For I do not only say this, that you have become a woman, but that you have also lost your being a man, and you have neither changed into that nature, nor have you kept the one you had, but you have become a common traitor to both, and are worthy to be driven out by both men and women, and to be stoned, since you have wronged each gender. And that you may learn how great a thing this is, if someone came and promised to make you a dog out of a man, would you not have fled from him as a destroyer? But behold, you have made yourself not a dog out of a man, but an animal more dishonorable than this; for that one is useful for service, but the male prostitute

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τῷ μὴ σπείρεσθαι μόνον κατὰ νόμον τὸ γένος διαλῦσαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐκπεπολεμῶσθαι τὸ γένος καὶ στασιάζειν. Καὶ τὴν ἀντιμισθίαν, ἣν ἔδει, τῆς πλάνης αὐτῶν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἀπολαμβάνοντες. Ὅρα πῶς πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν πηγὴν ἔρχεται τοῦ κακοῦ, τὴν ἀσέβειαν τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν δογμάτων, καὶ μισθὸν τοῦτον εἶναί φησι τῆς παρανομίας ἐκείνης. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ περὶ γεέννης καὶ κολάσεως λέγων, νῦν οὐκ ἐδόκει πιστὸς εἶναι τοῖς ἀσεβέσι καὶ οὕτω ζῇν προαιρουμένοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ καταγέλαστος, δείκνυσιν ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡδονῇ ταύτην τὴν κόλασιν οὖσαν. Εἰ δὲ οὐκ αἰσθάνονται, ἀλλ' ἥδονται, μὴ θαυμάσῃς· καὶ γὰρ καὶ οἱ μαινόμενοι καὶ οἱ φρενίτιδι κατεχόμενοι νόσῳ πολλὰ ἑαυτοὺς ἀδικοῦντες, καὶ ἐλεεινὰ πράσσοντες, ἐφ' οἷς αὐτοὺς ἕτεροι δακρύουσι, γελῶσι καὶ ἐντρυφῶσι τοῖς γινομένοις αὐτοί. Ἀλλ' οὐ διὰ τοῦτό φαμεν αὐτοὺς ἀπηλλάχθαι κολάσεως, ἀλλὰ καὶ δι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο ἐν χαλεπωτέρᾳ εἶναι τιμωρίᾳ, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἴσασιν ἐν οἷς εἰσιν. Οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν νοσούντων, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῶν ὑγιαινόντων δεῖ φέρειν τὰς ψήφους· ἐπεὶ τό γε 60.419 παλαιὸν καὶ νόμος εἶναι τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐδόκει, καὶ νομοθέτης τις παρ' αὐτοῖς οἰκέτας ἐκέλευσε μήτε ξηραλοιφεῖν μήτε παιδεραστεῖν, τοῖς ἐλευθέροις τῆς προεδρείας παραχωρήσας ταύτης, μᾶλλον δὲ τῆς ἀσχημοσύνης. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐκ ἐνόμισαν ἀσχημοσύνην εἶναι τὸ πρᾶγμα, ἀλλ' ὡς σεμνὸν καὶ μεῖζον ἢ κατ' οἰκετῶν ἀξίωμα, τοῖς ἐλευθέροις ἐπέτρεψαν· καὶ τοῦτο ὁ σοφώτατος τῶν Ἀθηναίων δῆμος, καὶ ὁ μέγας παρ' αὐτοῖς Σόλων. Καὶ ἕτερα δὲ πολλὰ τῶν φιλοσόφων βιβλία ταύτης ἄν τις εὕροι γέμοντα τῆς νόσου· ἀλλ' οὐ διὰ τοῦτο νενομισμένον εἶναι τὸ πρᾶγμά φαμεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς τὸν νόμον δεξαμένους τοῦτον ἐλεεινοὺς καὶ δακρύων ἀξίους εἶναι πολλῶν. Ἃ γὰρ αἱ πορνευόμεναι πάσχουσι γυναῖκες, ταῦτα καὶ οὗτοι· μᾶλλον δὲ ἐκείνων ἀθλιώτερα. Ταῖς μὲν γὰρ εἰ καὶ παράνομος, ἀλλὰ κατὰ φύσιν ἡ μίξις· αὕτη δὲ καὶ παράνομος, καὶ παρὰ φύσιν. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ γέεννα ἦν, μηδὲ κόλασις ἠπείλητο, τοῦτο πάσης κολάσεως χεῖρον ἦν. Εἰ δὲ ἥδονται, τὴν προσθήκην μοι λέγεις τῆς τιμωρίας. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἴ τινα εἶδον γυμνὸν τρέχοντα, βορβόρῳ τὸ σῶμα ἀνακεχρωσμένον ἅπαν, εἶτα οὐκ ἐγκαλυπτόμενον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐγκαλλωπιζόμενον, συνήσθην ἂν αὐτῷ, ἀλλὰ καὶ μᾶλλον ἂν αὐτὸν ἐθρήνησα, ὅτι οὐδὲ αἰσθάνεται ἀσχημονῶν. Ἵνα δὲ καὶ σαφεστέραν δείξω τὴν ὕβριν, ἀνάσχεσθέ μου καὶ ἑτέρου παραδείγματος. Εἰ γὰρ παρθένον τις κατεδίκασε θαλαμευομένην ἀλόγοις μιγῆναι ζώοις, εἶτα ἥδετο ἐκείνη τῇ μίξει, οὐ διὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα δακρύων ἦν ἀξία, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἀπαλλαγῆναι τῆς νόσου ταύτης ἠδύνατο τῷ μηδὲ αἰσθάνεσθαι τῆς νόσου; Παντί που δῆλόν ἐστιν. Εἰ δὲ ἐκεῖνο χαλεπὸν, οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἔλαττον ἐκείνου· τὸ γὰρ ὑπὸ τῶν οἰκείων ὑβρίζεσθαι ἐλεεινότερον τοῦ παρὰ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων. Τούτους ἐγὼ καὶ ἀνδροφόνων χείρους εἶναί φημι· καὶ γὰρ βέλτιον ἀποθανεῖν, ἢ ζῇν ὑβριζόμενον οὕτως. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἀνδροφόνος τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ σώματος διέῤῥηξεν, οὗτος δὲ τὴν ψυχὴν μετὰ τοῦ σώματος ἀπώλεσε. Καὶ ὅπερ ἂν εἴποις ἁμάρτημα, οὐδὲν ἴσον ἐρεῖς τῆς παρανομίας ταύτης· καὶ εἰ ἐπῃσθάνοντο τῶν γινομένων οἱ πάσχοντες, μυρίους ἂν κατεδέξαντο θανάτους, ὥστε μὴ τοῦτο παθεῖν. γʹ. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστι ταύτης τῆς ὕβρεως ἀλογώτερόν τε καὶ χαλεπώτερον. Εἰ γὰρ περὶ πορνείας διαλεγόμενος ὁ Παῦλος ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Πᾶν ἁμάρτημα, ὃ ἐὰν ποιήσῃ ἄνθρωπος, ἐκτὸς τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν· ὁ δὲ πορνεύων εἰς τὸ ἴδιον σῶμα ἁμαρτάνει· τί ἂν εἴποιμεν περὶ τῆς μανίας ταύτης, ἣ τοσοῦτον πορνείας χείρων ἐστὶν, ὅσον οὐδὲ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν; Οὐδὲ γὰρ τοῦτο λέγω μόνον, ὅτι γέγονας γυνὴ, ἀλλ' ὅτι ἀπώλεσας καὶ τὸ εἶναι ἀνὴρ, καὶ οὔτε εἰς ταύτην μετέστης τὴν φύσιν, οὔτε ἣν εἶχες διετήρησας, ἀλλὰ κοινὸς ἑκατέρας ἐγένου προδότης, καὶ παρὰ ἀνδρῶν καὶ γυναικῶν ἄξιος ἐλαύνεσθαι, καὶ καταλεύεσθαι, ἅτε ἑκάτερον ἀδικήσας τὸ γένος. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς ἡλίκον τοῦτό ἐστιν, εἴ τις ἐλθὼν ἐπηγγέλλετο ἐξ ἀνθρώπων κύνα ποιεῖν σε, ἆρα οὐκ ἂν ὡς λυμεῶνα ἔφυγες; Ἀλλ' ἰδοὺ οὐ κύνα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων σαυτὸν ἐποίησας, ἀλλὰ τὸ τούτου ζῶον ἀτιμότερον· ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ εἰς χρῆσιν ἐπιτήδειον, ὁ δὲ ἡταιρηκὼς