It is not that God has not been called 20father20, or that those who are considered to have believed in God have not been named sons of God; but rather that in prayer we have not yet found the boldness announced by the Savior for naming God 20father20. But that God is called 20father20 and those who have come to the word of God are sons, it is possible to see in many places, as also in Deuteronomy: “You have forsaken God who begot you, and you have forgotten God who nourishes you,” and again: “Is not he himself your 20father20 who acquired you and made you and created you?” And again: “sons, in whom there is no faith”; and in Isaiah: “I have begotten and exalted sons, but they have rejected me”; and in Malachi: “A son will glorify his father, and a servant his lord. And if I am a 20father20, where is my glory? And if I am a lord, where is the fear of me?” 22.2 And so if God is called 20father20, and those born by the word of faith in him are sons, yet it is not possible to see the steadfast and unchanging nature of sonship among the ancients. For the very passages we have quoted show that those who are called sons are at fault; since according to the apostle, as long as “the heir is a child, he is no different from a slave, though he is the owner of everything, but he is under guardians and managers until the date set by the 20of the father20”; but “the fullness of time” is in the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, when those who are willing receive the adoption, as Paul teaches through these words: “For you did not receive a spirit of slavery to fall back into fear, but you have received a spirit of adoption, by which we cry, 'Abba, 20Father20'”; and in John: “But to all who received him, he gave them the power to become children of God, to those who believe in his name.” And for this reason, concerning the “spirit of adoption”, we have learned in the catholic epistle of John about those who have been born of God that “everyone who has been born of God does not commit sin, because his seed remains in him; and he cannot sin, because he has been born of God.” 22.3 If, however, we should understand what this is: “when you pray, say: 20Father20,” which is written in Luke, we shall hesitate, not having become genuine sons, to utter this word to him, lest perhaps in addition to our other sins we should also become liable to a charge of impiety. What I am saying is something like this. Paul says in the first epistle to the Corinthians: “No one can say, 'Jesus is Lord,' except by the Holy Spirit, and no one speaking by the Spirit of God says, 'Jesus be cursed,'” calling the Holy Spirit and the Spirit “of God” the same thing. But what it is to say 'Jesus is Lord' “by the Holy Spirit” is not at all clear, since countless hypocrites and very many heretics utter the phrase, and sometimes even demons, being overcome by the power in the name. No one, therefore, will dare to declare that any of these says 'Jesus is Lord' “by the Holy Spirit”; wherefore they would not even be shown to say 'Jesus is Lord,' for only they say “Jesus is Lord” who do so from a disposition of serving the Word of God and proclaiming no one but him as Lord in whatever they do. But if such are those who say, “Jesus is Lord,” perhaps everyone who sins, by his lawlessness cursing the divine Word, has cried out through his works: “Jesus be cursed.” Therefore, just as such a one says “Jesus is Lord” and the one disposed oppositely to him says “Jesus be cursed,” so “everyone who has been born of God” and does not commit “sin” because he partakes of the seed of God, which turns away all sin, says through what he does: “0Our Father who art in heaven20,” the Spirit itself bearing witness with their “spirit” “that” they are “children of God” “and heirs” of him and “joint heirs” with “Christ,” since suffering with him they also reasonably hope to be glorified with him. And so that such people may not say “0Our Father20” by halves, along with their works the heart also, the source and beginning of good works, believes “for righteousness,” with which the mouth correspondingly confesses “for salvation.” 22.4 Every deed, therefore, of theirs and word and thought, being formed by the only-begotten Word according to him,
θεὸς 20πατὴρ20 οὐκ εἴρηται, ἢ οἱ πεπιστευκέναι νομιζό μενοι θεῷ υἱοὶ οὐκ ὠνομάσθησαν θεοῦ, ἀλλ' ὅτι ἐν προσευχῇ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος κατηγγελμένην παῤῥησίαν περὶ τοῦ ὀνομάσαι τὸν θεὸν 20πατέρα20 οὐχ εὕρομέν πω. ὅτι δὲ εἴρηται 20πατὴρ20 ὁ θεὸς καὶ υἱοὶ οἱ τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ θεοῦ προσεληλυθότες, πολλαχοῦ ἔστιν ἰδεῖν ὥσπερ καὶ ἐν ∆ευτερονομίῳ· «θεὸν τὸν γεννήσαντά σε ἐγκατέλιπες, καὶ ἐπελάθου θεοῦ τοῦ τρέφοντός σε,» καὶ πάλιν· «οὐκ αὐτὸς οὗτός σου 20πατὴρ20 ἐκτήσατό σε καὶ ἐποίησέ σε καὶ ἔκτισέ σε;» καὶ πάλιν· «υἱοὶ, οἷς οὐκ ἔστι πίστις ἐν αὐτοῖς»· καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἡσαΐᾳ· «υἱοὺς ἐγέννησα καὶ ὕψωσα, αὐτοὶ δέ με ἠθέτησαν»· καὶ ἐν τῷ Μαλαχίᾳ· «υἱὸς δοξάσει πατέρα, καὶ δοῦλος τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ. καὶ εἰ 20πατήρ20 εἰμι ἐγὼ, ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα μου; καὶ εἰ κύριός εἰμι ἐγὼ, ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ φόβος μου;» 22.2 καὶ εἰ λέγεται τοίνυν 20πατὴρ20 ὁ θεὸς, καὶ υἱοὶ οἱ τῷ λόγῳ τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν πίστεως γεγεννημένοι, τὸ βέβαιόν γε καὶ τὸ ἀμετάπτω τον τῆς υἱότητος οὐκ ἔστιν ἰδεῖν παρὰ τοῖς ἀρχαίοις. αὐτὰ γοῦν ἃ παρεθέμεθα ὑπαιτίους ἐμφαίνει εἶναι τοὺς λεγομένους υἱούς· ἐπεὶ κατὰ τὸν ἀπόστολον, ἕως «ὁ κληρονόμος νήπιός ἐστιν, οὐδὲν δια φέρει δούλου, κύριος πάντων ὢν, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ ἐπιτρόπους ἐστὶ καὶ οἰ κονόμους ἄχρι τῆς προθεσμίας τοῦ 20πατρός20»· «τὸ» δὲ «πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου» ἐν τῇ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐπιδημίᾳ ἔνεστιν, ὅτε τὴν υἱοθεσίαν ἀπολαμβάνουσιν οἱ βουλόμενοι, ὡς ὁ Παῦλος δι δάσκει διὰ τούτων· «οὐ γὰρ ἐλάβετε πνεῦμα δουλείας εἰς φόβον ἀλλὰ ἐλάβετε πνεῦμα υἱοθεσίας, ἐν ᾧ κράζομεν· Ἀββὰ ὁ 20πατήρ20»· καὶ ἐν τῷ κατὰ Ἰωάννην· «ὅσοι δὲ ἔλαβον αὐτὸν, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τέκνα θεοῦ γενέσθαι, τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐ τοῦ.» καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τὸ τῆς «υἱοθεσίας πνεῦμα» ἐν τῇ καθολικῇ τοῦ Ἰωάννου ἐπιστολῇ περὶ τῶν ἐκ θεοῦ γεγεννημένων μεμαθή καμεν ὅτι «πᾶς ὁ γεγεννημένος ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἁμαρτίαν οὐ ποιεῖ, ὅτι σπέρμα αὐτοῖ ἐν αὐτῷ μένει· καὶ οὐ δύναται ἁμαρτάνειν, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ γεγέννηται.» 22.3 εἰ μέντοι νοήσαιμεν, τί ἐστι τὸ «ὅταν προσεύχησθε, λέγετε· 20πάτερ20,» ὅπερ παρὰ τῷ Λουκᾷ· γέγραπται, ὀκνήσομεν μὴ γενόμενοι υἱοὶ γνήσιοι προενέγκασθαι ταύτην τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῷ, μή ποτε πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις ἡμῶν ἁμαρτήμασι καὶ ἀσεβείας ἐγκλήματι ἔνοχοι γενώμεθα. ὃ δὲ λέγω, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι. φησὶν ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ πρὸς Κορινθίους ὁ Παῦλος· «οὐδεὶς δύναται εἰπεῖν· κύριος Ἰησοῦς, εἰ μὴ ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐν πνεύματι θεοῦ λαλῶν λέγει· ἀνάθεμα Ἰησοῦς,» τὸ αὐτὸ ὀνομάζων ἅγιον πνεῦμα καὶ πνεῦμα «θεοῦ.» τί δὲ τὸ εἰπεῖν «ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ» κύριον Ἰησοῦν, οὐ πάνυ ἐστὶ σαφὲς, προφερομέ νων τὴν φωνὴν ὑποκριτῶν μυρίων καὶ ἑτεροδόξων πλειόνων, ἐνίοτε καὶ δαιμόνων, νικωμένων ὑπὸ τῆς ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι δυνάμεως. οὐδεὶς οὖν τολμήσει τινὰ τούτων ἀποφήνασθαι «ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ» λέγειν κύριον Ἰησοῦν· διόπερ οὐδ' ἂν δειχθεῖεν λέγειν κύριον Ἰησοῦν, μόνων τῶν ἀπὸ διαθέσεως λεγόντων ἐν τῷ δουλεύειν τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ μηδένα παρὰ τοῦτον ἐν τῷ ὅ τι ποτ' οὖν πράττειν ἀναγορευόν των κύριον τό· «κύριος Ἰησοῦς.» εἰ δὲ τοιοῦτοι οἱ λέγοντες· «κύριος Ἰησοῦς,» τάχα πᾶς ὁ ἁμαρτάνων, διὰ τοῦ παρανομεῖν ἀναθεματίζων τὸν θεῖον λόγον, διὰ τῶν ἔργων κέκραγεν· «ἀνάθεμα Ἰησοῦς.» ὥσπερ οὖν ὁ τοιόσδε λέγει· «κύριος Ἰησοῦς» καὶ ὁ τούτῳ ἐναντίως διακεί μενος τὸ «ἀνάθεμα Ἰησοῦς,» οὕτως «πᾶς ὁ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ γεγεννημένος» καὶ μὴ ποιῶν «ἁμαρτίαν» τῷ σπέρματος μετέχειν θεοῦ, πάσης ἁμαρ τίας ἀποτρέποντος, δι' ὧν πράττει λέγει· «0πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς20,» αὐτοῦ τοῦ πνεύματος συμμαρτυροῦντος «τῷ πνεύματι» αὐτῶν «ὅτι» εἰσὶ «τέκνα θεοῦ» «καὶ κληρονόμοι» αὐτοῦ «συγκληρονόμοι» τε τοῦ «Χριστοῦ,» ἐπεὶ συμπάσχοντες καὶ συνδοξάζεσθαι ἐλπίζουσιν εὐλόγως. ἵνα δὲ μὴ ἐξ ἡμίσους λέγωσι τὸ «0πάτερ ἡμῶν20» οἱ τοιοῦτοι, μετὰ τῶν ἔργων καὶ ἡ καρδία, ἡ τῶν καλῶν ἔργων πηγὴ καὶ ἀρχὴ, πιστεύει «εἰς δικαιοσύνην,» οἷς συμφώνως τὸ στόμα ὁμολογεῖ «εἰς σωτηρίαν.» 22.4 πᾶν οὖν ἔργον αὐτοῖς καὶ λόγος καὶ νόημα, ὑπὸ τοῦ μονο γενοῦς λόγου μεμορφωμένα κατ' αὐτὸν,