of the other man; wherefore he is required to pay the penalty for the murder, but he alone suffers loss in his soul. For this, I think, is what this means: But he that is dead shall be for him. If a man is found stealing a person from his brethren, of the sons of Israel, and having overcome him, sells him, that thief shall die. He who through deceit has stolen one who has chosen to think rightly and pursues a life free from evil, and having overcome him and sold him into the slavery of impious doctrines or bodily passions, shall die a spiritual death. If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and kills it or sells it, he shall pay five oxen for the ox. Both the ox and the sheep are likewise clean and offered to God, and both are a type of those who have been cleansed through faith in Christ and holy baptism, and are offered to God. For these too, having cloven hooves, as walking by means of action and contemplation, and chewing the cud, as refining the grosser food of the word into a higher contemplation, are stabled in the divine courts of the Church. But the ox is a symbol of the higher things; while the sheep is of the lower; for the ox is greater, and the sheep is lesser. If, therefore, a heretic steals one of these secretly, and having led him away from piety kills him with the sword of impious doctrines, or sells him to 77.1240 passions that enslave him, he shall pay a penalty in proportion to the former virtue of the one who was stolen. For this is indicated by the greater and lesser penalty. But if the thief is found, he says, breaking in, [φ. δ. καὶ] and being struck dies, murder will not be reckoned. For one who is found breaking into the Church, in order to steal a soul, if someone happens to kill him, he is not liable for murder, at least according to the civil law, as one who is robbing more openly and shamelessly. But if the sun has risen upon him, he says, he who killed him shall be liable. For if the sun of repentance and piety should rise upon the one who is stealing, as has been said, the one who killed him shall be liable, as having slain a pious man and a fellow believer. But if he has nothing, he says, let him be sold for his theft. For the word knows the thief who does not have the means to ward off the charges with ransoms—I mean, ways of repentance and of counterbalancing the sins—to be without honor; for he who is sold is without honor. But if it is caught, he says, and the stolen thing is found in his hand, he shall pay double. For not yet having carried it off to destruction, he will suffer a small penalty; for the owner will take back his own again, and will demand from the thief an account of the theft. The law through Moses commanded not to go out to war: neither the one who has built a new house and has not dedicated it, nor the one who has planted a vineyard and has not rejoiced from it, nor the one who has betrothed a wife and has not taken her, nor the one who is fearful in heart. The one who has built the new house is a type of him who considers the present life a permanent dwelling, and not a temporary sojourn; the one who planted the vineyard, of the lover of gain; the one who betrothed the wife, of the lover of the flesh. Or, in another way: The first is of the lover of glory. The second, of the lover of money. The third, of the lover of pleasure. Through these three, the three general kinds of evil were shown. For the coward is divided among these three. For all who are held by these are cowards, and not only are they unfit for the spiritual war, but they might also become a cause of cowardice and flight for others. For the possession of the aforementioned passions turns them back, and evil companionships corrupt good morals. Wherefore also the great Paul, rebuking those who were hindering him from going up to Jerusalem, said: What are you doing, weeping and breaking my heart? For I am ready not only to be bound, but also to die for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. But if anyone takes a wife recently, he shall not go out to
τοῦ ἀλλοτρίου· διὸ καὶ ἀπαιτεῖται μὲν δίκην ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀναιρέσεως, αὐτὸς δὲ μόνος ζημιοῦται κατὰ ψυχήν. Τοῦτο γὰρ, οἶμαι, δηλοῖ, τό· Ὁ δὲ τετελυτηκὼς αὐτῷ ἔσται. Ἐὰν ἄνθρωπος κλέπτων ψυχὴν ἐκ τῶν ἀδελ φῶν αὑτοῦ, τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ, καταδυνα στεύσας ἀποδῶται, ἀποθανεῖται ὁ κλέπτης ἐκεῖνος. Ὁ δι' ἀπάτης ὑφελὼν τὸν ὀρθὰ φρονεῖν ἑλόμενον, καὶ μετερχόμενον βίον ἐλεύθερον κακίας, καὶ καταδυναστεύσας καὶ ἀποδόμενος εἰς δουλείαν ἀσεβῶν δογμάτων, ἢ σωματικῶν παθῶν, ἀποθανεῖται θάνατον ψυχικόν. Ἐάν τις κλέψῃ μόσχον ἢ πρόβατον, καὶ σφάξῃ ἢ ἀποδῶται, εʹ μόσχους ἀποτίσει ἀντὶ τοῦ μόσχου. Καὶ ὁ μόσχος καὶ τὸ πρόβατον καθαρὰ ὁμοίως καὶ τῷ Θεῷ προσαγόμενα, καὶ ἄμφω τύπος τῶν καθαρθέντων διὰ τῆς εἰς Χριστὸν πίστεως καὶ τοῦ ἀγίου βαπτίσματος, καὶ Θεῷ προσαγομένων. ∆ιχηλοῦντες γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι ὡς διὰ πράξεως καὶ θεωρίας βαδίζοντες, καὶ μηρυκισμὸν ἀνάγοντες, ὡς τὴν παχυτέραν τοῦ λόγου τροφὴν καταλεπτύνοντες εἰς θεωρίαν ὑψηλοτέραν, καὶ ταῖς θείαις αὐλαῖς τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ἐνσεσηκισμένοι. Ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν μόσχος σύμβολον τῶν ὑψηλοτέρων· τὸ δὲ πρόβατον τῶν ὑποβεβηκότων· μείζων μὲν γὰρ ὁ μόσχος, μεῖον δὲ τὸ πρόβατον. Ἐάν τις τοιγαροῦν αἱρετικὸς κλέψῃ τινὰ τούτων λεληθότως, καὶ ἀπαγαγὼν τῆς εὐσεβείας ἀποκτείνῃ τῇ μαχαίρᾳ τῶν ἀσεβῶν δογμάτων, ἣ ἀποδῶται πά 77.1240 θεσι καταδουλοῦσιν αὐτὸν, ἀνάλογον τῇ προτέρᾳ ἀρετῇ τοῦ κλαπέντος, ἀποτίσει δίκην. Τοῦτο γὰρ δηλοῦται διὰ τῆς μείζονος ζημίας καὶ μείονος. Ἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῷ διορύγματι, φησὶν, εὑρεθῇ ὁ κλέπτης, [φ. δ. καὶ] πληγεὶς ἀποθάνῃ, οὐ λογισθήσεται φόνος. Τὸν γὰρ εὑρισκόμενον διορύττοντα τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν, ἵνα κλέψῃ ψυχὴν, εἰ τύχῃ τις ἀνελὼν, οὐκ ἐνέχεται φόνῳ, ὅσον ἐπὶ τῷ πολιτικῷ νόμῳ, ὡς φανερώτερον καὶ ἀναισχύντως λῃστεύοντα. Ἐὰν δὲ ἀνατείλῃ, φησὶν, ἐπ' αὐτὸν ὁ ἥλιος, ἔνοχος ἔσται ὁ ἀνελών. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπὶ τὸν, ὡς εἴρηται, κλέπτοντα ἀνατείλῃ ὁ ἥλιος τῆς μετανοίας καὶ τῆς εὐσεβείας, ἔνοχος ἔσται ὁ ἀνελὼν, ὡς εὐσεβῆ καὶ ὁμόπιστον ἀνῃρηκώς. Ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ὑπάρχῃ αὐτῷ, φησὶ, πραθήτω ἀντὶ τοῦ κλέμματος. Τὸν γὰρ μὴ ἔχοντα λύτροις ἀποκρούεσθαι τὰ ἐγκλήματα κλέπτην, λέγω δὴ τρόπους μετανοίας καὶ ἀντισηκώσεως τῶν ἡμαρτημένων, ἄτιμον οἶδεν ὁ λόγος· ὁ γὰρ πιπρασκόμενος, ἄτιμος. Ἐὰν δὲ καταληφθῇ, φησὶ, καὶ εὑρεθῇ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ κλέμμα, διπλοῦν ἀποτίσει. Μή πω γὰρ ἀποκομίσας εἰς ὄλεθρον, ὀλίγην ὑποστήσεται ζημίαν· ἀναλήψεται γὰρ πάλιν τὸ οἰκεῖον ὁ δεσπότης, καὶ προσαπαιτήσει τὸν κλέπτην λόγους τῆς κλοπῆς. Ἐκέλευσεν ὁ διὰ Μωσέως νόμος μὴ ἐξελθεῖν εἰς πόλεμον, μήτε τὸν οἰκοδομήσαντα οἰκίαν καινὴν, καὶ μὴ ἐγκαινίσαντα αὐτὴν, μήτε τὸν φυτεύσαντα ἀμπελῶνα, καὶ μὴ εὐφρανθέντα ἀπ' αὐτοῦ, μήτε τὸν μνηστευσάμενον γυναῖκα, καὶ μὴ λαβόντα αὐτὴν, μήτε τὸν δειλὸν τῇ καρδίᾳ. Τύπος δὲ τοῦ μὲν κατοικίαν, ἀλλ' οὐ παροικίαν, τὸν παρόντα βίον ἡγουμένου, τὴν καινὴν οἰκίαν οἰκοδομήσανται· τοῦ δὲ φιλοκερδοῦς ὁ τὸν ἀμπελῶνα φυτεύσας· τοῦ φιλοσάρκου ὁ τὴν γυναῖκα μνηστευσάμενος. Ἢ καὶ ἑτέρως· Ὁ πρῶτος μὲν τοῦ φιλοδόξου. Ὁ δεύτερος δὲ τοῦ φιλαργύρου. Ὁ τρίτος δὲ τοῦ φιληδόνου. ∆ιὰ τῶν τριῶν δὲ τούτων τὰ τρία γενικὰ εἴδη τῆς κακίας ἐφαίνετο. Ὁ γὰρ δειλὸς τοῖς τρισὶ τούτοις ἐπιμερίζεται. ∆ειλοὶ γὰρ πάντες οἱ τούτοις ἐνεχόμενοι, καὶ οὐ μόνον ἀδόκιμοι πρὸς νοητὸν πόλεμον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄλλοις αἴτιοι γένοιντ' ἂν δειλίας καὶ φυγῆς. Ἐπιστρέφει γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἡ τῶν εἰρημένων παθῶν σχέσις, καὶ φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρηστὰ ὁμιλίαι κακαί. ∆ιὸ καὶ ὁ μέγας Παῦλος ἐπιτιμῶν τοῖς κωλύουσιν αὐτὸν ἀναβαίνειν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, ἕλεγε· Τί ποιεῖτε κλαίοντες καὶ συνθρύπτοντές μου τὴν καρδίαν; Ἐγὼ γὰρ οὐ μόνον δεθῆναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀποθανεῖν ἑτοίμως ἔχω ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ἐὰν δέ τις λάβη γυναῖκα προσφάτως, οὐκ ἐξελεύσεται εἰς