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useful for nothing. What then, tell me, if someone threatened to make men give birth and be in childbed, would we not be filled with anger? But behold, now those who rage for such things have wrought for themselves things more grievous; for it is not the same to be changed into a woman's nature, and, while remaining a man, to become a woman, 60.420 or rather, neither this nor that. But if you wish to learn from another source the excess of this evil, ask for what reason the lawmakers punish those who make eunuchs, and you will know that it is for no other reason at all than that they mutilate nature. And yet they do not do so great a wrong; for those who have been mutilated have become useful in many ways even after their mutilation; but nothing could be more useless than a man who has been debauched; for not only the soul, but also the body of one who has suffered such things is dishonored and worthy of being driven out from everywhere. How many Gehennas will be sufficient for these? But if you laugh at hearing of Gehenna and disbelieve, recall that fire of the Sodomites; for we have seen, we have seen even in the present life an image of Gehenna. For since many were going to disbelieve in the things after the resurrection, now hearing that there is an unquenchable fire, God has brought them to their senses by present things. Such, at any rate, is the conflagration of the Sodomites and that fire-setting; and those who have been there know, having seen with their own eyes that divinely-sent plague and the work of the thunderbolts from above. Consider how great the sin is, that it forced Gehenna to appear even before its time. For since many disdained the words, God showed them its image through deeds in a new way. For that rain was strange, because the intercourse was also against nature; and it flooded the land, because desire also flooded their souls. Therefore the rain was also the opposite of the usual kind; for not only did it not rouse the womb of the earth to the generation of fruits, but it also made it useless for the very reception of seeds. For such was the intercourse of the men of the land of the Sodomites, rendering such a body more useless. For what is more disgusting than a man who has been debauched? What more accursed? O the madness! O the frenzy! From where did this desire burst in, treating human nature as enemies do, or rather, even worse than they, inasmuch as the soul is better than the body? O you who are more senseless than the irrational animals, and more shameless than dogs! For such intercourse is nowhere found among them, but nature recognizes its own boundaries; but you, by your outrages, have made your own race more dishonored even than the irrational animals. From where, then, were these evils born? From luxury, from not knowing God; for whenever some cast out the fear of him, all good things are gone thereafter. 4. In order, then, that this may not happen, let us have the fear of God accurately before our eyes. For nothing, nothing so destroys a man, as to fall away from this anchor; just as nothing saves, as to look there continually. For if, when we have a man before our eyes, we become more hesitant to sin, and often, even blushing before our slaves, we act more decently and do nothing amiss, consider how much security we shall enjoy by having God before our eyes. For the devil will nowhere attack us when we are so disposed, since his labors would be in vain; but if he sees us wandering outside, and going about without a bridle, having taken his starting point from us, he will then be able to lead us astray everywhere. And what the lazy servants suffer in the marketplace, having forsaken the necessary services for which they were sent by their masters, and simply and idly being riveted to things that fall in their way, 60.421 and wasting their time there, this is what we also endure when we depart from the commandments of God. For we then stand admiring wealth, and beauty of body, and the other things that are nothing to us, just as those servants of beggars pay attention to wonder-workers, and then, coming late, endure the worst beatings at home. And many have also passed by the way set before them, for others

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οὐδαμοῦ χρήσιμος. Τί δὲ, εἰπέ μοι, εἴ τις ἠπείλει ποιεῖν τίκτειν ἄνδρας καὶ λοχεύεσθαι, οὐκ ἂν ἐπλήσθημεν θυμοῦ; Ἀλλ' ἰδοὺ νῦν χαλεπώτερα ἑαυτοὺς κατειργάσαντο οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λυττῶντες· οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἴσον εἰς γυναικείαν μεταβαλεῖν φύσιν, καὶ μένοντα ἄνδρα γενέσθαι γυναῖκα, 60.420 μᾶλλον δὲ μήτε τοῦτο μήτε ἐκεῖνο. Εἰ δὲ βούλει καὶ ἑτέρωθεν μαθεῖν τοῦ κακοῦ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν, ἐρώτησον τίνος ἕνεκεν τοὺς εὐνούχους ποιοῦντας κολάζουσιν οἱ νομοθέται, καὶ εἴσῃ, ὅτι δι' οὐδὲν ἕτερον πάντως, ἢ ὅτι τὴν φύσιν ἀκρωτηριάζουσι. Καίτοι γε οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦσιν ἐκεῖνοι τοσοῦτον· ἐγένοντο γὰρ οἱ ἀκρωτηριασθέντες καὶ μετὰ τὸν ἀκρωτηριασμὸν πολλαχοῦ χρήσιμοι· ἀνθρώπου δὲ πεπορνευμένου οὐδὲν ἀχρηστότερον γένοιτ' ἄν· οὐ γὰρ ἡ ψυχὴ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ τὰ τοιαῦτα παθόντος ἄτιμον καὶ ἄξιον ἐλαύνεσθαι πανταχόθεν. Πόσαι γέενναι τούτοις ἀρκέσουσιν; Εἰ δὲ γεέννης καταγελᾷς ἀκούων καὶ ἀπιστεῖς, ἐκεῖνο τὸ πῦρ ἀναμνήσθητι τῶν Σοδόμων· εἴδομεν γὰρ, εἴδομεν καὶ ἐν τῷ παρόντι βίῳ γεέννης εἰκόνα. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλοὶ τοῖς μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἔμελλον διαπιστεῖν, νῦν ἀκούοντες πῦρ ἄσβεστον εἶναι, ἀπὸ τῶν παρόντων αὐτοὺς ἐσωφρόνισεν ὁ Θεός. Τοιοῦτος γοῦν ἐστιν ὁ Σοδόμων ἐμπρησμὸς καὶ ἡ πυρπόλησις ἐκείνη· καὶ ἴσασιν οἱ παραγενόμενοι, καὶ τῇ θέᾳ τὴν πληγὴν ἐκείνην τὴν θεήλατον καὶ τῶν ἄνωθεν κεραυνῶν τὸ ἔργον ἰδόντες. Ἐννόησον ἡλίκον ἐστὶ τὸ ἁμάρτημα, ὡς βιάσασθαι καὶ πρὸ καιροῦ τὴν γέενναν φανῆναι. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλοὶ τῶν λόγων κατεφρόνουν, διὰ τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῖς τὴν ἐκείνης εἰκόνα ἐπέδειξεν ὁ Θεὸς καινῷ τινι τρόπῳ. Καὶ γὰρ παράδοξος ἦν ὁ ὑετὸς ἐκεῖνος, ἐπειδὴ καὶ παρὰ φύσιν ἡ μίξις· καὶ κατέκλυσε τὴν γῆν, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τὰς ἐκείνων ψυχὰς ἡ ἐπιθυμία. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἀπεναντίας ἦν ὁ ὑετὸς τῷ συνήθει· οὐ γὰρ μόνον οὐ διήγειρε τὴν γαστέρα τῆς γῆς πρὸς τὴν τῶν καρπῶν γένεσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τὴν ὑποδοχὴν αὐτὴν τῶν σπερμάτων ἄχρηστον ἐποίει. Τοιαύτη γὰρ ἦν ἡ μίξις τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῆς γῆς Σοδόμων, τὸ τοιοῦτον σῶμα ἀχρηστότερον ἀποφαίνουσα. Τί γὰρ ἀνδρὸς πεπορνευμένου μυσαρώτερον; τί δὲ ἐναγέστερον; Ὢ τῆς μανίας! ὢ τῆς παραπληξίας! πόθεν εἰσεκώμασεν ἡ ἐπιθυμία αὕτη, τὰ τῶν πολεμίων διατιθεῖσα τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐκείνων χαλεπωτέρα, ὅσῳ καὶ ψυχὴ σώματος ἀμείνων; Ὦ καὶ ἀλόγων ὑμεῖς ἀνοητότεροι, καὶ κυνῶν ἀναιδέστεροι! Οὐδαμοῦ γὰρ τοιαύτη μίξις παρ' ἐκείνοις, ἀλλ' ἐπιγινώσκει τοὺς ἰδίους ὅρους ἡ φύσις· ὑμεῖς δὲ καὶ τῶν ἀλόγων ἀτιμότερον τὸ γένος εἰργάσασθε τὸ ὑμέτερον καθυβρίζοντες. Πόθεν οὖν ταῦτα ἐτέχθη τὰ κακά; Ἀπὸ τρυφῆς, ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ εἰδέναι Θεόν· ὅταν γὰρ ἐκβάλωσί τινες αὐτοῦ τὸν φόβον, πάντα οἴχεται λοιπὸν τὰ καλά. δʹ. Ἵν' οὖν μὴ τοῦτο γένηται, ἔχωμεν πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν ἀκριβῆ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον. Οὐδὲν γὰρ, οὐδὲν οὕτως ἀπόλλυσιν ἄνθρωπον, ὡς τὸ ταύτης ἐκπεσεῖν τῆς ἀγκύρας· ὥσπερ οὐδὲν σώζει, ὡς τὸ διηνεκῶς ἐκεῖ βλέπειν. Εἰ γὰρ ἄνθρωπον ἔχοντες πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν, ὀκνηρότεροι γινόμεθα περὶ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, πολλάκις δὲ καὶ οἰκέτας ἐρυθριάσαντες ἐπιεικεστέρους, οὐδὲν πράττομεν ἄτοπον, ἐννόησον πόσης ἀπολαύσομεν ἀσφαλείας, τὸν Θεὸν πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν ἔχοντες. Οὐδαμοῦ γὰρ ὁ διάβολος ἡμῖν οὕτω διακειμένοις ἐπιθήσεται, ἅτε ἀνόνητα πονῶν· ἂν δὲ πλανωμένους ἔξω, καὶ χωρὶς χαλινοῦ περιιόντας ἴδῃ, παρ' ἡμῶν λαβὼν τὴν ἀρχὴν, πανταχοῦ λοιπὸν ἡμᾶς ἀποβουκολῆσαι δυνήσεται. Καὶ ὅπερ οἱ ῥᾴθυμοι τῶν οἰκετῶν πάσχουσιν ἐπ' ἀγορᾶς, τὰς μὲν ἀναγκαίας ἀφέντες διακονίας, ἐφ' ἅς εἰσιν ἀπεσταλμένοι παρὰ τῶν δεσποτῶν, ἁπλῶς δὲ καὶ εἰκῆ τοῖς παρεμπίπτουσι προσ 60.421 ηλούμενοι, καὶ τὴν σχολὴν ἐκεῖ καταναλίσκοντες, τοῦτο καὶ ἡμεῖς ὑπομένομεν, ὅταν ἀποστῶμεν τῶν ἐπιταγμάτων τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἑστήκαμεν γὰρ λοιπὸν πλοῦτον θαυμάζοντες, καὶ κάλλος σώματος, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τὰ μηδὲν πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνοι οἱ οἰκέται τῶν ἐπαιτῶν τοῖς θαυματοποιοῦσι προσέχουσιν, εἶτα ἐλθόντες βραδέως, οἴκοι τὰς ἐσχάτας ὑπομένουσι πληγάς. Πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν προκειμένην παρῆλθον, ἑτέροις