24

and deliberately filling his belly from contributions each evening as it came, after the service of Compline he would go to his cell and say to the one who served him: "Behold, humble one, I am overcome by thirst. But prepare something warm, and give it to me to drink and to be refreshed from my thirst." That one, then, as was his custom, is found immediately well-disposed and a most effective servant, since he himself was also feasting with him and drinking the wine more spiritedly and gulping it down, with the darkness awarding him concealment. And after drinking once, he is roused again to a desire for foods, and being secretly, as it were, stolen away by the sweetness of the foods, he is imperceptibly satiated and makes his belly thick and unmanageable and not submissive to the impulse of the soul. (70) Then his reasoning says to him: "Dismiss your servant and stand to say your usual prayer." The other reasoning answers and says to him: "And how can you stand, being full and laden? Sleep for a little while and help nature to digest the foods, and arise before the gathering. And then, having a more mobile body, you will pray well." He obeys the reasoning, and falling down, he sleeps, and if he should awaken, he does not get up, but says: "It is early, I will sleep a little longer." And as he thus postpones, the gathering for Matins arrives, and then rising he enters into the gathering, with his conscience rebuking him for his negligence and sloth.

As we said before, then, as is his custom, he quite often goes to the cells of his friends and beloved fathers and sits until late, dining with them, drinking with them, conversing with them; and thus coming to his cell, he becomes useless not only in the evening prayer, but also in the gathering for Matins, being able to neither conceive nor accomplish anything spiritual at all. But also in his own cell, if another comes and visits, he likewise prolongs the night, sometimes reviling and condemning the lives of others, and this one remains for the whole time of his life, further destroying it in drunkenness and intoxication and in cares that are not good.

But for what reason have I related all these things? In order to show you, brothers, that one who leads such a life can never bring down a tear from his eyes; for how can he who is always serving his own belly and continually, like the gentiles, is anxious about what he will eat tomorrow and what he will drink (71) and serves the pleasure of his throat as a mistress? But let us grant that he abstains from the things mentioned and neither goes to the cell of anyone else, nor receives another in his own cell, nor gives himself over to a full belly and drink and idle talk, but having shut the doors remains inside his cell all alone; what then is the benefit to him, if his labor is not spiritual and with knowledge, but he sits reading in order to memorize something, that he may have this to say at the time of the gathering or in the presence of friends, so as to appear knowledgeable? And let us suppose that it is not for this reason, but for the sake of benefit and to hear the word of God that he peruses the divine Scriptures, and then rising he stands for prayer; and let his prayer be, if you will, two or three or ten or a hundred psalms, and the prostrations likewise, however many you might say he does, and then having thus fulfilled everything he lies down and nothing more; what then, tell me, is the benefit to him from such labor alone, if the fruit of prayer and of reading does not also blossom in his soul through the tears of repentance, which is dispassion, the acquisition of humility along with meekness, and knowledge with the wisdom of the spirit? For to everyone who with knowledge performs the spiritual work of the commandments of God, the acquisition of the things mentioned follows in proportion, without any doubt, from his laborious work. But if for one who labors and toils, as it seems, it does not

24

καί μετ᾿ ἐπιτηδεύσεως ἐκ τῶν ἐράνων γαστριζόμενος καθ᾿ ἑκάστην τῆς ἑσπέρας ἐρχομένης μετά τήν τῶν ἀποδειπνίων ἀκολουθίαν εἰς τό κελλίον αὐτοῦ ἀπερχόμενος, λέγει τῷ ὑπουργοῦντι αὐτῷ· "Ἴδε, ταπεινέ, τῷ δίψει συνέχομαι. Ἀλλά θερμόν εὐτρεπίσας, δός μοι πιεῖν καί ἀναψῦξαι τῆς δίψης". Ἐκεῖνος οὖν, ὡς ἐξ ἔθους ἔχων, εὔνους εὑρίσκεται παραχρῆμα καί δραστικώτατος ὑπηρέτης, οἷα δή καί αὐτός αὐτῷ συνευωχούμενος καί ζωηρότερον μᾶλλον πίνων τόν οἶνον καί ἐκτροφῶν, τοῦ σκότους αὐτῷ λανθάνειν ἐπιβραβεύοντος. Ὅς καί μετά τό πιεῖν ἅπαξ πρός ὄρεξιν αὖθις διεγείρεται βρωμάτων καί λεληθότως τῇ τῶν βρωμάτων ἡδύτητι ὥσπερ ὑποκλεπτόμενος, ἀνεπαισθήτως κορέννυται καί παχεῖαν ἀπεργάζεται τήν γαστέρα καί δυσμεταχείριστον καί τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς ὁρμῇ μή ὑπείκουσαν. (70) Τότε λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ λογισμός· "Ἀπόλυσόν σου τόν ὑπουργόν καί στῆθι ποίησόν σου τήν συνήθη εὐχήν". Ἀνταποκρίνεται ὁ ἕτερος λογισμός καί λέγει αὐτῷ· "Καί πῶς ἰσχύεις στῆναι ἐμπεπλησμένος ὤν καί κατάγομος; Κοιμήθητι μικρόν καί τῇ φύσει βοήθησον εἰς τό ἐξαναλῶσαι τά βρώματα καί πρό τῆς συνάξεως ἐγέρθητι. Καί τότε μᾶλλον, εὐκίνητον ἔχων τό σῶμα, εὔξῃ καλῶς". Ὑπακούει τῷ λογισμῷ καί πεσών ὑπνοῖ καί ἐάν ἔξυπνος γένηται, οὐκ ἐγείρεται, ἀλλά λέγει· "Ταχύ ἐστιν, ὑπνώσω ἔτι μικρόν". Καί οὕτως ὑπερτιθεμένου, φθάνει ἡ σύναξις τοῦ ὄρθρου, καί τηνικαῦτα ἐγειρόμενος εἰσέρχεται εἰς τήν σύναξιν, τό συνειδός ἔχων ἔλεγχον τῆς ἀμελείας καί ῥᾳθυμίας αὐτοῦ.

Καθώς οὖν προείπομεν, ὡς ἔθος αὐτῷ ἐστι, συχνοτέρως εἰς τάς τῶν φίλων καί ἀγαπητῶν πατέρων κέλλας ἀπερχόμενος ἕως βράδυ κάθηται συνδειπνῶν, συμπίνων, προσομιλῶν αὐτοῖς· καί οὕτως ἐν τῷ κελλίῳ ἐρχόμενος, ἄχρηστος γίνεται οὐ μόνον ἐν τῇ ἑσπερινῇ εὐχῇ, ἀλλά δή καί ἐν τῇ τοῦ ὄρθρου συνάξει, μηδέν ὅλως πνευματικόν ἤ ἐννοῆσαι ἤ διαπράξασθαι δυνάμενος. Ἀλλά καί ἐν τῇ αὐτοῦ κέλλῃ, ἐάν ἕτερος ἐλθών παραβάλῃ, ὁμοίως τήν νύκτα παρέλκει, ἔσθ᾿ ὅτε λοιδορῶν καί κατακρίνων βίους ἑτέρων, καί μένει οὗτος τόν ὅλον τῆς ζωῆς αὐτοῦ χρόνον προσαπολλύς ἐν κραιπάλῃ καί μέθῃ καί μερίμναις οὐκ ἀγαθαῖς.

Ἀλλά τίνος ἕνεκα ταῦτα πάντα διῆλθον; Ἵνα δείξω ὑμῖν, ἀδελφοί, ὅτι ὁ τοιοῦτον ἕλκων βίον οὐ δύναταί ποτε δάκρυον ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ καταγαγεῖν· πῶς γάρ ὁ ἀεί τήν αὐτοῦ θεραπεύων γαστέρα καί διηνεκῶς φροντίζων ὁμοίως τοῖς ἔθνεσι τί φάγεται αὔριον καί τί πίεται (71) καί ὡς δεσποίνῃ δουλεύων τῇ τοῦ φάρυγγος ἡδονῇ; ∆ῶμεν δέ καί ἀπέχεσθαι τῶν εἰρημένων αὐτόν καί μήτε πρός ἄλλου τινός κέλλαν χωρεῖν, μήτε ἄλλον αὐτόν ὑποδέχεσθαι ἐν τῇ κέλλῃ αὐτοῦ, μήτε κόρῳ γαστρός καί πότῳ καί ἀργολογίαις προσανέχειν, ἀλλά κλείσαντα τάς θύρας ἔνδον μένειν τῆς κέλλης μονώτατον· τί οὖν ὁ ὄφελος αὐτῷ, ἐάν μή πνευματική ὑπάρχῃ καί μετά γνώσεως ἡ ἐργασία αὐτοῦ, ἀλλά κάθηται ἀναγινώσκων πρός τό ἀποστηθίσαι τι, ἵνα ἔχῃ τοῦτο λέγειν ἐν καιρῷ συνάξεως ἤ καί παρουσίᾳ φίλων, ὥστε φαίνεσθαι αὐτόν γνωστικόν; Θῶμεν δέ ὅτι οὐχ ἕνεκα τούτου, ἀλλά χάριν ὠφελείας καί τοῦ ἀκοῦσαι λόγον Θεοῦ ἐντυγχάνει ταῖς θείαις Γραφαῖς, εἶτα ἐγερθείς ἵσταται εἰς προσευχήν· ἡ δέ προσευχή αὐτοῦ ἔστωσαν, εἰ δοκεῖ, ψαλμοί δύο ἤ τρεῖς ἤ δέκα ἤ ἑκατόν, αἱ προσκυνήσεις ὡσαύτως, ὅσας ἄν καί εἴποις ποιεῖν, εἶθ᾿ οὕτως ἐκπληρώσας πάντα ἀνακλίνεται καί πλέον οὐδέν· τί οὖν, εἰπέ μοι, ὄφελος αὐτῷ ἐκ τῆς τοιαύτης καί μόνον ἐργασίας, ἐάν μή καί ὁ καρπός τῆς εὐχῆς καί τῆς ἀναγνώσεως ἐπανθήσῃ τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτοῦ διά τῶν δακρύων τῆς μετανοίας, ὅς ἐστιν ἡ ἀπάθεια, ἡ ἐπίκτησις τῆς ταπεινοφροσύνης ὁμοῦ καί πρᾳότητος, καί ἡ γνῶσις μετά σοφίας τοῦ πνεύματος; Παντί γάρ τῷ μετά γνώσεως ἐργαζομένῳ τήν πνευματικήν ἐργασίαν τῶν ἐντολῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀναλόγως δίχα πάσης ἀμφιβολίας ἡ τῶν εἰρημένων ἐπιγίνεται κτῆσις τῆς ἐμπόνου ἐργασίας αὐτοῦ. Εἰ δέ ἐργαζομένῳ κατά τό δοκεῖν καί πονοῦντι οὐκ