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to eat bread, but is first nourished with milk, then as age advances, it comes also to solid food. Thus it would have been for Adam. Therefore, it was not out of envy for him, as some suppose, that God commanded him not to eat of knowledge. Moreover, He also wished to test him, whether he would be obedient to His command. At the same time, He also wished for man to remain simple and pure for a longer time, being a babe. For this is holy, not only with God but also with men, to be subject to one's parents in simplicity and innocence. And if it is right for children to be subject to their parents, how much more so to the God and Father of all? Furthermore, it is also unseemly for infants to think beyond their age. For just as one grows in order according to age, so also in understanding. Besides, when a law commands to abstain from something and someone does not obey, it is clear that it is not the law that provides the punishment, but the disobedience and the transgression. For a father sometimes commands his own child to abstain from certain things, and when he does not obey the paternal command, he is beaten and receives punishments because of the transgression; and it is not the things themselves that are the blows, but the transgression brings insults upon the disobedient one. Thus also for the first-formed man, his transgression caused him to be cast out from paradise; not, however, as if the tree of knowledge had something evil, but through the transgression man exhausted himself in toil, pain, grief, and in the end fell under death. And in this God bestowed a great kindness on man, in his not remaining for ever in sin. But, in a way, as a kind of banishment, He cast him out from paradise, so that by this punishment, having atoned for his sin in a set time and having been disciplined, he might afterwards be recalled. For this reason also, when man was formed in this world, it is written mysteriously in Genesis that he was placed twice in paradise; so that the first time might be fulfilled when he was placed, and the second is to be fulfilled after the resurrection and judgment. And just as some vessel, when after being formed it acquires some defect, is remelted or remolded to become new and whole, so also it happens to man through death. For he is in a way broken so that he might be found sound in the resurrection, I mean spotless and righteous and immortal. But as for God calling and saying, "Where are you, Adam?", God did not do this as if ignorant, but being long-suffering, He was giving him an opportunity for repentance and confession. But then someone will say to us, "Was man created mortal by nature?" By no means. "What then, immortal?" We do not say this either. But someone will say, "Then was he created nothing?" We do not say this either. He was therefore created neither mortal by nature nor immortal. For if He had made him immortal from the beginning, He would have made him a god. Again, if He had made him mortal, God would have seemed to be the cause of his death. Therefore, He made him neither immortal nor mortal, but, as we have said above, capable of both, so that if he should incline toward the things of immortality, keeping the

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ἄρτον ἐσθίειν, ἀλλὰ πρῶτον γάλακτι ἀνατρέφεται, ἔπειτα κατὰ πρόσβασιν τῆς ἡλικίας καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν στερεὰν τροφὴν ἔρχεται. οὕτως ἂν γεγόνει καὶ τῷ Ἀδάμ. διὸ οὐχ ὡς φθονῶν αὐτῷ ὁ θεός, ὡς οἴονταί τινες, ἐκέλευσεν μὴ ἐσθίειν ἀπὸ τῆς γνώσεως. ἔτι μὴν καὶ ἐβούλετο δοκιμάσαι αὐτόν, εἰ ὑπήκοος γίνεται τῇ ἐντολῇ αὐτοῦ. ἅμα δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ πλείονα χρόνον ἐβούλετο ἁπλοῦν καὶ ἀκέραιον διαμεῖναι τὸν ἄνθρωπον νηπιάζοντα. τοῦτο γὰρ ὅσιόν ἐστιν, οὐ μόνον παρὰ θεῷ ἀλλὰ καὶ παρὰ ἀνθρώποις, τὸ ἐν ἁπλότητι καὶ ἀκακίᾳ ὑποτάσσε- σθαι τοῖς γονεῦσιν. εἰ δὲ χρὴ τὰ τέκνα τοῖς γονεῦσιν ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πόσῳ μᾶλλον τῷ θεῷ καὶ πατρὶ τῶν ὅλων; ἔτι μὴν καὶ ἄσχημόν ἐστιν τὰ παιδία τὰ νήπια ὑπὲρ ἡλικίαν φρονεῖν. καθάπερ γὰρ τῇ ἡλικίᾳ τις πρὸς τάξιν αὔξει, οὕτως καὶ ἐν τῷ φρονεῖν. ἄλλως τε ἐπὰν νόμος κελεύσῃ ἀπέχεσθαι ἀπό τινος καὶ μὴ ὑπακούῃ τις, δῆλον ὅτι οὐχ ὁ νόμος κόλασιν παρέχει, ἀλλὰ ἡ ἀπείθεια καὶ ἡ παρακοή. καὶ γὰρ πατὴρ ἰδίῳ τέκνῳ ἐνίοτε προστάσσει ἀπέχεσθαί τινων, καὶ ἐπὰν οὐχ ὑπακούῃ τῇ πατρικῇ ἐντολῇ, δέρεται καὶ ἐπιτιμίας τυγ- χάνει διὰ τὴν παρακοήν· καὶ οὐκ ἤδη αὐτὰ τὰ πράγματα πληγαί εἰσιν, ἀλλ' ἡ παρακοὴ τῷ ἀπειθοῦντι ὕβρεις περιποιεῖται. Oὕτως καὶ τῷ πρωτοπλάστῳ ἡ παρακοὴ περιεποιήσατο ἐκβληθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ παραδείσου· οὐ μέντοι γε ὡς κακοῦ τι ἔχοντος τοῦ ξύλου τῆς γνώσεως, διὰ δὲ τῆς παρακοῆς ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐξήντλησεν πόνον, ὀδύνην, λύπην, καὶ τὸ τέλος ὑπὸ θάνατον ἔπεσεν. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ ὁ θεὸς μεγάλην εὐεργεσίαν παρέσχεν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ, τὸ μὴ διαμεῖναι αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ ὄντα. ἀλλὰ τρόπῳ τινὶ ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἐξορισμοῦ ἐξέβαλλεν αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ παραδείσου, ὅπως διὰ τῆς ἐπιτιμίας τακτῷ ἀποτίσας χρόνῳ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν καὶ παιδευθεὶς ἐξ ὑστέρου ἀνακληθῇ. διὸ καὶ πλασθέντος τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ μυστηριωδῶς ἐν τῇ Γενέσει γέγραπται, ὡς δὶς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ τεθέντος· ἵνα τὸ μὲν ἅπαξ ᾖ πεπληρωμένον ὅτε ἐτέθη, τὸ δὲ δεύτερον μέλλῃ πληροῦσθαι μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν καὶ κρίσιν. οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ καθάπερ σκεῦός τι, ἐπὰν πλασθὲν αἰτίαν τινὰ σχῇ, ἀναχωνεύεται ἢ ἀναπλάσσεται εἰς τὸ γενέσθαι καινὸν καὶ ὁλόκληρον, οὕτως γίνεται καὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ διὰ θανάτου· δυνάμει γὰρ τέθραυσται ἵνα ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει ὑγιὴς εὑρεθῇ, λέγω δὲ ἄσπιλος καὶ δίκαιος καὶ ἀθάνατος. Τὸ δὲ καλέσαι καὶ εἰπεῖν τὸν θεόν· "Ποῦ εἶ Ἀδάμ;" οὐχ ὡς ἀγνοῶν τοῦτο ἐποίει ὁ θεός, ἀλλὰ μακρόθυμος ὢν ἀφορμὴν ἐδίδου αὐτῷ μετανοίας καὶ ἐξομολογήσεως. Ἀλλὰ φήσει οὖν τις ἡμῖν· "Θνητὸς φύσει ἐγένετο ὁ ἄνθρωπος;" οὐδαμῶς. "Τί οὖν ἀθάνατος;" οὐδὲ τοῦτό φαμεν. Ἀλλὰ ἐρεῖ τις· Ὅὐδὲν οὖν ἐγένετο;" οὐδὲ τοῦτο λέγομεν. οὔτε οὖν φύσει θνητὸς ἐγένετο οὔτε ἀθάνατος. εἰ γὰρ ἀθάνατον αὐτὸν ἀπ' ἀρχῆς πεποιήκει, θεὸν αὐτὸν πεποιήκει· πάλιν εἰ θνητὸν αὐτὸν πεποιήκει, ἐδόκει ἂν ὁ θεὸς αἴτιος εἶναι τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ. οὔτε οὖν ἀθάνατον αὐτὸν ἐποίησεν οὔτε μὴν θνητόν, ἀλλά, καθὼς ἐπάνω προειρήκαμεν, δεκτι- κὸν ἀμφοτέρων, ἵνα εἰ ·έψῃ ἐπὶ τὰ τῆς ἀθανασίας τηρήσας τὴν