Homily XXIII.

Hebrews xi. 7

“By faith Noah, being warned of God566   χρηματισθείςof things not seen as yet, moved with fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house; by the which he condemned the world, and became heir of the righteousness which is by Faith.”

[1.] “By faith” (he says) “Noah being warned of God.” As the Son of God, speaking of His own coming, said, “In the days of Noah they married and were given in marriage” ( Luke xvii. 26, 27 ), therefore the Apostle also recalled to their mind an appropriate image. For the example of Enoch, was an example only of Faith; that of Noah, on the other hand, of unbelief also. And this is a complete consolation and exhortation, when not only believers are found approved, but also unbelievers suffer the opposite.

For what does he say? “By faith being warned of God.”567   χρηματισθείς What is “being warned of God”? It is, “It having been foretold to him.” But why is the expression “divine communication”568   χρηματισμὸς ( Luke ii. 26 ) used? for in another place also it is said, “and it was communicated569   ἦ ν κεχρηματισμένον to him by the Spirit,” and again, “and what saith the divine communication?”570   χρηματισμὸς ( Rom. xi. 4.) Seest thou the equal dignity of the Spirit? For as God reveals,571   χρᾷ. This word is properly used of quasi-Divine communications made through oracles: the words χρηματίζω and χρηματισμὸς have the same meaning. Hence the emphatic character of the words “of God” in our version of the text, Rom. xi. 4 ; and so in the other passage which St. Chrys. cites (Luke ii. 26 ), the Divinity of the Holy Spirit (he says) is implied in the use of the word ἦ ν κεχρηματισμένον ὑπὸ (not διὰ ) τοῦ Πνεύματος, “a divine communication was made by the Spirit.” so also does the Holy Spirit. But why did he speak thus? The prophecy is called “a divine communication.”

“Of things not seen as yet,” he says, that is of the rain.

“Moved with fear, prepared an ark.” Reason indeed suggested nothing of this sort; For “they were marrying and being given in marriage”; the air was clear, there were no signs [of change]: but nevertheless he feared: “By faith” (he says) “Noah being warned of God of things not seen as yet, moved with fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house.”

How is it, “By the which he condemned the world”? He showed them to be worthy of punishment, since they were not brought to their senses even by the preparation.

“And he became” (he says) “heir of the righteousness which is by Faith”: that is, by his believing God he was shown to be righteous. For this is the [part] of a soul sincerely disposed towards Him and judging nothing more reliable than His words, just as Unbelief is the very contrary. Faith, it is manifest, works righteousness. For as we have been warned of God respecting Hell, so was he also: and yet at that time he was laughed at; he was reviled and ridiculed; but he regarded none of these things.

[2.] ( Ver. 8, 9 ) “By faith Abraham when he was called to go out into a place which he should after receive for an inheritance, obeyed; and he went out not knowing whither he went. By faith he sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange country, dwelling in tabernacles, with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise.” [“By faith”]: for (tell me) whom did he see to emulate? 572   “To endeavor to imitate, or even surpass.” He had for father a Gentile, and an idolater; he had heard no prophets; he knew not whither he was going. For as they of the Hebrews who believed, looked to these [patriarchs] as having enjoyed blessings innumerable, he shows that none of them obtained anything as yet; all are unrewarded; no one as yet received his reward. “He” escaped from his country and his home, and “went out not knowing whither he went.”

And what marvel, if he himself [were so], when his seed also dwelt in this same way? For seeing the promise disproved573   ἐ λεγχομένην (since He had said, “To thee will I give this land, and to thy seed”— Gen. xii. 7; xiii. 15 ), he saw his son dwelling there; and again his grandson saw himself dwelling in a land not his own; yet was he nowise troubled. For the affairs of Abraham happened as we might have expected, since the promise was to be accomplished afterwards in his family (although it is said even to himself, “To thee, and to thy seed,” not, “to thee through thy seed,” but “to thee and to thy seed”): still neither he, nor Isaac, nor Jacob, enjoyed the promise. For one of them served for hire, and the other was driven out: and he himself even was failing574   ἐ ξέπιπτε : i.e. τῆς ὑποσχέσεως, “of the promise,” is Mr. Field’s interpretation; Mutianus has pœne exciderat through fear: and while he took some things indeed in war, others, unless he had had the aid of God, would have been destroyed. On this account [the Apostle] says, “with the heirs of the same promise”; not himself alone, he means; but the heirs also.

[3.] ( Ver. 13 ) “These all died in faith,” he says, “not having obtained575   κομισάμενοι. This word is used by St. Chrys. throughout this passage without any variation of reading. The text of the Epistle here has λαβόντες, but in ver. 39 , οὐκ ἐκομίσαντο. [St. Chrys. in another work has the reading λαβόντες, but κομισάμενοι is generally adopted by the critical editors as the true text in the Epistle.—F.G.] the promises.” At this place it is worth while to make two enquiries; how, after saying that [God] “translated Enoch, and he was not found, so that he did not see death,” does he say, “These all died in Faith.” And again, after saying, “they not having obtained the promises,” he declares that Noah had received a reward, “to the saving of his house,” and that Enoch had been “translated,” and that Abel “yet speaks,” and that Abraham had gained a hold on the land, and yet he says, “These all died in Faith, not having obtained the promises.” What then is [meant]?

It is necessary to solve the first [difficulty], and then the second. “These all” (he says) “died in faith.” The word “all” is used here not because all had died, but because with that one exception “all these had died,” whom we know to be dead.

And the [statement] “not having obtained the promises,” is true: for surely the promise to Noah was not to be this [which is here spoken of]. But further, of what kind of “promises” is he speaking? For Isaac and Jacob received the promises of the land; but as to Noah and Abel and Enoch, what kind of promises did they receive? Either then he is speaking concerning these three; or if concerning those others also, the promise was not this, that Abel should be admired, nor that Enoch should be translated, nor that Noah should be preserved;576   We must probably understand also, “nor that the Patriarchs should live in Canaan” : the argument seems to require this; besides, in the statement of the difficulty, Abraham’s having “got a hold on the land” is mentioned together with the blessings bestowed on Abel, Enoch, and Noah, as something already given them. but these things came to them for their virtue’s sake, and were a sort of foretaste of things to come. For God from the beginning, knowing that the human race needs much condescension, bestows on us not only the things in the world to come, but also those here; as for instance, Christ said even to the disciples, “Whosoever hath left houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, shall receive an hundredfold and shall inherit everlasting life.” ( Matt. xix. 29.) And again, “Seek ye the kingdom of God, and all these things shall be added unto you.” ( Matt. vi. 33.) Seest thou that these things are given by Him in the way of addition, that we might not faint?577   See above, p. 408. For as the athletes have the benefit of careful attention, even when engaged in the combat, but do not then enjoy entire ease, living under rules, yet afterwards they enjoy it entire: so God also does not grant us here to partake of “entire” ease. For even here He does give [some].

[4.] “But having seen them afar off,” he says,578   St. Chrys. does not cite nor yet refer to the words καὶ πεισθέντες, “and were persuaded of them.” They are found in the common editions of the Epistle, but are not supposed to be a genuine part of the Sacred Text. [They are rejected by all critical editors, and have very little support from the authorities for this text.—F.G.] “and embraced them.” Here he hints at something mystical: that they received beforehand all the things which have been spoken concerning things to come; concerning the resurrection, concerning the Kingdom of Heaven, concerning the other things, which Christ proclaimed when He came, for these are “the promises” of which he speaks. Either then he means this, or, that they did not indeed receive them, but died in confidence respecting them, and they were [thus] confident through Faith only.

“Having seen them afar off”: four generations before; for after so many [generations], they went up out of Egypt.

“And embraced them,” saith he, and were glad. They were so persuaded of them as even to “embrace [or “salute”] them,” from the metaphor of persons on ship-board seeing from afar the longed-for cities: which, before they enter them, they take and occupy by words of greeting.

( Ver. 10 ) “For they looked” (he says) “for the579   τὴν πόλιν city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God.” Seest thou that they received them in this sense, in their already accepting them and being confident respecting them. If then to be confident is to receive, it is in your power also to receive. For these, although they enjoyed not those [blessings], yet still saw them by their longing desire. Why now do these things happen? That we might be put to shame, in that they indeed, when things on earth were promised them, regarded them not, but sought the future “city”: whereas God again and again speaks to us of the city580   πόλιν which is above, and yet we seek that which is here. He said to them, I will give you the things of the present [world]. But when He saw, or rather, when they showed themselves worthy of greater things, then He no longer suffers them to receive these, but those greater ones; wishing to show us that they are worthy of greater things, being unwilling to be bound to these. As if one should promise playthings to an intelligent child, not that he might receive them, but by way of exhibiting his philosophy, when he asks for things more important. For this is to show, that they held off from the land with so great earnestness, that they did not even accept what was given. Wherefore their posterity receive it on this account, for themselves were worthy of the land.

What is, “the city which hath foundations”? For are not these [which are visible] “foundations”? In comparison of the other, they are not.

“Whose Builder and Maker is God.” O! What an encomium on that city!

[5.] ( Ver. 11 ) “By faith also Sarah herself,” he says. Here he began [speaking] in a way to put them to shame, in case, that is, they should show themselves more faint-hearted than a woman. But possibly some one might say, How “by faith,” when she laughed? Nay, while her laughter indeed was from unbelief, her fear [was] from Faith, for to say, “I laughed not” ( Gen. xviii. 15 ), arose from Faith. From this then it appears that when unbelief had been cleared out, Faith came in its place.

“By faith also Sarah received strength to conceive seed even when she was past age.”581   καὶ παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας. The common texts of St. Chrys. add here ἔ τεκεν, in accordance with the common editions of the New Testament; but in neither case is it supposed to be genuine. [Field’s text omits it, and it is not in critical editions of the text of Heb.—F.G.] What is, “to conceive seed”?582   εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος She who was become dead, who was barren, received power for the retaining of seed, for conception. For her imperfection was two-fold; first from her time of life for she was really old; secondly from nature, for she was barren.

( Ver. 12 ) “Wherefore even from one they” all “sprang, as the stars of the sky, and as the sand which is by the sea-shore.” “Wherefore” (he says) “even from one they” all “sprang.” Here he not only says that she bare [a child], but that she also became mother of so many as not even fruitful wombs [are mothers of]. “As the stars,” He says. How then is it that He often numbers them, although He said, “As the stars of the heaven shall not be numbered, so neither shall your seed”? ( Gen. xv. 5.) He either means the excess, or else [speaks of] those who are continually being born. For is it possible, tell me, to number their forefathers of one family as, such an one son of such an one, and such an one son of such an one? But here such are the promises of God, so skillfully arranged are His undertakings.

[6.] But if the things which He promised as additional, are so admirable, so beyond expectation, so magnificent, what will those be, to which these are an addition, to which these are somewhat over and above? What then can be more blessed than they who attain them? What more wretched than those who miss them? For if a man when driven out from his native country, is pitied by all; and when he has lost an inheritance is considered by all as an object of compassion, with what tears ought he to be bewailed, who fails of Heaven, and of the good things there stored up? Or rather, he is not even to be wept for: for one is wept for, when he suffers something of which he is not himself the cause; but when of his own choice he has entangled himself in evil, he is not worthy583   ἄ ξιος of tears, but of wailings;584   θρήνων or rather then of mourning;585   πενθους since even our Lord Jesus Christ mourned and wept for Jerusalem, impious as it was. Truly we are worthy of weepings innumerable, of wailings innumerable. If the whole world should receive a voice, both stones, and wood, and trees, and wild beasts, and birds, and fishes, and in a word, the whole world, if receiving a voice it should bewail us who have failed of those good things, it would not bewail and lament enough. For what language, what intellect, can represent that blessedness and virtue, that pleasure, that glory, that happiness, that splendor? “What eye hath not seen, and ear hath not heard, and what hath not entered into the heart of man” ( 1 Cor. ii. 9 ), (he did not say, that they simply surpass [what we imagine]; but none hath ever conceived) “the things which God hath prepared for them that love Him.” For of what kind are those good things likely to be, of which God is the Preparer and Establisher? For if immediately after He had made us, when we had not yet done anything, He freely bestowed so great [favors], Paradise, familiar intercourse with Himself, promised us immortality, a life happy and freed from cares; what will He not bestow on those who have labored and struggled so greatly, and endured on His behalf? For us He spared not His Only Begotten, for us when we were enemies He gave up His own Son to death; of what will He not count us worthy, having become His friends? what will He not impart to us, having reconciled us to Himself?

[7.] He both is abundantly and infinitely rich; and He desires and earnestly endeavors to obtain our friendship; we do not thus earnestly endeavor. What am I saying, ‘do not earnestly endeavor’? We do not wish to obtain the good things as He wishes it. And what He has done shows that He wishes it more [than we]. For while, for our own sake, we with difficulty think lightly of a little gold: He, for our sake, gave even the Son who was His own. Let us make use of the love of God as we ought; let us reap the fruits of His friendship. For “ye are My friends” (he says) “if ye do what I say to you.” ( John xv. 14.) How wonderful! His enemies, who were at an infinite distance from Him, whom in all respects He excels by an incomparable superiority, these He has made His friends and calls them friends. What then should not one choose to suffer for the sake of this friendship? For the friendship of men we often incur danger, but for that of God, we do not even give up money. Our [condition] does indeed call for mourning, for mourning and tears and wailings, and loud lamentation and beating of the breast. We have fallen from our hope, we are humbled from our high estate, we have shown ourselves unworthy of the honor of God; even after His benefits we are become unfeeling, and ungrateful. The devil has stripped us of all our good things. We who were counted worthy to be sons; we His brethren and fellow-heirs are come to differ nothing from His enemies that insult Him.

Henceforward, what consolation shall there be for us? He called us to Heaven, and we have thrust ourselves down to hell. “Swearing and lying and stealing and adultery, are poured out upon the earth.” ( Hos. iv. 2.) Some “mingle blood upon blood”; and others do deeds worse than blood-shedding. Many of those that are wronged, many of those that are defrauded prefer ten thousand deaths to the suffering such things: and except they had feared God, would even have killed themselves, being so murderously disposed against themselves. Are not these things then worse than blood-shedding?

[8.] “Woe is me, my soul! For the godly man is perished from the earth, and there is none upright among men” ( Mic. vii. 1, 2 , LXX.); let us also now cry out, first about our own selves: but aid me in my lamentation.

Perhaps some are even disgusted and laugh. For this very cause ought we to make our lamentations the more intense, because we are so mad and beside ourselves, that we do not know that we are mad, but laugh at things for which we ought to groan. O man! “There is wrath revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men” ( Rom. i. 18 ); “God will come manifestly: a fire will burn before Him, and round about Him will be a mighty tempest.” ( Ps. l. 3.) “A fire will burn before Him, and consume His enemies on every side.” ( Ps. xcvii. 3.) “The day of the Lord is as a burning oven.” ( Mal. iv. 1.) And no man lays up these things in his mind, but these tremendous and fearful doctrines are more despised than fables, and are trodden under foot. He that heareth,—there is no one: while they who laugh and make sport are—all. What resource will there be for us? Whence shall we find safety? “We are undone, we are utterly consumed” ( Num. xvii. 12 ), we are become the laughingstock of our enemies, and a mockery for the heathen and the Demons. Now is the devil greatly elated; he glories and is glad. The angels to whom we had been entrusted are all ashamed and in sadness: there is no man to convert [you]: all means have been used by us in vain, and we seem to you as idle talkers. It is seasonable even now to call on the heaven, because there is no man that heareth; to take to witness the elements: “Hear, O heaven! and give ear, O earth! for the Lord hath spoken.” ( Isa. i. 2.)

Give a hand, stretch it forth, O ye who have not yet been overwhelmed, to them who are undone through their drunkenness: ye that are whole to them that are sick, ye that are sober-minded to them that are mad, that are giddily whirling round.

Let no man, I beseech you, prefer the favor of his friend to his salvation; and let violence and rebuke look to one thing only,—his benefit. When one has been seized by a fever, even slaves lay hold of their Masters. For when that is pressing on him, throwing his mind into confusion, and a swarm of slaves are standing by, they recognize not the law of Master and Servant, in the calamity of the Master.

Let us collect ourselves, I exhort you: there are daily wars, submersions [of towns], destructions innumerable all around us, and on every side the wrath of God is enclosing us as in a net. And we, as though we were well-pleasing to Him, are in security. We all make our hands ready for unjust gains, none for helping others: all for plundering, none for protecting: each one is in earnest as to how he shall increase his possessions; no one as to how he shall aid the needy: each one has much anxiety how he may add to his wealth; no one how he may save his own soul. One fear possesses all, lest (you say) we should become poor; no man is in anguish and trembling lest we should fall into hell. These things call for lamentations, these call for accusation, these call for reprobation.

[9.] But I do not wish to speak of these things, but I am constrained by my grief. Forgive me: I am forced by sorrow to utter many things, even those which I do not wish. I see that our wound is grievous, that our calamity is beyond comfort, that woes have overtaken us greater than the consolation. We are undone. “O that my head were waters and mine eyes a fountain of tears” ( Jer. ix. 1 ), that I might lament. Let us weep, beloved, let us weep, let us groan.

Possibly there may be some here who say, He talks to us of nothing but lamentation, nothing but tears. It was not my wish, believe me, it was not my wish, but rather to go through a course of commendations and praises: but now it is not the season for these. Beloved, it is not lamenting which is grievous, but the doing things which call for lamentations. Sorrow is not the thing to shrink from, but the committing things that call for sorrow. Do not thou be punished, and I will not mourn. Do not die, and I will not weep. If the body indeed lies dead, thou callest on all to grieve with thee, and thinkest those without sympathy who do not mourn: And when the soul is perishing, dost thou tell us not to mourn?

But I cannot be a father, if I do not weep. I am a father full of affection. Hear how Paul exclaims, “My little children, of whom I travail in birth again” ( Gal. iv. 19 ): what mother in child-birth utters cries so bitter as he! Would that it were possible for thee to see the very fire that is in my heart, and thou wouldest know, that I burn [with grief] more intense than any woman, or gift that suffers untimely widowhood. She does not so mourn over her husband, nor any father over his son, as I do over this multitude that is here with us.

I see no progress. Everything turns to calumnies and accusations. No man makes it his business to please God; but (he says) ‘let us speak evil of such an one or such an one.’ ‘Such an one is unfit to be among the Clergy.’ ‘Such an one does not lead a respectable life.’ When we ought to be grieving for our own evils, we judge others, whereas we ought not to do this, even when we are pure from sins. “For who maketh thee to differ” (he says) “and what hast thou which thou didst not receive? But if thou hast received it, why dost thou glory, as though thou hadst not received it?” ( 1 Cor. iv. 7.) “And thou, why dost thou judge thy brother” ( Rom. xiv. 10 ), being thyself full of innumerable evils? When thou sayest, Such an one is a bad man, and a spendthrift, and vicious, think of thyself, and examine strictly thy own [condition], and thou wilt repent of what thou hast said. For there is no, no not any, such powerful stimulus to virtue, as the recollecting of our sins.

If we turn over these two things in our minds, we shall be enabled to attain the promised blessings, we shall be enabled to cleanse ourselves and wipe away [what is amiss]. Only let us take serious thought sometime; let us be anxious about the matter, beloved. Let us grieve here in reflection, that we may not grieve yonder in punishment, but may enjoy the everlasting blessings, where “pain and sorrow and sighing are fled away” ( Isa. xxxv. 10 ), that we may attain to the good things which surpass man’s understanding, in Christ Jesus our Lord, for to Him is glory and power for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΚΓʹ. Πίστει χρηματισθεὶς Νῶε περὶ τῶν μηδέπω βλεπομένων, εὐλαβηθεὶς κατεσκεύασε κιβωτὸν εἰς σωτηρίαν τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ: δι' ἧς κατέκρινε τὸν κόσμον, καὶ τῆς κατὰ πίστιν δικαιοσύνης ἐγένετο κληρονόμος. αʹ. Πίστει, φησὶ, χρηματισθεὶς Νῶε. Καθάπερ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ περὶ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ παρουσίας διαλεγόμενος ἔλεγεν: Ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τοῦ Νῶε ἐγάμουν καὶ ἐγαμίσκοντο: οὕτω καὶ οὗτός φησιν. Εἰκότως δὲ αὐτοὺς οἰκείας εἰκόνος ἀνέμνησε: τὸ μὲν γὰρ ὑπόδειγμα τοῦ Ἐνὼχ πίστεως ἦν ὑπόδειγμα μόνον, τὸ δὲ τοῦ Νῶε καὶ ἀπιστίας. Αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἀπηρτισμένη παράκλησις καὶ προτροπὴ, ὅταν μὴ μόνον οἱ πιστεύσαντες εὑρίσκωνται εὐδοκιμοῦντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ ἀπιστοῦντες τἀναντία πάσχοντες. Τί γάρ φησι; Πίστει χρηματισθεὶς Νῶε. Τί ἐστι τοῦτο; Προλεχθὲν ἦν αὐτῷ, φησί. Χρηματισμὸν δὲ τὴν προφητείαν καλεῖ: καὶ γὰρ ἀλλαχοῦ οὕτως εἶπε: Καὶ ἦν αὐτῷ κεχρηματισμένον ὑπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματος: καὶ πάλιν: Καὶ τί λέγει ὁ χρηματισμός; Ὁρᾷς τοῦ Πνεύματος τὸ ἰσότιμον; ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς χρᾷ, οὕτω καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν οὕτως εἶπεν; Ἵνα δείξῃ ὅτι ὁ χρηματισμὸς προφητεία ἐστί. Περὶ τῶν μηδέπω βλεπομένων, φησί: τουτέστι, τοῦ ὑετοῦ: Εὐλαβηθεὶς κατεσκεύασε κιβωτόν. Ὁ μὲν λογισμὸς οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ὑπέβαλλεν: ἐγάμουν γὰρ καὶ ἐγαμίσκοντο, ἀὴρ ἦν καθαρὸς, σημεῖα οὐκ ἦν: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐφοβήθη ἐκεῖνος: διὸ καὶ οὕτως εἶπε: Πίστει χρηματισθεὶς Νῶε περὶ τῶν μηδέπω βλεπομένων, εὐλαβηθεὶς κατεσκεύασε κιβωτὸν εἰς σωτηρίαν τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ. Πῶς; Δι' ἧς κατέκρινε τὸν κόσμον. Ἔδειξεν αὐτοὺς ἀξίους ὄντας κολάσεως, οἵ γε οὐδὲ διὰ τῆς κατασκευῆς ἐσωφρονίζοντο. Καὶ τῆς κατὰ πίστιν, φησὶ, δικαιοσύνης ἐγένετο κληρονόμος: τουτέστιν, ἀπὸ τούτου δίκαιος ἐφάνη, ἀπὸ τοῦ πιστεῦσαι τῷ Θεῷ. Τοῦτο γὰρ ψυχῆς ἐστι γνησίως πρὸς αὐτὸν διακειμένης, καὶ μηδὲν πιστότερον τῶν αὐτοῦ ῥημάτων εἶναι κρινούσης, ὡσπεροῦν ἡ ἀπιστία τοὐναντίον. Ἡ δὲ πίστις εὔδηλον ὅτι δικαιοσύνην ἐργάζεται. Ὥσπερ ἡμεῖς ἐχρηματίσθημεν περὶ γεέννης, οὕτω κἀκεῖνος. Καίτοι γε ἐγελᾶτο τότε, καὶ ὠνειδίζετο καὶ ἐχλευάζετο: ἀλλ' ὅμως πρὸς οὐδὲν τούτων εἶδε. Πίστει καλούμενος Ἀβραὰμ, ὑπήκουσεν ἐξελθεῖν εἰς τὸν τόπον, ὃν ἔμελλε λαμβάνειν εἰς κληρονομίαν: καὶ ἐξῆλθε μὴ ἐπιστάμενος ποῦ ἔρχεται. Πίστει παρῴκησεν εἰς τὴν γῆν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας ὡς ἀλλοτρίαν, ἐν σκηναῖς κατοικήσας μετὰ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Ἰακὼβ τῶν συγκληρονόμων τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τῆς αὐτῆς, Τίνα γὰρ εἶδεν, ἵνα ζηλώσῃ, εἰπέ μοι; πατέρα Ἕλληνα εἶχε καὶ εἰδωλολάτρην, προφητῶν οὐκ ἠκηκόει, οὐδὲ ᾔδει ποῦ ἤρχετο. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰς τούτους ἑώρων οἱ ἐξ Ἑβραίων πεπιστευκότες, ὡς μυρίων ἀπολαύσαντας ἀγαθῶν, δείκνυσιν ὅτι οὐδεὶς οὐδέπω οὐδὲν ἐκομίσατο, ἀλλὰ πάντες εἰσὶν ἀγέραστοι, καὶ ὅτι οὐδεὶς οὐδέπω ἐδέξατο τὰς ἀμοιβάς. Τῆς πατρίδος ἐκεῖνος καὶ τῆς οἰκίας ἐξέπεσε, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν οὐκ εἰδὼς ποῦ ἔρχεται. Καὶ τί θαυμαστὸν, εἰ αὐτὸς, ὅπου γε καὶ τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ οὕτω κατῴκησεν; Ὁρῶν γοῦν ἐλεγχομένην τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν. οὐ κατενάρκησεν: εἶπε γάρ: Σοὶ δώσω τὴν γῆν ταύτην, καὶ τῷ σπέρματί σου. Εἶδε τὸν Υἱὸν ἐκεῖ κατοικοῦντα, καὶ ὁ ἔκγονος πάλιν εἶδεν ἑαυτὸν ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ κατοικοῦντα, καὶ οὐδὲν ἐθορυβήθη. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ εἰκότως ἐγεγόνει, ἅτε μετὰ ταῦτα μελλούσης τῆς ἐπαγγελίας εἰς ἔργον ἐκβήσεσθαι εἰς τὸ γένος αὐτοῦ: καίτοι γε καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν εἴρητο, ὅτι Σοὶ καὶ τῷ σπέρματί σου: οὐ, Διὰ τοῦ σπέρματός σου σοὶ, ἀλλὰ, Σοὶ καὶ τῷ σπέρματί σου: καὶ οὔτε αὐτὸς, οὔτε ὁ Ἰσαὰκ, οὔτε ὁ Ἰακὼβ ἀπήλαυσαν τῆς ὑποσχέσεως. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ μισθῷ ἐδούλευσεν, ὁ δὲ ἐξηλαύνετο, οὗτος δὲ καὶ ἐξέπιπτε δεδοικώς: καὶ τὰ μὲν εἷλε πολέμῳ, τὰ δὲ, εἰ μὴ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ ῥοπῆς ἔτυχεν, ἀπώλετο ἄν. Διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, ὅτι Μετὰ τῶν κληρονόμων τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τῆς αὐτῆς. Οὐχὶ αὐτὸς μόνος, φησὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ κληρονόμοι. Εἶτα καὶ ἕτερόν τι τῶν εἰρημένων τρανότερον ἐπήγαγε λέγων: Κατὰ πίστιν ἀπέθανον οὗτοι πάντες, μὴ κομισάμενοι τὰς ἐπαγγελίας. Δύο ἐνταῦθα ζητῆσαι ἄξιον, πῶς εἰπὼν, ὅτι Μετέθηκε τὸν Ἐνὼχ, τοῦ μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον, καὶ οὐχ εὑρίσκετο, λέγει: Κατὰ πίστιν ἀπέθανον οὗτοι πάντες. Καὶ πάλιν εἰπών: Μὴ κομισάμενοι τὰς ἐπαγγελίας, τὸν Νῶε δείκνυσιν εἰληφέναι μισθὸν εἰς σωτηρίαν τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὸν Ἐνὼχ μετατεθεῖσθαι, καὶ τὸν Ἄβελ ἔτι λαβεῖν, καὶ τὸν Ἀβραὰμ ἐπειλῆφθαι τῆς γῆς: καί φησι: Κατὰ πίστιν ἀπέθανον οὗτοι πάντες, μὴ κομισάμενοι τὰς ἐπαγγελίας. Τί οὖν ἐστιν ὃ λέγει; Ἀναγκαῖον τὸ πρῶτον λῦσαι, εἶτα τὸ δεύτερον. Κατὰ πίστιν ἀπέθανον, φησὶν, οὗτοι πάντες. Τὸ, Πάντες, ἐνταῦθα εἶπεν, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ πάντες ἀπέθανον, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ἐξῃρημένου ἐκείνου, ἀπέθανον οὗτοι πάντες, οὓς ἴσμεν τεθνηκότας. Τὸ δὲ, Μὴ κομισάμενοι τὰς ἐπαγγελίας, ἀληθὲς τυγχάνει: οὐ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτο ἔμελλεν εἶναι ἡ ἐπαγγελία τῷ Νῶε. βʹ. Ποίας δὲ καὶ ἐπαγγελίας φησίν; ὁ μὲν γὰρ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Ἰακὼβ ἔλαβον τὰς ἐπαγγελίας τῆς γῆς: οἱ δὲ περὶ Νῶε, καὶ Ἄβελ, καὶ Ἐνὼχ, ποίας ἐπαγγελίας ἔλαβον; Ἢ τοίνυν περὶ τῶν τριῶν φησι τούτων: ἢ εἰ καὶ περὶ ἐκείνων, οὐ τοῦτο ἦν ἡ ἐπαγγελία, τὸ θαυμασθῆναι τὸν Ἄβελ, οὐδὲ τὸ μετατεθῆναι τὸν Ἐνὼχ, οὐδὲ τὸ διασωθῆναι τὸν Νῶε, ἀλλὰ καὶ ταῦτα μὲν αὐτοῖς διὰ τὴν ἀρετὴν ἐγένετο, γεύματα δέ τινα ἦν τῶν μελλόντων. Ὁ γὰρ Θεὸς ἀπ' ἀρχῆς εἰδὼς τὸ γένος τὸ ἀνθρώπινον πολλῆς δεόμενον συγκαταβάσεως, οὐ μόνον τὰ ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ἐνταῦθα ἡμῖν χαρίζεται: οἷον ὅπερ καὶ τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἔλεγεν ὁ Χριστός: Ὅστις ἀφῆκεν οἰκίας, ἢ ἀδελφοὺς, ἢ ἀδελφὰς, ἢ πατέρα, ἢ μητέρα, ἑκατονταπλασίονα λήψεται, καὶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσει: καὶ πάλιν: Ζητεῖτε τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ταῦτα πάντα προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν. Ὁρᾷς καὶ ἐν προσθήκης μέρει ταῦτα παρ' αὐτοῦ διδόμενα, ὥστε μὴ ἀποκαμεῖν; Καθάπερ γὰρ οἱ ἀθληταὶ ἀπολαύουσι μὲν θεραπείας καὶ ὅταν ἀγωνίζωνται, πλὴν ἀλλ' οὐ πάσης τότε τῆς ἀνέσεως ἀπολαύουσιν, ὑπὸ νόμοις ζῶντες, ἀλλὰ πάσης μετὰ ταῦτα ἀπολαύουσιν: οὕτω καὶ ὁ Θεὸς οὐ πάσης ἐνταῦθα δίδωσι μεταλαβεῖν τῆς ἀνέσεως: δίδωσι μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἐνταῦθα, πλὴν ὅμως τὴν πᾶσαν ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι ἐταμίευσε. Καὶ ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστιν, ἐδήλωσεν αὐτὸ καὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς, εἰπών: Ἀλλὰ πόῤῥωθεν αὐτὰς ἰδόντες καὶ ἀσπασάμενοι. Ἐνταῦθά τι μυστικὸν αἰνίττεται: δείκνυσι γὰρ ὅτι προέλαβον πάντα τὰ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων εἰρημένα, τὰ περὶ ἀναστάσεως, τὰ περὶ βασιλείας οὐρανῶν, τὰ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων, ὧν ἐλθὼν ὁ Χριστὸς ἐκήρυσσε: τὰς γὰρ ἐπαγγελίας ταύτας φησίν. Ἢ τοῦτο οὖν φησιν, ἢ ὅτι οὐκ ἔλαβον μὲν αὐτὰς, θαῤῥήσαντες δὲ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἀπῆλθον: ἐθάῤῥησαν δὲ τῇ πίστει μόνῃ. Πόῤῥωθεν δὲ αὐτὰς ἰδόντες εἶπε, δηλῶν ὅτι πρὸ τεσσάρων γενεῶν: μετὰ γὰρ τοσαύτας ἀνῆλθον ἐξ Αἰγύπτου. Καὶ ἀσπασάμενοι, φησὶ, καὶ ἡσθέντες. Οὕτω πεπεισμένοι ἦσαν περὶ αὐτῶν, ὡς καὶ ἀσπάσασθαι αὐτάς: ἀπὸ μεταφορᾶς εἶπε τῶν πλεόντων καὶ πόῤῥωθεν ὁρώντων τὰς πόλεις τὰς ποθουμένας, ἃς πρὶν ἢ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς αὐτὰς τῇ προσρήσει λαβόντες αὐτὰς οἰκειοῦνται. Ἐξεδέχοντο γὰρ, φησὶ, τὴν τοὺς θεμελίους ἔχουσαν πόλιν, ἧς τεχνίτης καὶ δημιουργὸς ὁ Θεός. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τὸ, Ἔλαβον, τὸ ἤδη δέξασθαί ἐστι καὶ θαρσῆσαι ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν; Εἰ τοίνυν τὸ θαρσῆσαι λαβεῖν ἐστιν, ἔνεστι καὶ ὑμῖν λαβεῖν. Οὗτοι γὰρ, εἰ καὶ μὴ ἀπήλαυσαν τούτων, ἀλλ' ὅμως τῷ πόθῳ ἐθεώρουν αὐτάς. Τί δὴ ταῦτα γίνεται; Ἵνα ἡμεῖς αἰσχυνθῶμεν, ὅτι ἐκεῖνοι μὲν, καὶ ἐπαγγελλομένων αὐτοῖς τῶν ἐν τῇ γῇ, οὐ προσεῖχον, ἀλλὰ τὴν μέλλουσαν πόλιν ἐζήτουν: ἡμῖν δὲ ἄνω καὶ κάτω ὁ Θεὸς περὶ τῆς ἄνω διαλέγεται πόλεως, καὶ τὴν ἐνταῦθα ζητοῦμεν. Εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, ὅτι Δώσω ὑμῖν τὰ ἐν τῷ παρόντι: ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἶδε, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐπειδὴ ἔδειξαν ἑαυτοὺς μειζόνων ὄντας ἀξίους, τότε οὐκέτι αὐτοὺς ἀφίησι ταῦτα λαβεῖν, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνα τὰ μείζονα, βουλόμενος ἡμῖν δεῖξαι ὅτι μειζόνων ἄξιοί εἰσι, μὴ θελήσαντες προσδεθῆναι τούτοις: ὡς ἄν τις συνετῷ ἐπαγγέλλοιτο παιδικὰ, οὐχ ἵνα λάβῃ ἀλλ' ἐπιδεικνύμενος αὑτοῦ τὴν φιλοσοφίαν, αἰτοῦντος ἐκείνου τὰ μείζονα. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι δεικνύντος, ὅτι μετὰ τοσαύτης σπουδῆς ἀπείχοντο τῆς γῆς, ὅτι οὐδὲ διδόμενα ἐλάμβανον. Τοιγαροῦν διὰ τοῦτο οἱ ἔκγονοι λαμβάνουσιν: αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἦσαν τῆς γῆς ἄξιοι. Τί ἐστι, Τὴν τοὺς θεμελίους ἔχουσαν πόλιν; οὗτοι γὰρ οὐκ εἰσὶ θεμέλιοι; Πρὸς σύγκρισιν ἐκείνων οὐκ εἰσίν. Ἧς τεχνίτης καὶ δημιουργὸς ὁ Θεός. Βαβαὶ, οἷον τὸ ἐγκώμιον τῆς πόλεως ἐκείνης! Πίστει καὶ αὐτὴ Σάῤῥα. Ἐντρεπτικῶς ἐνταῦθα ἤρξατο, εἴ γε γυναικὸς ὀλιγοψυχότεροι φανεῖεν. Ἀλλ' εἴποι ἄν τις: Πῶς πιστὴ ἡ γελάσασα; Ὁ μὲν οὖν γέλως ἐξ ἀπιστίας, ὁ δὲ φόβος ἀπὸ πίστεως: τὸ γὰρ εἰπεῖν, Οὐκ ἐγέλασα, ἀπὸ πίστεως γέγονε. Τοιγαροῦν διὰ τοῦτο, κενωθείσης τῆς ἀπιστίας, ἐπεισῆλθεν ἡ πίστις. Πίστει καὶ αὐτὴ Σάῤῥα δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβε, καὶ παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας ἔτεκε. Τί ἐστιν, Εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος; Εἰς τὸ κατασχεῖν τὸ σπέρμα, εἰς ὑποδοχὴν δύναμιν ἔλαβεν ἡ νενεκρωμένη, ἡ στεῖρα. Διπλῆ γὰρ ἦν ἡ πήρωσις, ἡ μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου, γεγηρακυῖα γὰρ ἦν ὄντως: ἡ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς φύσεως, στεῖρα γὰρ ἦν. Ὅθεν, καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς ἐγεννήθησαν οἱ πάντες, καὶ ταῦτα νενεκρωμένου, ὡς τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῷ πλήθει, καὶ ὡσεὶ ἄμμος ἡ παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης ἡ ἀναρίθμητος. Ὅθεν, φησὶ, καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς ἐγεννήθησαν οἱ πάντες. Οὐ τοῦτο μόνον ἐνταῦθα λέγει, ὅτι ἐγέννησεν, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ τοσούτων ἐγένετο μήτηρ, ὅσων οὐδὲ αἱ εὔφοροι γαστέρες: Ὡς τὰ ἄστρα, φησί. Πῶς οὖν αὐτοὺς ἀριθμεῖ πολλάκις, καίτοι γε εἰπὼν, ὃν τρόπον οὐκ ἐξαριθμηθήσεται τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, οὕτως οὐδὲ τὸ σπέρμα ὑμῶν; Ἤτοι καθ' ὑπερβολήν ἐστι τοῦτο, ἢ διὰ τοὺς ἀεὶ ἐπιγινομένους οὕτως εἶπε. Μιᾶς μὲν γὰρ οἰκίας δυνατὸν τοὺς προγόνους ἀριθμῆσαι, οἷον, ὁ δεῖνα τοῦ δεῖνος, καὶ ὁ δεῖνα τοῦ δεῖνος: ἐνταῦθα δὲ, ὧν τὸ γένος τῷ πλήθει τῶν ἄστρων παρεικάζεται, οὐκ ἔστι. γʹ. Τοιαῦται αἱ ἐπαγγελίαι τοῦ Θεοῦ, οὕτως εὐμήχανοι αὐτοῦ αἱ ὑποσχέσεις. Εἰ δὲ ἅπερ ἐν προσθήκης μέρει ὑπέσχετο, οὕτω θαυμαστὰ, οὕτω παράδοξα, οὕτω μεγαλόδωρα, τίνα ἔσται ἐκεῖνα, ὧν ταῦτα προσθήκη, ὧν ἐκ περιουσίας ταῦτα; Τί τοίνυν τῶν ἐπιτυγχανόντων μακαριώτερον; τί τῶν ἀποτυγχανόντων ἀθλιώτερον; Εἰ γὰρ πατρίδος τις ἐκβεβλημένος, ὑπὸ πάντων ἐλεεῖται, καὶ κληρονομίαν ἀπολέσας δοκεῖ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἐλεεινὸς εἶναι: ὁ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐκπίπτων καὶ τῶν ἀποκειμένων ἀγαθῶν ἐκεῖ, πόσοις ὀφείλει δάκρυσι δακρύεσθαι; μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ δακρύεσθαι: δακρύεται γάρ τις ὅταν τι πάθῃ. ὧν οὐκ αὐτός ἐστιν αἴτιος: ὅταν δὲ ἐξ οἰκείας γνώμης ἑαυτὸν περιπείρῃ τῇ κακίᾳ, οὐδὲ δακρύων, ἀλλὰ θρήνων ἐστὶν ἄξιος, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ τότε πένθους: ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καίτοι ἀσεβοῦσαν, ἐπένθησε καὶ ἐδάκρυσεν. Ὄντως μυρίων ὀδυρμῶν ἄξιοί ἐσμεν, μυρίων θρήνων. Ἐὰν πᾶσα ἡ οἰκουμένη λαβοῦσα φωνὴν, καὶ λίθοι, καὶ ξύλα, καὶ δένδρα, καὶ θηρία, καὶ ὄρνιθες, καὶ ἰχθύες, καὶ ἁπλῶς πᾶσα ἡ οἰκουμένη, ἐὰν λαβοῦσα φωνὴν ἡμᾶς ὀδύρηται τοὺς ἐκπεπτωκότας τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἐκείνων, οὐδὲν κατ' ἀξίαν ὀδυρεῖται οὐδὲ θρηνήσει. Ποῖος γὰρ λόγος παραστῆσαι δυνήσεται, ποῖος νοῦς ἐκείνην τὴν μακαριότητα, καὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν ἐκείνην, τὴν ἡδονὴν, τὴν δόξαν, τὴν εὐφροσύνην, τὴν λαμπρότητα: Ἃ ὀφθαλμὸς, φησὶν, οὐκ εἶδε, καὶ οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσε, καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη, ἃ ἡτοίμασεν ὁ Θεὸς τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτόν; Οὐκ εἶπεν ὅτι Ὑπερβαίνει ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ', οὐδὲ ἐνενόησέ ποτέ τις, ἃ ἡτοίμασεν ὁ Θεὸς τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτόν. Ὧν γὰρ ἑτοιμαστὴς καὶ παρασκευαστὴς ὁ Θεὸς ἀγαθῶν, ποῖα εἰκὸς εἶναι ταῦτα; Εἰ γὰρ ποιήσας ἡμᾶς, εὐθέως, οὐδενὸς παρ' ἡμῶν προϋπηργμένου, τοσαῦτα ἐχαρίσατο, παράδεισον, ὁμιλίαν τὴν μετ' αὐτοῦ, ἀθανασίαν ὑπέσχετο, βίον μακάριον καὶ φροντίδων ἀπηλλαγμένον: τοῖς τοσαῦτα πεποιηκόσι καὶ ἠθληκόσι, καὶ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ ὑπομείνασι, τί οὐ χαριεῖται; Τοῦ Μονογενοῦς οὐκ ἐφείσατο δι' ἡμᾶς, τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν γνήσιον εἰς θάνατον ἔδωκε δι' ἡμᾶς: εἰ δὲ ἐχθροὺς ὄντας τοιούτων κατηξίωσε, τίνος οὐ καταξιώσει φίλους γενομένους; τίνος οὐ μεταδώσει καταλλάξας ἑαυτῷ; Καὶ πλούσιός ἐστι σφόδρα, καὶ ἀπείρως ἐπιθυμεῖ καὶ σπουδάζει τῆς ἡμετέρας φιλίας τυχεῖν: ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐδὲ τὸ πολλοστὸν ἐκείνου σπουδάζομεν, ἀγαπητοί: τί λέγω, οὐ σπουδάζομεν; οὐ θέλομεν οὕτω τυχεῖν αὐτοῦ τῶν ἀγαθῶν, ὡς αὐτὸς θέλει. Καὶ ὅτι πλέον ἐκεῖνος θέλει, δι' οὗ ἐποίησεν, ἔδειξεν. Ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν μόλις ὀλίγου καταφρονοῦμεν χρυσίου: αὐτὸς δὲ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν καὶ τὸν Υἱὸν ἔδωκε τὸν αὑτοῦ. Χρησώμεθα εἰς δέον τῇ ἀγάπῃ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀγαπητοὶ, ἀπολαύσωμεν αὐτοῦ τῆς φιλίας: Ὑμεῖς γὰρ φίλοι μού ἐστε, φησὶν, ἐὰν ποιῆτε ἃ λέγω ὑμῖν. Βαβαὶ, τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοὺς ἀπείρως αὐτοῦ διεστηκότας, ὧν ἀσυγκρίτῳ τῇ ὑπερβολῇ κατὰ πάντα διενήνοχε, τούτους φίλους ἐποίησε καὶ καλεῖ φίλους; Τί οὖν οὐχ αἱρετὸν παθεῖν ὑπὲρ ταύτης τῆς φιλίας; Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς ὑπὲρ ἀνθρώπων μὲν φιλίας πολλάκις καὶ κινδυνεύομεν, ὑπὲρ δὲ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐδὲ χρήματα προϊέμεθα. Πένθους ὄντως ἄξια τὰ ἡμέτερα, πένθους, καὶ δακρύων, καὶ ὀδυρμῶν, καὶ ὀλοφυρμοῦ μεγάλου καὶ κοπετοῦ. Τῆς ἐλπίδος ἡμῶν ἐξεπέσομεν, ἐταπεινώθημεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕψους ἡμῶν, ἀνάξιοι τῆς τιμῆς ἐφάνημεν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀγνώμονες, καὶ μετὰ τὰς εὐεργεσίας ἐφάνημεν ἄχρηστοι, ἐγύμνωσεν ἡμᾶς πάντων ὁ διάβολος τῶν ἀγαθῶν: οἱ καταξιωθέντες εἶναι υἱοὶ, οἱ ἀδελφοὶ καὶ συγκληρονόμοι, τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ οὐδὲν διενηνόχαμεν, τῶν ὑβριζόντων αὐτόν. Τίς ἡμῖν ἔσται παραμυθία λοιπόν; Αὐτὸς ἡμᾶς ἐκάλεσε πρὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἑαυτοὺς πρὸς τὴν γέενναν ὠθήσαμεν. Ἀρὰ καὶ ψεῦδος, καὶ κλοπὴ καὶ μοιχεία κέχυται ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς: οἱ μὲν αἵματα ἐφ' αἵμασι μιγνύουσιν, οἱ δὲ πράγματα πράττουσιν αἱμάτων χείρονα. Πολλοὶ τῶν ἀδικουμένων, πολλοὶ τῶν πλεονεκτουμένων, μυρίους εὔχονται θανάτους ἢ ταῦτα παθεῖν: καὶ εἰ μὴ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον ἐδεδοίκεσαν, καὶ διεχειρίσαντο ἑαυτοὺς, οὕτω φονῶντες καθ' ἑαυτῶν Ταῦτ' οὖν οὐχ αἱμάτων χείρω; Οἴμοι, ψυχὴ, ἔλεγεν ἀποδυσπετῶν ὁ προφήτης, ὅτι ἀπόλωλεν εὐλαβὴς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ὁ κατορθῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις οὐχ ὑπάρχει. Νῦν δὲ καὶ ἡμεῖς τοῦτο βοήσομεν περὶ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν πρῶτον. Ἀλλά μοι τοῦ θρήνου συλλάβεσθε. Τάχα τινὲς καὶ οἰωνίζονται καὶ γελῶσι: πλὴν καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐπιτείνειν μᾶλλον χρὴ τὸν θρῆνον, ὅτι οὕτω μαινόμεθα καὶ παραπαίομεν, ὅτι οὐδὲ εἰ μαινόμεθα ἴσμεν, ἀλλ' ἐφ' οἷς ἐχρῆν στένειν, γελῶμεν. Ἀποκαλύπτεται, ἄνθρωπε, ὀργὴ ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ, ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ἀσέβειαν καὶ ἀδικίαν ἀνθρώπων. Ὁ Θεὸς ἐμφανῶς ἥξει: πῦρ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ καυθήσεται, καὶ κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ καταιγὶς σφοδρά. Πῦρ ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ προπορεύσεται, καὶ φλογιεῖ κύκλῳ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτοῦ. Ἡ ἡμέρα Κυρίου ὡς κλίβανος καιόμενος. Καὶ οὐδεὶς ταῦτα εἰς νοῦν βάλλεται, ἀλλὰ μύθων μᾶλλον καταπεφρόνηται τὰ φρικώδη ταῦτα πράγματα καὶ φοβερὰ, καὶ πεπάτηται. Ὁ ἀκούων, οὐδείς: οἱ δὲ γελῶντες καὶ χλευάζοντες, πάντες. Τίς ἔσται ἡμῖν πόρος; πόθεν σωτηρίαν εὕρωμεν; Ἀπολώλαμεν, παρανηλώμεθα, γεγόναμεν τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἡμῶν κατάγελως, καὶ χλευασμὸς τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ τῶν δαιμόνων. δʹ. Μέγα φρονεῖ νῦν ὁ διάβολος, γαυροῦται καὶ χαίρει: ἐν αἰσχύνῃ οἱ πιστευθέντες ἡμᾶς ἄγγελοι πάντες, ἐν κατηφείᾳ: οὐδεὶς ὁ ἐπιστρέφων, εἰκῆ πάντα ἡμῖν ἀνήλωται, καὶ ἡμεῖς ὑμῖν δοκοῦμεν ληρεῖν. Εὔκαιρον καὶ νῦν καλέσαι τὸν οὐρανὸν, ὅτι οὐδεὶς ὁ ἀκούων, διαμαρτύρασθαι τὰ στοιχεῖα: Ἄκουε, οὐρανὲ, καὶ ἐνωτίζου, ἡ γῆ, ὅτι Κύριος ἐλάλησε. Δότε χεῖρα, ὀρέξατε οἱ μηδέπω καταβαπτισθέντες τοῖς ὑπὸ τῆς μέθης ἀπολωλόσιν, οἱ ὑγιαίνοντες τοῖς κάμνουσιν, οἱ νήφοντες τοῖς μαινομένοις, οἱ ἑδραῖοι τοῖς περιφερομένοις: μηδεὶς, παρακαλῶ, χάριν τῆς σωτηρίας τοῦ φίλου προτιμάτω, καὶ ἡ ὕβρις καὶ ἡ ἐπιτίμησις εἰς ἓν ὁράτω μόνον, αὐτοῦ τὴν ὠφέλειαν. Ὅταν πυρετὸς καταλάβῃ, καὶ δοῦλοι κρατοῦσι δεσποτῶν. Ὅταν γὰρ ἐκεῖνος μὲν ἐπικαίηται τὴν ψυχὴν συγχέων, ἀνδραπόδων δὲ ἐσμὸς παραστήκῃ, οὐδεὶς ἐπιγινώσκει τὸν νόμον τὸν δεσποτικὸν ἐν τῇ βλάβῃ τοῦ δεσπότου. Συστρέψωμεν ἑαυτοὺς, παρακαλῶ: πόλεμοι καθημερινοὶ, καταποντισμοὶ, ἀπώλειαι μυρίαι κύκλῳ καὶ πάντοθεν ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμᾶς περιστοιχίζεται. Ἡμεῖς δὲ ὡς εὐαρεστοῦντες, οὕτως ἐσμὲν ἐν ἀδείᾳ: πάντες τὰς χεῖρας εἰς πλεονεξίαν εὐτρεπίζομεν, οὐδεὶς εἰς βοήθειαν: πάντες εἰς ἁρπαγὴν, οὐδεὶς εἰς προστασίαν: ἕκαστος πῶς πλείονα τὰ ὄντα ποιήσει ἐσπούδακεν, οὐδεὶς πῶς βοηθήσει τῷ δεομένῳ: ἕκαστος πῶς προσθῇ τοῖς χρήμασι, πολλὴν ἔχει τὴν μέριμναν, οὐδεὶς ὅπως τὴν ψυχὴν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ διασώσῃ: φόβος εἷς ἔχει πάντας, Μὴ πενιχροὶ, φησὶ, γενώμεθα: μὴ εἰς γέενναν δὲ ἐμπέσωμεν, οὐδεὶς ἀγωνιᾷ καὶ τρέμει. Ταῦτα θρήνων, ταῦτα κατηγοριῶν, ταῦτα διαβολῆς ἄξια. Ἀλλ' οὐ ταῦτα ἐβουλόμην λέγειν, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ τῆς ὀδύνης βιάζομαι: σύγγνωτε: ὑπὸ τοῦ πένθους ἀναγκάζομαι πολλὰ καὶ ὧν οὐ βούλομαι φθέγξασθαι. Χαλεπὴν ὁρῶ τὴν πληγὴν, ἀπαραμύθητον τὴν συμφορὰν, παρακλήσεως μείζονα τὰ καταλαβόντα ἡμᾶς δεινὰ, ἀπολώλαμεν. Τίς δώσει τῇ κεφαλῇ μου ὕδωρ, καὶ τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου πηγὴν δακρύων, ἵνα θρηνήσω; Κλαύσωμεν, ἀγαπητοὶ, κλαύσωμεν, στενάξωμεν. Τάχα τινές εἰσιν ἐνταῦθα λέγοντες: Πάντα θρήνους ἡμῖν λέγει, πάντα δάκρυα. Οὐκ ἐβουλόμην, πιστεύσατε, οὐκ ἐβουλόμην, ἀλλ' ἐγκώμια καὶ ἐπαίνους διεξιέναι: νυνὶ δὲ τούτων ὁ καιρός. Οὐ τὸ θρηνεῖν, ἀγαπητοὶ, χαλεπὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ θρήνων ἄξια ποιεῖν: οὐ τὸ ὀδύρεσθαι ἀποτρόπαιον, ἀλλὰ τὸ τὰ ὀδυρμῶν ἄξια πράττειν. Μὴ κολασθῇς, καὶ οὐ πενθῶ: μὴ ἀποθάνῃς, καὶ οὐ κλαίω. Ἀλλ' ἐὰν μὲν τὸ σῶμα κέηται νεκρὸν, πάντας παρακαλεῖς συναλγεῖν, καὶ ἀσυμπαθεῖς ἡγῇ τοὺς μὴ πενθοῦντας: τῆς δὲ ψυχῆς ἀπολλυμένης, λέγεις μὴ πενθεῖν; Ἀλλ' οὐ δύναμαι πατὴρ εἶναι μὴ δακρύων: πατήρ εἰμι φιλόστοργος. Ἀκούετε οἷα βοᾷ ὁ Παῦλος: Τεκνία μου, οὓς πάλιν ὠδίνω. Ποία μήτηρ κύουσα οὕτω πικρὰς ἀφίησι φωνὰς, ὡς ἐκεῖνος; Εἴθε ἐνῆν τὴν πυρὰν αὐτὴν τῆς διανοίας ἰδεῖν, καὶ εἶδες ἂν, ὅτι πάσης γυναικὸς καὶ κόρης χηρείαν ἄωρον ὑποστάσης πλέον καίομαι. Οὐχ οὕτως ἐκείνη τὸν ἄνδρα πενθεῖ τὸν ἑαυτῆς, οὐδὲ μήτηρ υἱὸν, ὡς ἐγὼ τὸ πλῆθος τοῦτο τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν. Οὐδεμίαν ὁρῶ προκοπὴν, πάντα εἰς διαβολὰς καὶ κατηγορίας: οὐδεὶς ἔργον τίθεται ἀρέσκειν Θεῷ: ἀλλὰ, Τὸν δεῖνα, φησὶν, εἴπωμεν κακῶς, καὶ τὸν δεῖνα: ὁ δεῖνα ἀνάξιος τοῦ κλήρου, ὁ δεῖνα ἀσέμνως βιοῖ. Ὀφείλοντες τὰ ἡμέτερα πενθεῖν κακὰ, κρίνομεν ἑτέρους, οὐδὲ ὅτε καθαροί ἐσμεν ἁμαρτημάτων ὀφείλοντες τοῦτο ποιεῖν. Τίς γάρ σε διακρίνει; φησί: τί δὲ ἔχεις ὃ οὐκ ἔλαβες; εἰ δὲ καὶ ἔλαβες, τί καυχᾶσαι ὡς μὴ λαβών, Σὺ δὲ τί κρίνεις τὸν ἀδελφόν σου, μυρίων αὐτὸς γέμων κακῶν; Ὅταν εἴπῃς, Ὁ δεῖνα πονηρός ἐστι, καὶ λυμεὼν, καὶ μοχθηρὸς, ἐννόησον σαυτὸν, καὶ ἐξέτασον ἀκριβῶς τὰ σαυτοῦ, καὶ μεταμελήσει σοι ἐπὶ τοῖς λεχθεῖσιν. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστι πρὸς ἀρετὴν προτροπή τις τοιαύτη, οἷον ἁμαρτημάτων ἀνάμνησις. Ἐὰν ταῦτα τὰ δύο στρέφωμεν παρ' ἑαυτοῖς, δυνησόμεθα τυχεῖν τῶν ἐπηγγελμένων ἀγαθῶν, δυνησόμεθα καθαίρειν ἑαυτοὺς καὶ ἀποσμήχειν: μόνον λάβωμεν ἔννοιάν ποτε, μεριμνήσωμεν τὸ πρᾶγμα, ἀγαπητοί: ἀλγήσωμεν ἐνταῦθα τῷ λογισμῷ, ἵνα μὴ ἀλγήσωμεν ἐκεῖ τῇ κολάσει, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἀπολαύσωμεν τῶν αἰωνίων ἀγαθῶν, ἔνθα ἀπέδρα ὀδύνη, λύπη, καὶ στεναγμός: ἵνα τύχωμεν τῶν ὑπερβαινόντων τὸν ἀνθρώπινον νοῦν αἰωνίων ἀγαθῶν, ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ: αὐτῷ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.