Chapter XXIII.—Of the Pugilists and Gladiators.

I have seen men weighed down by bodily exercise, and carrying about the burden of their flesh, before whom rewards and chaplets are set, while the adjudicators cheer them on, not to deeds of virtue, but to rivalry in violence and discord; and he who excels in giving blows is crowned. These are the lesser evils; as for the greater, who would not shrink from telling them? Some, giving themselves up to idleness for the sake of profligacy, sell themselves to be killed; and the indigent barters himself away, while the rich man buys others to kill him. And for these the witnesses take their seats, and the boxers meet in single combat, for no reason whatever, nor does any one come down into the arena to succour. Do such exhibitions as these redound to your credit? He who is chief among you collects a legion of blood-stained murderers, engaging to maintain them; and these ruffians are sent forth by him, and you assemble at the spectacle to be judges, partly of the wickedness of the adjudicator, and partly of that of the men who engage in the combat. And he who misses the murderous exhibition is grieved, because he was not doomed to be a spectator of wicked and impious and abominable deeds. You slaughter animals for the purpose of eating their flesh, and you purchase men to supply a cannibal banquet for the soul, nourishing it by the most impious bloodshedding. The robber commits murder for the sake of plunder, but the rich man purchases gladiators for the sake of their being killed.66    [Here Christianity began to avenge itself on the brutal spectacles of the Coliseum, which stands a gigantic monument of the religious system of which they were a part. See Athenagoras, Embassy, cap. xxxv.]

23.1 Εἶδον ἀνθρώπους ὑπὸ τῆς σωμασκίας βεβαρημένους καὶ φορτίον τῶν ἐν αὑτοῖς κρεῶν περιφέροντας, οἷς ἔπαθλα καὶ στέφανοι πρόκεινται προκαλουμένων αὐτοὺς τῶν ἀγωνοθετῶν οὐκ ἐπ' ἀνδραγαθίᾳ, ὕβρεως δὲ καὶ στάσεως φιλονεικίᾳ, καὶ τὸν μᾶλλον πλήκτην στεφανούμενον. καὶ ταῦτα μέν ἐστι τῶν κακῶν τὰ ἐλάττονα· τὰ δὲ μείζονα τίς οὐκ ἂν ἐξειπεῖν ὀκνήσειεν; ἀργίαν τινὲς ἐπανῃρημένοι διὰ τὴν ἀσωτίαν ἑαυτοὺς εἰς τὸ φονευθῆναι πιπράσκουσιν· καὶ πωλεῖ μὲν ἑαυτὸν ὁ πεινῶν, ὁ δὲ πλουτῶν ὠνεῖται τοὺς φονεύσοντας. καὶ τούτοις οἱ μαρτυροῦντες καθίζονται, μονομαχοῦσί τε οἱ πυκτεύοντες περὶ οὐδενός, καὶ ὁ βοηθήσων οὐ κάτεισιν. ἆρά γε τὰ τοιαῦτα ὑφ' ὑμῶν καλῶς ἐπιτελεῖται; τὸ μὲν 23.2 γὰρ στρατόπεδον τῶν μιαιφονούντων ὁ προὔχων ἐν ὑμῖν συναγείρει λῃστοτροφεῖν ἐπαγγελλόμενος, οἱ δὲ λῃστεύοντες ἀπ' αὐτοῦ προΐασιν, καὶ πάντες ἐπὶ τὴν θέαν σύνιτε κριταὶ γινόμενοι τοῦτο μὲν πονηρίας ἀγωνοθέτου, τοῦτο δὲ καὶ αὐτῶν τῶν μονομαχούντων. ὁ δὲ τῷ φόνῳ μὴ περιτυχὼν λυπεῖται, διότι μὴ κατεκρίθη πονηρῶν καὶ μιαρῶν ἔργων θεατὴς γενέσθαι. θύετε ζῶα διὰ τὴν κρεωφαγίαν καὶ ἀνθρώπους ὠνεῖσθε τῇ ψυχῇ διὰ τὴν ἀνθρωποσφαγίαν παρεχόμενοι, τρέφοντες αὐτὴν αἱματεκχυσίαις ἀθεωτάταις. ὁ μὲν οὖν λῃστεύων φονεύει χάριν τοῦ λαβεῖν, ὁ δὲ πλουτῶν μονομάχους ὠνεῖται χάριν τοῦ φονεῦσαι.