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they confessed that it was so, and on this point most agreed. And the administrator of the imperial affairs is transferred to the rank of grand duke, with the emperor supposedly granting it; and for the rest, Palaiologos, being styled grand duke and the emperor's administrator, was in charge of common affairs and by an indispensable command, with those in authority also cooperating, he managed these things. And in some way and somehow for these reasons, out of necessary need, he touched upon the imperial treasuries. For there was a great quantity of money stored up in Magnesia, not easily counted, collected and deposited by John Doukas the emperor; for another fund privately collected by his son, Theodore Laskaris, a sum sufficient for an empire, was securely deposited in the fortress on the upper Skamandros, the one diminutively called Astritzion. Yet these were not levies and unjust collection, nor the lives of men and the blood of the poor no less than gold, but wealth collected and increased both from foresight concerning their own affairs and from the contribution of foreigners according to what they brought; for they gathered one part from agriculture, and the other they collected from foreign lands; yet it was not so that the whole was hoarded, with no one sharing, but after the necessary things were set aside for payments 99 and salaries and expenses, and rather for the munificence to distinguished men and for the support of the poor, so that the imperial mercy was poured out like the floods of ever-flowing rivers; the rest of the money was stored in the treasuries. For what was said of old about Cyrus and Darius was plainly true of them, and John was called father of the Romans, and Theodore in turn was named master. To such an extent, for John was so provident in all things that, considering the so-called team-farms a private concern of the imperial authority, he established villages for these purposes by each castle and fortress, so that from their produce and contribution both the neighboring fortress might be supplied with grain, and the ruler might have from there the means to exhaust the sheaves of his beneficence for many or even all. And Theodore, although he collected gold more effectively from the common contributions, yet he emptied it out many times over with simplicity of mind, from which certain ebbs and whirlpools, as there of the sea, here of money were shown; for what was taken away was filled again from what was easily added, and the subtraction of what was there was a greater addition of what was added to those from whom it was taken, with each contributing less because of the common tax, but having more than what was taken away from the fact that all received from the emperor, and from there also supplying whatever anyone needed from what was at hand and rejoicing more in giving than in receiving. For what else does the law of Christ intend, which commands to give to all who ask, than that all should have and no one be in want, the law being set forth for all, as another will be ready to provide, if another should be in want by giving? But for the small-minded, the debt on surety is many times more, and the guarantor is God, the wonderful thing.

24. How the emperor John, having fallen ill, provided many things to the poor. I wish, therefore, to relate something else about these things, but I ask pardon that the account has been drawn out because of its usefulness. A sickness once befell the emperor 101 John, after he was deprived of his consort, his helper in good things, Irene, of whose admirable names I do not know what I should even say, and the sickness was severe; for he was seized by it on account of old age, I think. So when the physicians were at a loss as to what they should do, he himself takes refuge in God and imitates His mercy towards all as far as possible. It was determined, therefore, and gold is poured out in sacks, and thirty-six of the unadulterated coins are given to each of the poor everywhere, apart from what was lavished on divine churches and monasteries and God-loving men, the mercy being measured out in very many mule-loads; but the mercy of God is measured out to his mercy, and the sick one recovers from the disease, and they rejoice, as is likely, at the mercy. And to the Romans

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γε εἶναι διωμολόγουν, κἀπὶ τούτῳ συνεφώνουν οἱ πλεῖστοι. Καὶ εἰς μέγαν δοῦκα ὁ τῶν βασιλικῶν πραγμάτων ἐπίτροπος μετατίθεται, τοῦ βασιλέως δῆθεν διδόντος· καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ὁ Παλαιολόγος, μέγας δοὺξ καὶ τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπίτροπος φημιζόμενος, πρὸς ταῖς φροντίσι τῶν κοινῶν ἦν καὶ ἐξ ἐπιτάγματος ἀπαραιτήτου, συμπραττόντων καὶ τῶν ἐν τέλει, διῴκει ταῦτα. Καί πως καὶ ἀμηγέπη διὰ ταῦτα κατ' ἀναγκαίας χρείας τῶν βασιλικῶν ταμιείων προσήπτετο. Ἦν γὰρ χρημάτων πλῆθος ἐναποτεθησαυρισμένον ἐν Μαγνησίᾳ, οὐ ῥᾳδίως ἀριθμητόν, συλλεγὲν καὶ ἀποτεθὲν παρ' Ἰωάννου τοῦ ∆ούκα καὶ βασιλέως· τὸ γὰρ παρὰ τοῦ παιδὸς ἐκείνου Θεοδώρου τοῦ Λάσκαρι συνα γόμενον ἰδίως ἄλλο τι χρῆμα, εἰς βασιλείας αὔταρκες ὄγκον, ἐν τῷ κατὰ τὰ ἄνω Σκαμάνδρου φρουρίῳ, τῷ οὕτω πως Ἀστριτζίῳ ὑποκοριζομένῳ, ἀσφαλῶς ἐναπέκειτο. Πλὴν οὐκ ἐκλογαὶ ταῦτα καὶ εἴσπραξις ἄδικος, οὐδ' ἀνθρώπων βίοι καὶ πενήτων οὐχ ἧττον ἢ χρυσὸς αἵματα, ἀλλὰ πλοῦτος ἔκ τε τῆς περὶ τὰ ἴδια προμηθείας καὶ ἐκ τῆς τῶν ἀλλοτρίων κατὰ προσένεξιν εἰσφορᾶς συλλεγείς τε καὶ αὐξηθείς· τὸν μὲν γὰρ ἐκ γεωπονίας συνῆγον, τὸν δ' ἐξ ἀλλοδαπῆς συνέλεγον· πλὴν οὐχ ὥστε καὶ ἀποτεθησαυρίσθαι τὸν πάντα, μηδενὸς μετέχοντος, ἀλλ' ἐξαιρουμένων τῶν ἀναγκαίων εἰς δόσεις 99 καὶ ῥόγας καὶ δαπανήματα, καὶ μᾶλλον εἰς ἐπιφανῶν μὲν ἀνδρῶν φιλοτιμίας, πενήτων δὲ χορηγίας, ὡς ἐκχεῖσθαι κατ' ἀεννάων ποταμῶν πλημμύρας τὸ βασιλικὸν ἔλεος· τὸ λοιπὸν τῶν χρημάτων τοῖς ταμείοις ἐντεθησαύριστο. Τὸ γὰρ ἐπὶ Κύρου καὶ ∆αρείου τὸ πάλαι λεγόμενον ἐπ' ἐκείνοις ἄντικρυς ἦν, καὶ ὁ μὲν Ἰωάννης πατὴρ Ῥωμαίων, ὁ δ' αὖ Θεόδωρος δεσπότης ἐπωνομάζοντο. Ἐς τόσον καὶ γὰρ ὁ μὲν Ἰωάννης προμηθευτικῶς τοῖς ἅπασιν εἶχεν ὥστε καί, ἰδίαν πρόνοιαν τῆς βασιλικῆς ἐξουσίας τὰ λεγόμενα ζευγηλατεῖα ἡγούμενος, παρ' ἕκαστον κάστρον καὶ φρούριον κώμας ἐπὶ τούτοις καθίστη, ἐφ' ᾧπερ ἐκ τῆς ἐκείνων ἐπικαρπίας καὶ εἰσφορᾶς σιταρκοῖτο μὲν καὶ τὸ παρακείμενον φρούριον, ἔχοι δέ γε καὶ ὁ κρατῶν ἐντεῦθεν πολλοῖς ἢ καὶ πᾶσιν ἐξαντλεῖν τὰς τῆς εὐεργεσίας ἀμάρας. Ὁ δέ γε Θεόδωρος εἰ καὶ δραστικώτερον ἐχρυσολόγει ἐκ τῶν κοινῶν συνδόσεων, ἀλλ' εἰς τὸ πολλα πλάσιον ἐξεκένου γνώμης ἁπλότητι, ἐξ ὧν ἀμπώτιδές τινες καὶ χαρύβδεις, ὡς ἐκεῖ τῆς θαλάσσης, ἐνταῦθα τῶν χρημάτων ἐδείκνυντο· τὸ γὰρ ἀφαιρού μενον ἐπληροῦτο πάλιν ἐκ τοῦ ῥᾳδίως προσγιγνομένου, καὶ ἦν ἡ τοῦ ὄντος ἀφαίρεσις τοῦ προσγιγνομένου τοῖς ἀφαιρεθεῖσι πρόσθεσις πλείων, ἑκάστου μεῖον μὲν συνδιδόντος διὰ τὴν κοινὴν εἴσπραξιν, πλέον δ' ἔχοντος οὗπερ ἀφῄρηται ἐκ τοῦ πάντας ἐκ βασιλέως ἔχειν, κἀντεῦθεν καὶ ἐπιχορηγεῖν ὅτου δέοιτό τις ἐκ τοῦ προχείρου κἀν τῷ διδόναι μᾶλλον χαίρειν ἢ τῷ λαμβάνειν. Καὶ τί γὰρ ὁ τοῦ Χριστοῦ νόμος ἄλλο βούλεται ὁ διδόναι πᾶσιν ἐπιτάττων αἰτοῦσιν ἢ ὥστε πάντας ἔχειν καὶ ἐξαπορεῖσθαι μηδένα, κοινοῦ προκειμένου τοῦ νόμου, ὡς ἄλλου παρέξοντος ἑτοίμου, εἴ γε ἄλλος ἀπορήσει διδούς; Τοῖς δέ γε μικροψύχοις καὶ τὸ κατ' ἐγγύην χρέος εἰς πολλαπλάσιον πρόσεστι, καὶ ὁ ἐγγυητὴς Θεός, τὸ θαυμάσιον.

κδʹ. Ὅπως νοσήσας ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἰωάννης πολλὰ τοῖς πένησιν ἐχορήγησεν. Βούλομαι τοίνυν καὶ ἄλλο τι διηγήσασθαι περὶ τούτων, παραιτοῦμαι δὲ ὅτι καὶ ὁ λόγος διὰ τὸ χρήσιμον παραβέβασται. Νόσος ἐνέσκηψε τῷ βασιλεῖ 101 Ἰωάννῃ ποτέ, ἀφαιρεθέντι τὴν ἐπ' ἀγαθοῖς βοηθὸν σύζυγον, τὴν οὐκ οἶδ' ὅ τι καὶ φῶ τῶν θαυμασίων ὀνομάτων Εἰρήνην, καὶ ἡ νόσος ὡς χαλεπή· ἐπείληπτο γὰρ διὰ τὸ γῆρας, οἶμαι. Τῶν γοῦν ἰατρῶν ἀπορούντων ἐφ' ὅ τι καὶ τράποιντο, αὐτὸς ἐπὶ Θεὸν καταφεύγει καὶ τὸ ἐκείνου πρὸς πάντας ἔλεος κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν ἐκμιμεῖται. Ὥριστο τοίνυν, καὶ σάκκοις ὁ χρυσὸς ἐξαν τλεῖται, καὶ ἀνὰ ἓξ καὶ τριάκοντα τῶν ἀκιβδήλων νομισμάτων ἑκάστῃ τῶν ὁπουδήποτε ἀπόρων δίδοται, χωρὶς τῶν εἰς θείους ναοὺς καὶ μονὰς καὶ θεοφιλεῖς ἄνδρας ἐξαντληθέντων, ἐπιμεμετρημένου τοῦ ἐλέους πλείστοις ἡμιόνων σάγμασιν· ἀλλ' ἐπιμετρεῖται τῷ ἐλέει τὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἔλεος, καὶ ῥαΐζει τῆς νόσου ὁ ἀσθενῶν, καὶ ἐπιγάννυνται ὡς εἰκὸς τῷ ἐλέει. Καὶ Ῥωμαίοις