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working, may eat their own bread. For if I, he says, the preacher of the word of teaching, was afraid to be a burden to you, much more so the one who benefits you in no way. For this is truly a burden. And it is a burden, when someone does not give with much readiness. But he is not hinting at this, but that they did not have it readily. For why do you not work? God gave you hands for this, not that you might receive from others, but that you might provide for others. But the Lord, he says, be with you. This it is permitted for us 62.498 to pray for ourselves, if we do the things of the Lord. For hear Christ saying to the disciples: Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age. These things were not said to them alone, but also to us. For that it was not promised to them alone is clear from His saying, "Until the end of the age," but also to those who walk in their footsteps. What then does he say to those who are not teachers? Each of you, if he wished, is a teacher, if not of another, then of himself; teach yourself first. If you teach all things, which he commanded you to keep, through this you will have many who emulate you. For just as a lamp, when it becomes bright, can light ten thousand others; but when extinguished, it will not provide light for itself, nor will it be able to light other lamps; so also in a pure life, if the light in us is bright, we will make ten thousand disciples and teachers, being set forth as an archetype. For the words from me will not be able to benefit the hearers so much as our life. For let there be, if you will, a certain man, a friend to God, and shining in virtue, and having a wife; for it is possible even for one having a wife to please God, and children and servants and friends; will not this man, tell me, be able to benefit all people much more than I? For they will hear me once or twice a month, or not even once, and whatever they hear, perhaps keeping it until the threshold of the church, they immediately cast it away; but seeing his life continually, they gain great things. For when, being insulted, he does not insult in return, has he not almost fixed and engraved reverence for his meekness into the soul of the one who insults him? And even if he does not immediately confess the benefit, from anger or being ashamed or embarrassed, yet still he immediately perceives it; and it is impossible for an insolent man, even if he be a wild beast, having encountered someone who is forbearing, to go away not having gained greatly. For even if we do not do good things, yet we all praise and admire them. Again, if the wife sees that her husband is gentle, she gains greatly by always being with him, and the child too. It is possible, therefore, for each to become a teacher. For build one another up, he says, one to another, just as you also do. For see: did a loss befall the house? Is the wife disturbed, being weaker and worldly? If the husband is a philosopher and scorns loss, he both comforts her and persuades her to bear it nobly. Therefore, tell me, will he not benefit her much more than our words? For it is easy for anyone to speak, but to act when we come to the need, is very difficult. For this reason human nature is accustomed to be disciplined more by deeds; and so great is the excellence of virtue, that often even a slave has benefited an entire household along with the master. 5. For not in vain nor simply does Paul continuously command them to practice virtue and to be obedient to their masters, caring not so much for the service of the masters, as that the word of God and the teaching be not blasphemed; and when it is not blasphemed, it will quickly also be admired. And I know many households, that they gained great things from the virtue of their slaves. But if a servant who is under authority the

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ἐργαζόμενοι τὸν ἑαυτῶν ἄρτον ἐσθίωσιν. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ κήρυξ ἐγὼ, φησὶ, τοῦ λόγου τῆς διδασκαλίας ἐφοβήθην βαρῆσαι ὑμᾶς, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ μηδὲν ὑμᾶς ὠφελῶν. Τοῦτο γὰρ ὄντως βάρος ἐστί. Βάρος δέ ἐστιν, ὅταν τις μὴ μετὰ προθυμίας πολλῆς διδῷ. Ἀλλ' οὐ τοῦτο αἰνίττεται, ἀλλ' ὡς οὐκ ἐχόντων εὐκόλως. ∆ιὰ τί γὰρ οὐκ ἐργάζῃ; χεῖράς σοι εἰς τοῦτο ἔδωκεν ὁ Θεὸς, οὐχ ἵνα παρ' ἑτέρων λαμβάνῃς, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἑτέροις παρέχῃς. Ὁ δὲ Κύριος, φησὶ, μεθ' ὑμῶν. Τοῦτο ἔξεστι καὶ 62.498 ἡμῖν ἑαυτοῖς ἐπεύχεσθαι, ἂν τὰ τοῦ Κυρίου πράττωμεν. Ἄκουε γὰρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος τοῖς μαθηταῖς· Πορευθέντες μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος, διδάσκοντες αὐτοὺς τηρεῖν πάντα, ὅσα ἐνετειλάμην ὑμῖν· καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος. Οὐ μόνον ταῦτα πρὸς ἐκείνους εἴρηται, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς ἡμᾶς. Ὅτι γὰρ ἐκείνοις οὐκ ἐπήγγελται μόνον, δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, Ἕως τοῦ αἰῶνος τῆς συντελείας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς κατ' ἴχνος ἐκείνων βαίνουσι. Τί οὖν πρὸς τοὺς μὴ διδασκάλους φησίν; Ἕκαστος ὑμῶν, εἰ βούλοιτο, διδάσκαλός ἐστιν, εἰ καὶ μὴ ἑτέρου, ἀλλ' ἑαυτοῦ· δίδαξον σεαυτὸν πρῶτον. Ἐὰν διδάξῃς πάντα, ὅσα ἐνετείλατό σοι τηρεῖν, διὰ τούτου πολλοὺς ἕξεις τοὺς ζηλοῦντας. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ λύχνος, ὅταν αὐτὸς γένηται λαμπρὸς, μυρίους δύναται ἀνάψαι· ἐσβεσμένος δὲ οὐδὲ ἑαυτῷ παρέξει φῶς, οὔτε ἑτέρους ἀνάψαι λύχνους δυνήσεται· οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ βίου τοῦ καθαροῦ, ἐὰν τὸ ἐν ἡμῖν φῶς λαμπρὸν ᾖ, μυρίους καὶ μαθητὰς καὶ διδασκάλους ἐργασόμεθα, ὥσπερ ἀρχέτυπον προκείμενοι. Οὐδὲ γὰρ οὕτω τὰ παρ' ἐμοῦ ῥήματα τοὺς ἀκούοντας ὠφελῆσαι δυνήσεται, ὡς ὁ βίος ὁ ἡμέτερος. Ἔστω γὰρ, εἰ βούλει, ἀνήρ τις τῷ Θεῷ φίλος, καὶ ἐν ἀρετῇ διαλάμπων, καὶ γυναῖκα ἔχων· ἔξεστι γὰρ καὶ γυναῖκα ἔχοντα ἀρέσκειν Θεῷ καὶ παιδία καὶ οἰκέτας καὶ φίλους· οὗτος, εἰπέ μοι, οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐμοῦ τοὺς πάντας ὠφελῆσαι δυνήσεται; Ἐμοῦ μὲν γὰρ ἅπαξ ἢ δεύτερον ἀκούσονται τοῦ μηνὸς, ἢ οὐδὲ ἅπαξ, καὶ ἅπερ ἂν ἀκούσωσιν, ἴσως μέχρι τοῦ τῆς ἐκκλησίας οὐδοῦ φυλάξαντες, εὐθέως ἀποβάλλουσιν· ἐκείνου δὲ τὸν βίον ὁρῶντες διηνεκῶς, μεγάλα κερδαίνουσιν. Ὅταν γὰρ ὑβρισθεὶς μὴ ἀνθυβρίσῃ, οὐχὶ σχεδὸν ἐνέπηξε καὶ ἐνεχάραξε τῆς ἐπιεικείας αὐτοῦ τὴν αἰδὼ εἰς τὴν τοῦ ὑβρίζοντος ψυχήν; κἂν μὴ παραυτίκα ὁμολογῇ τὴν ὠφέλειαν, ἀπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ ἢ αἰσχυνόμενος ἢ ἐντρεπόμενος, ἀλλ' ὅμως αἴσθησιν εὐθέως λαμβάνει· καὶ ἀδύνατον ἄνθρωπον ὑβριστὴν, κἂν θηρίον ᾖ, ἀνεξικάκῳ τινὶ προσμίξαντα, μὴ μεγάλα κερδήσαντα ἀπελθεῖν. Τὰ γὰρ ἀγαθὰ κἂν μὴ πράττωμεν, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐπαινοῦμεν ἅπαντες καὶ θαυμάζομεν. Ἡ γυνὴ πάλιν ἂν ἴδῃ τὸν ἄνδρα ἐπιεικῆ, μεγάλα κερδαίνει ἀεὶ συνοῦσα, καὶ τὸ παιδίον. Ἔξεστιν οὖν ἑκάστῳ διδασκάλῳ γενέσθαι. Οἰκοδομεῖτε γὰρ, φησὶν, ἀλλήλους εἷς τὸν ἕνα, καθὼς καὶ ποιεῖτε. Ὅρα γάρ· προσέπεσε ζημία ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας; ἡ γυνὴ θορυβεῖται, ἅτε ἀσθενεστέρα οὖσα καὶ φιλόκοσμος; ὁ ἀνὴρ ἐὰν ᾖ φιλόσοφος καὶ καταγελαστὴς ζημίας, καὶ ἐκείνην παραμυθεῖται, καὶ πείθει φέρειν γενναίως. Ἆρ' οὖν, εἰπέ μοι, οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐτὴν τῶν ἡμετέρων ὠφελήσει λόγων; Εἰπεῖν μὲν γὰρ παντὶ εὔκολον, πρᾶξαι δὲ ὅταν εἰς χρείαν καταστῶμεν, σφόδρα δύσκολον. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο μᾶλλον ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων ῥυθμίζεσθαι ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη φύσις εἴωθε· καὶ τοσαύτη τῆς ἀρετῆς ἡ ὑπερβολὴ, ὥστε καὶ δοῦλος πολλάκις ὁλόκληρον ὠφέλησεν οἰκίαν μετὰ τοῦ δεσπότου. εʹ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰκῆ οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς αὐτοῖς συνεχῶς ἐπιτάττει τὴν ἀρετὴν ἀσκεῖν ὁ Παῦλος, καὶ πειθηνίους εἶναι τοῖς δεσπόταις, οὐ τῆς διακονίας τοσοῦτον φροντίζων τῶν δεσποτῶν, ὅσον ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται καὶ ἡ διδασκαλία· ὅταν δὲ μὴ βλασφημῆται, ταχέως καὶ θαυμασθήσεται. Καὶ οἶδα πολλὰς οἰκίας, ὅτι μεγάλα ἐκέρδαναν ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν δούλων ἀρετῆς. Εἰ δὲ οἰκέτης ὑπ' ἐξουσίαν κείμενος τὸν