Virtue is the mother of the good deeds from it. And its nest is the soul in which it dwells. It is necessary for those who encounter them to be benefited by the good deeds of virtue and to enjoy them, but not to plot against the virtue of the one who does right, nor to attempt to destroy and extinguish it in any way. If you see your brother's calf or his sheep wandering on the road, do not overlook them, but return them to your brother. It commands not to overlook the subordinates [or: those under one's authority] of a brother in the faith, who are wandering in the way of the governance of doctrines; but to turn them from their error, and restore them to the brother, and to fill up what is lacking in that one on account of brotherhood. But if, it says, you should meet your enemy's ox or his beast of burden wandering on the road, you shall turn it back and return it to him. For the same reasoning about subordinates is here also. But, it says, love your enemies, do good to those who hate you. And if you see, it says, your enemy's beast of burden fallen under its load, you shall not pass it by, but you shall help him raise it. For he who is weighed down by the burden of temptations and tribulations falls; whom it is necessary to raise up together, both through exhortation and encouragement. If it is necessary to deem your enemy's ox and his beast of burden worthy of care; how much more so indeed the enemy himself, who has shared in the same nature. You shall not speak evil of the deaf, and you shall not put a stumbling block before the blind. It advises not to speak against the one who is absent, and for this reason does not hear, nor to plot against the one who is ignorant. For through deafness, not hearing is indicated, and through blindness, not knowing. The law commanded those who flog sinners not to exceed the fortieth number of stripes; intimating that the scourges of sinners were in effect until the incarnation of Christ and his resurrection from the dead, but they did not go further; since he granted to all who wish to believe in him through holy 77.1245 baptism, freedom from the punishments for their transgressions. For since he was incarnate in the fifth season, as was previously explained in the detailed theory concerning Passover, in the book of Leviticus; he rose on the eighth day. For after the seventh, that is the Sabbath, the Lord's day after it is certainly the eighth; you will count five times eight, and you will find the forty, which the scourges for sins do not exceed. But if they should exceed it, he says, the one being scourged will be disgraced. For truly unseemly and dishonored is the one who is still scourged; I mean, after the grace of the aforementioned remission. For he is scourged either as one who did not believe, or as one who sinned after the remission. You shall not set over yourself a foreign man as ruler. By the foreign man, it signifies the devil; whom those who foolishly obey his wicked suggestions unlawfully establish as ruler for themselves; But from your brothers, it says, you shall choose a ruler for yourself. And this is Christ, having become our brother according to the incarnation, and ruler of those who obey his commandments. It was the law for those who killed unintentionally to be led away to the places of the appointed refuges and to be kept there, and to be released when the high priest died. Such killers would be the souls of those who had died before the incarnation of Christ, having killed themselves through their sins; but unintentionally, as having been forced into this by it. Who, driven from their own land, and led away to Hades, as to a place of refuge, were securely held. But when the great high priest Jesus Christ died, they were released from the prison in Hades. When you enter into the land which the Lord God gives to you, and you plant every food-bearing tree, you shall purify its impurity, but the
ἀρετὴ μήτηρ ἐστὶ τῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς κατορθωμάτων. Νοσσιὰ δὲ αὐτῆς, ἡ ψυχὴ ἐν ᾗ κατοικεῖ. Χρὴ δὲ τοῖς μὲν κατορθώμασι τῆς ἀρετῆς ὠφελεῖσθαι τοὺς ἐντυγχάνοντας καὶ ἀπολαύειν αὐτῶν, μὴ ἐπιβουλεύειν δὲ τῇ ἀρετῇ τοῦ κατορθοῦντος, μηδὲ ἐπιχειρεῖν ἀνελεῖν, καὶ ἀποσβέσαι αὐτὴν, διά τινος τρόπου. Μὴ ἰδὼν τὸν μόσχον τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, ἢ τὸ πρόβατον αὐτοῦ πλανώμενον ἐν τῇ ὀδῷ, παρ ίδῃς αὐτὰ, ἀλλ' ἀπόστρεψον αὐτὰ τῷ ἀδελ φῷ σου. Κελεύει μὴ παριδεῖν τοὺς ὑπερουσίους [ἴσ. ὑπεξουσίους] τοῦ κατὰ πίστιν ἀδελφοῦ, πλανωμένους ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ τῆς πολιτείας τῶν δογμάτων· ἀλλ' ἀποστρέφειν αὐτοὺς τῆς πλάνης, καὶ ἐπανασώζειν τῷ ἀδελφῷ, καὶ τὸ ὑστέρημα ἐκείνου ἀναπληροῦν διὰ τὴν ἀδελφίαν. Ἐὰν δὲ, φησὶ, συναντήσῃς τῷ βοῒ τοῦ ἐχθροῦ σου, ἢ τῷ ὑποζυγίῳ αὐτοῦ, πλανωμένοις ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, ἀποστρέψας ἀποδώσεις αὐτῷ. Ὁ αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ κἀνταῦθα περὶ τῶν ὑπεξουσίων λόγος. Ἀγαπᾶτε δὲ, φησὶ, τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν, εὖ ποιεῖτε τοῖς μισοῦσιν ὑμᾶς. Ἐὰν δὲ ἴδῃς, φησὶ, τὸ ὑποζύγιον τοῦ ἐχθροῦ σου πεπτωκὸς ὑπὸ τὸν γόμον αὐτοῦ, οὐ παρελεύσῃ αὐτὸ, ἀλλὰ συνεγερεῖς αὐτὸ μετ' αὐτοῦ. Πίπτει γὰρ ὁ καταβαρούμενος τῷ ἄχθει τῶν πειρασμῶν, καὶ τῶν θλίψεων· ὃν δεῖ συνεγείρειν, καὶ διὰ παρακλήσεως καὶ ψυχαγωγίας. Εἰ δὲ [φ. δ. δεῖ] τὸν βοῦν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ σου καὶ τὸ ὑποζύγιον αὐτοῦ ἐπιμελείας ἀξιοῦν· πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐτὸν δή που τὸν ἐχθρὸν, τὸν τῆς αὐτῆς κεκοινωνηκότα φύσεως. Οὐκ ἐρεῖς κακῶς κωφὸν, καὶ ἀπέναντι τυφλοῦ οὐ προσθήσεις σκάνδαλον. Παραινεῖ μὴ καταλαλεῖν τοῦ ἀπόντος, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μὴ ἀκούοντος, μηδ' ἐπιβουλεύειν τῷ ἀγνοοῦντι. ∆ιὰ μὲν γὰρ τῆς κωφότητος τὸ μὴ ἀκούειν, διὰ δὲ τῆς τυφλότητος, τὸ μὴ γινώσκειν ὑποδηλοῦται. Ἐκέλευσεν ὁ νόμος τοῖς μαστιγοῦσι τοὺς ἁμαρτήσαντας, μὴ ὑπερβαίνειν τὸν τεσσαρακοστὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν πληγῶν· αἰνιττόμενος ὅτι αἱ μάστιγες τῶν ἁμαρτησάντων ἄχρις τῆς ἐνανθρωπήσεως τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ τῆς ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ, τὸ ἐνεργὸν εἶχον, περαιτέρω δὲ οὐ προέβησαν· δωρησαμένου πᾶσι τοῖς θέλουσι πιστεύειν εἰς αὐτὸν διὰ τοῦ ἁγίου 77.1245 βαπτίσματος ἐλευθερίαν τῶν ἐπὶ τοῖς πεπλημμελημένοις κολάσεων. Ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἐνηνθρώπησε μὲν τὸν πέμπτον καιρὸν, ὡς ἐν τῇ περὶ τοῦ Πάσχα λεπτομερεῖ θεωρίᾳ, ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ τοῦ Λευϊτικοῦ προδιείληπται· ἀνέστη κατὰ τὴν ηʹ ἡμέραν. Μετὰ γὰρ τὴν ζʹ, ἤτοι τὸ σάββατον, ηʹ πάντως ἡ μετ' ἐκείνην Κυριακή· πεντάκις ὀκτὼ μετρήσεις, καὶ εὑρήσεις τὸν τεσσαράκοντα, ὃν οὐχ ὑπερβαίνουσιν αἱ μάστιγες τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων. Εἰ δ' ὑπερβήσονται, φησὶν, ἀσχημονήσει ὁ μαστιζόμενος. Ἀσχήμων γὰρ ὄντως καὶ ἄτιμος ὁ μαστιζόμενος ἔτι· λέγω δὴ μετὰ τὴν χάριν τῆς εἰρημένης ἀφέσεως. Ἢ γὰρ ὡς μὴ πιστεύσας μαστίζεται, ἢ ὡς μετὰ τὴν ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτήσας. Οὐ καταστήσεις ἐπὶ σεαυτῷ ἄρχοντα ἄνθρωπον ἀλλότριον. ∆ιὰ τοῦ ἀλλοτρίου ἀνθρώπου, τὸν διάβολον ὑποδηλοῖ· ὂν παρανόμως καθιστῶσιν ἑαυτοῖς ἄρχοντα, οἱ πειθαρχοῦντες ἀνοήτως ταῖς πονηραῖς αὐτοῦ εἰσηγήσεσιν· Ἀλλ' ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν σου, φησὶν, ἐκλέξῃ σεαυτῷ ἄρχοντα. Οὗτος δέ ἐστιν ὁ Χριστὸς, ἀδελφὸς ἡμῶν, κατὰ τὴν ἐνανθρώπησιν γενόμενος, καὶ ἄρχων τῶν πειθομένων ταῖς ἐντολαῖς αὐτοῦ. Νόμιμον ἦν τοὺς ἀκουσίως φονεύσαντας εἰς τοὺς τόπους τῶν ὁρισθέντων φυγαδευτηρίων ἀπ άγεσθαι καὶ φυλάττεσθαι, τοῦ ἀρχιερέως δὲ τελευτήσαντος ἀπολύεσθαι. Εἶεν δ' ἂν τοιοῦτοι φονεῖς αἱ ψυχαὶ τῶν πρὸ τῆς ἐνανθρωπήσεως τοῦ Χριστοῦ τετελευτηκότων, φονεύσασαι μὲν ἑαυτὰς διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας· ἀκουσίως δὲ, ὡς παρ' αὐτῆς ἐκβιασθείσας εἰς τοῦτο. Αἳ τῆς ἰδίας γῆς διωχθεῖσαι, καὶ εἰς τὸν ᾅδην ἀπαχθεῖσαι, καθάπερ εἰς φυγαδευτήριον, ἀσφαλῶς κατείχοντο. Τοῦ δὲ μεγάλου ἀρχιερέως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἀποθανόντος, ἀφείθησαν ἐκ τῆς κατὰ τὸν ᾅδην εἱρκτῆς. Ὅταν εἰσέλθητε εἰς τὴν γῆν ἢν Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς δίδωσιν ὑμῖν, καὶ καταφυτεύσητε πᾶν ξύλον βρώσιμον, περικαθαριεῖτε τὴν ἀκαθαρσίαν αὐτοῦ, ὁ δὲ