citizens of the country, and to urge them and to prepare them to save all their belongings in castles and fortified places, and to continuously wound those of the enemy coming out for plunder, as wise and vigilant men, so that they may be afraid to ride far from their army and to bring in provisions; and from this they will be constrained by a shortage of food. 22.2 But, as we said, having a multitude of people, they will perhaps pursue another method. Sometimes dividing half their people or even a third, they will send them far off, a day's journey away or even beyond from their camp, to certain districts in which they hope to find more supplies. And it is necessary for these to spend two or even three days outside their camp. Therefore, having learned and understood this, O general, it is necessary to set an ambush against them with calculated planning and to get near them at night and, finding a suitable place, to hide your own army. 22.3 Since, then, they are dispersed not into two or three districts, but even into more to search for provisions, and it is likely that the so-called *foulkon* is also positioned as their guard, it is necessary to divide the army under you in two, taking care not to be seen or recognized by the enemy scouting parties, so that you are not ambushed by them instead; and to wait patiently in the hiding place until the eleventh hour of the day, when the sun is already toward setting. And if the *foulkon* has returned, as is the custom, to the districts in which their comrades are quartered, you will send to the districts at a distance those whom you previously separated, following behind them and accompanying them from close by. And as the lay of the land allows, proceeding secretly and without a shout, quickly hide yourself until you are very near the districts. 22.4 But when it is not possible for the people under you to be hidden by some stream, but it is necessary to come into the open, then let the attack be made with a youthful cavalry charge by those sent ahead against the enemy who are in the districts. And falling upon them unexpectedly they will both kill many, and some they will even capture alive as slaves. And if the *foulkon* that is their guard still stands outside the districts, let those sent ahead make the attack against it first, around sunset, as I said. And with you following behind after your vanguard, you yourself, drawn up to engage in battle, will attack them and you will defeat them by the grace of God. 22.5 But if the leaders of the enemy, who are there, having a great force, should be able to rally and should strive to reverse the defeat, which is impossible, since night is already falling nothing untoward will happen to you. So then, as you do this, your enemies will both admire and be terrified of you and will not dare to go out from their camp without fear; and from this it will be necessary for them, lacking provisions, to return to their own land. 23.t Concerning the return of the enemy and the seizing of the pass 23.1 When the enemy are returning and are hurrying to reach their own land, it is necessary to send the infantry forces ahead to the passes and to seize the roads through which they are about to pass. For through whatever road they may wish to pass, from both the passes in Seleucia and of the Anatolikon theme, just as the Taurus mountains separate both Cilicia and Cappadocia and Lykandos, and in addition to these the neighboring areas of Germanikeia and Adatâ and Kaesoun and of Daouthas, Melitene and the Kaloudia, and the things beyond the Euphrates river separating both the land called Chanzêti and the enemy territory as far as Romanoupolis, in all such themes, through whatever road they may wish to pass while returning to their own land, without hesitation, with the help of God, hasten to arrange the war against them and you will find the victorious by the

τῶν χωρίων πολίτας, καὶ τὰ αὐτῶν ἅπαντα παρακελεύσασθαί τε καὶ παρασκευάσασθαι ἐν κάστροις καὶ ὀχυροῖς τόποις διασώσασθαι, τοὺς δὲ τῶν πολεμίων πρὸς λείαν ἐξερχομένους, ὡς νουνεχεῖς καὶ ἀγρύπνους συνεχῶς τραυματίζειν, ἵνα εἶεν δεδοικότες πόρρω τοῦ στρατεύματος αὐτῶν ἐξελαύνειν καὶ τροφὰς ἐπικομίζεσθαι· κἀντεῦθεν στενοχωρίᾳ τροφῶν συσχεθήσονται. 22.2 Πλήν, ὡς ἔφημεν, πλῆθος λαοῦ ἔχοντες, ἑτέραν ἴσως μέθοδον μετελεύσονται. ∆ιαχωρίζοντες ἐνίοτε τοὺς ἡμίσεις τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτῶν ἢ καὶ τὸ τριτημόριον, ἀποστελοῦσι πόρρω ἡμέρας ὁδοῦ διάστημα ἢ καὶ ἐπέκεινα ἀπέχοντας τοῦ φοσσάτου αὐτῶν ἐν χωρίοις τισίν, ἐν οἷς ἐλπίζουσι πλείονας δαπάνας ἐφευρεῖν. Καὶ ἀνάγκη τούτους ἐπὶ δυσὶν ἡμέραις ἢ καὶ τρισὶν ἔξω τοῦ φοσσάτου αὐτῶν διάγειν. Τοῦτο γοῦν πυθόμενος καὶ νοήσας, ὦ στρατηγέ, δέον κατ' αὐτῶν ἐνεδρεῦσαι μετὰ λελογισμένης διασκέψεως καὶ πλησίον αὐτῶν ἐν νυκτὶ γενέσθαι καὶ τόπον ἐπιτήδειον ἐφευρίσκων τὸ ἴδιον στράτευμα ἀποκρύψαι. 22.3 Ἐπεὶ οὖν οὐκ εἰς δύο καὶ τρία χωρία, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς πλείονα ἐρευνήσοντες τροφὰς διασκορπίζονται, εἰκὸς δέ ἐστι καὶ τὸ λεγόμενον φοῦλκον εἰς φυλακὴν αὐτῶν ἵστασθαι, δεῖ τὸ ὑπὸ σὲ στράτευμα διχῆ διελεῖν, ἀσφάλειαν ποιούμενος μὴ φωραθῆναι ἢ διαγνωσθῆναί σε παρὰ τῶν ἀνερευνώντων πολεμίων τοὺς λόχους, ἵνα μὴ ὑπ' αὐτῶν μᾶλλον ἐνεδρευθῇς· καρτερῆσαι δὲ ἐν τῷ ἐγκρύμματι ἄχρι ἑνδεκάτης ὥρας τῆς ἡμέρας, ἤδη τοῦ ἡλίου πρὸς δύσιν ὄντος. Καὶ εἰ μὲν ὑπέστρεψεν, ὡς ἔθος ἐστί, τὸ φοῦλκον ἐν οἷς χωρίοις αὐλίζονται οἱ ἑταῖροι αὐτῶν, ἐν τοῖς μήκοθεν χωρίοις ἀποστελεῖς οὓς ἔμπροσθεν διεχώρισας, ὄπισθεν αὐτῶν ἐπακολουθῶν καὶ ἐκ τοῦ σύνεγγυς αὐτοῖς παρεπόμενος. Καὶ ὡς ἂν ἡ τοῦ τόπου θέσις δίδωσι, λάθρα καὶ ἄνευ κραυγῆς ὀξέως πορευόμενος ἀπόκρυψον ἑαυτόν, ἕως οὗ ἔγγιστα γένῃ τῶν χωρίων. 22.4 Ὅτε δὲ οὐ δυνατόν ἐστιν ἀποκρύπτεσθαι ὑπό του ῥύακος τὸν ὑπὸ σὲ λαόν, ἀλλ' ἀνάγκη εἰς φανερὸν γενέσθαι, τότε σὺν ἱππασίᾳ νεανικῇ κατὰ τῶν εἰς τὰ χωρία ὄντων πολεμίων ἡ ὁρμὴ παρὰ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν ἀποσταλέντων γενέσθω. Καὶ ἀδοκήτως τούτοις ἐπιθέμενοι καὶ ἀναιρήσουσι πολλούς, τινὰς δὲ καὶ ζῶντας ἀνδραπόδων λόγῳ κατάσχωσιν. Εἰ δὲ καὶ τὸ φοῦλκον τὸ εἰς φυλακὴν αὐτῶν ἔξωθεν τῶν χωρίων ἔτι ἵσταται, κατ' αὐτοῦ πρῶτον τὴν ὁρμὴν ποιείτωσαν, περὶ δυσμὰς ἡλίου, ὡς ἔφην, οἱ ἔμπροσθεν ἀποσταλέντες. Καὶ σοῦ ὄπισθεν παρεπομένου μετὰ τοὺς προηγουμένους σου, πρὸς πόλεμον συμβαλεῖν συντεταγμένος καὶ αὐτὸς ὁρμήσεις κατ' αὐτῶν καὶ καταγωνίσῃ τούτους τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριτι. 22.5 Εἰ δέ γε οἱ τῶν πολεμίων ἀρχηγοί, οἱ ἐκεῖσε ὄντες, πολλὴν ἔχοντες δύναμιν συστῆναι δυνηθῶσι καὶ τὴν ἧτταν ἀνακαλέσασθαι ἀγωνίσωνται, ὅπερ ἀδύνατόν ἐστι, τῆς νυκτὸς ἤδη ἐπιλαμβανομένης οὐδὲν συμβήσεταί σοι τῶν ἐναντίων. Οὕτως τοίνυν ποιοῦντός σου καὶ θαυμάσονται καὶ πτοηθήσονταί σου οἱ πολέμιοι καὶ οὐκ ἀδεῶς θαρρήσουσιν ἐξέρχεσθαι τοῦ φοσσάτου αὐτῶν· κἀντεῦθεν ἀνάγκη τούτους τροφῶν ὑστερουμένους πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν παλινοστῆσαι χώραν. 23.τ Περὶ τῆς ὑποστροφῆς τῶν πολεμίων καὶ τῆς κατασχέσεως τῆς κλεισούρασ 23.1 Ὑποστρεφόντων δὲ τῶν πολεμίων καὶ τὴν ἰδίαν ἐπειγομένων καταλήψεσθαι δέον τὰς πεζικὰς δυνάμεις πρὸς τὰς κλεισούρας προαποστεῖλαι καὶ τὰς ὁδούς, δι' ὧν μέλλουσι διελθεῖν, κατασχεῖν. ∆ι' οἵας γὰρ ὁδοῦ διελθεῖν βουληθῶσιν, ἀπό τε τῶν ἐν Σελευκίᾳ κλεισουρῶν καὶ τοῦ τῶν Ἀνατολικῶν θέματος, καθὰ τὰ Ταυρικὰ ὄρη τήν τε Κιλικίαν διορίζουσι Καππαδοκίαν τε καὶ Λυκανδόν, πρὸς τούτοις καὶ τὰ παρακείμενα Γερμανίκειάν τε καὶ Ἀδατᾶν καὶ τὸ Καησοῦν καὶ τοῦ ∆αουθᾶ, Μελιτήνην τε καὶ τὰ Καλούδια, καὶ τὰ πέραθεν τοῦ Εὐφράτου ποταμοῦ διορίζοντα τήν τε τοῦ Χανζῆτι λεγομένην χώραν καὶ τὴν πολεμίαν ἄχρι Ῥωμανουπόλεως, ἐν ὅλοις τοῖς τοιούτοις θέμασι, δι' οἵας ἂν ὁδοῦ ὑποστρέφοντες διελθεῖν πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν βουληθῶσιν, ἀδιστάκτως τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ βοηθείᾳ τὸν κατ' αὐτῶν ἐπείχθητι διαθέσθαι πόλεμον καὶ τὴν νικῶσαν εὑρήσεις τῇ