Chap. xxiii.—of the ages of vain superstitions, and the times at which they commenced.

Now, since we have ascertained the origin of vain superstitions, it remains that we should also collect the times during which they whose memory is honoured lived. Theophilus,88    Theophilus was bishop of Antioch in the latter part of the second century. He was originally a heathen, and was converted to Christianity, as he tells us, by the reading of the Scriptures. [See vol. ii. pp. 87 and 120, this series.]   in his book written to Autolycus respecting the times,89    De Temporibus. Among the extant works of Theophilus there is not any with this title, but his work to Autolycus contains an apology for Christianity in three books. It is to this that Lactantius here refers.   says that Thallus relates in his history, that Belus, who is worshipped by the Babylonians and Assyrians, is found to have lived 322 years before the Trojan war; that Belus, moreover, was contemporary with Saturnus, and that they both grew up at one time;—which is so true, that it may be inferred by reason itself. For Agamemnon, who carried on the Trojan war, was the fourth90    Abnepos, son of a great-grandchild.   in descent from Jupiter; and Achilles and Ajax were of the third91    Pronepotes, great-grandsons.   descent from him; and Ulysses was related in the same degree. Priam, indeed, was distant by a long series of descents. But according to some authorities, Dardanus and Iasius were sons of Coritus, not of Jupiter. For if it had been so, Jupiter could not have formed that unchaste connection with Ganymede, his own descendant. Therefore, if you divide the years which are in agreement, the number will be found in harmony with the parents of those whom I have named above. Now, from the destruction of the Trojan city fourteen hundred and seventy years are made up. From this calculation of times, it is manifest that Saturnus has not been born more than eighteen hundred years, and he also was the father of all the gods. Let them not glory, then, in the antiquity of their sacred rites, since both their origin and system and times have been ascertained. There still remain some things which may be of great weight for the disproving of false religions; but I have determined now to bring this book to an end, that it may not exceed moderate limits. For those things must be followed up more fully, that, having refuted all things which seem to oppose the truth, we may be able to instruct in true religion men who, through ignorance of good things, wander in uncertainty. But the first step towards wisdom is to understand what is false; the second, to ascertain what is true. Therefore he who shall have profited by this first discussion of mine, in which we have exposed false things, will be excited to the knowledge of the truth, than which no pleasure is more gratifying to man; and he will now be worthy of the wisdom of heavenly training, who shall approach with willingness and preparation to the knowledge of the other subjects.  

CAPUT. XXIII. De vanarum superstitionum aetatibus, et quibus coeperint temporibus.

Nunc quoniam vanarum superstitionum originem deprehendimus, superest ut etiam tempora colligamus, per quae fuerint illi quorum memoria colitur. Theophilus in libro de Temporibus ad Autolicum 0250B scripto ait, in historia sua Thallum dicere, quod Belus, quem Babylonii et Assyrii colunt, antiquior trojano bello fuisse invenitur trecentis viginti duobus 0251A annis: Belum autem Saturno aequalem fuisse, et utrumque uno tempore adolevisse. Quod adeo verum est, ut ratione ipsa colligi possit. Nam et Agamemnon, qui gessit bellum Troicum, Jovis abnepos fuit, et Achilles Ajaxque pronepotes, et Ulysses eodem gradu proximus fuit; Priamus quidem longa serie. Sed auctores quidam tradunt, Dardanum et Jasium Coriti filios fuisse, non Jovis. Nec enim, si ita fuisset, ad usus impudicos Ganymedem pronepotem suum habere potuisset. Itaque 0251A parentibus illorum, quos supra nominavi, si congruentes annos dividas, numerus consentiet. Ab excidio autem Trojanae urbis colliguntur anni MCCCCLXX. Ex hac temporum ratione manifestum est, ante annos non amplius quam MDCCC natum esse Saturnum, qui et sator omnium 0252A deorum fuit. Non ergo isti glorientur sacrorum vetustate, quorum et origo, et ratio, et tempora deprehensa sunt. Restant adhuc aliqua, quae ad arguendas religiones falsas plurimum valent. Sed jam finem facere libro decrevi, ne modum excedat. Ea enim plenius sunt exequenda, ut omnibus refutatis, quae veritati videntur obstare, homines, qui bonorum ignorantia vagantur incerti, ad religionem veram possimus imbuere. Primus autem sapientiae gradus est, falsa intelligere; secundus, vera cognoscere. Ergo apud quem haec prima institutio nostra profecerit, qua falsa deteximus, excitabitur ad veri cognitionem, qua nulla est homini jucundior voluptas; et erit jam sapientia coelestis disciplinae dignus, qui ad cognoscenda caetera libens ac paratus accesserit.