Chapter XXV.—Texts Explained; Ninthly, John x. 30; xvii. 11, &c. Arian explanation, that the Son is one with the Father in will and judgment; but so are all good men, nay things inanimate; contrast of the Son. Oneness between Them is in nature, because oneness in operation. Angels not objects of prayer, because they do not work together with God, but the Son; texts quoted. Seeing an Angel, is not seeing God. Arians in fact hold two Gods, and tend to Gentile polytheism. Arian explanation that the Father and Son are one as we are one with Christ, is put aside by the Regula Fidei, and shewn invalid by the usage of Scripture in illustrations; the true force of the comparison; force of the terms used. Force of ‘in us;’ force of ‘as;’ confirmed by S. John. In what sense we are ‘in God’ and His ‘sons.’

10. However here too they introduce their private fictions, and contend that the Son and the Father are not in such wise ‘one,’ or ‘like,’ as the Church preaches, but, as they themselves would have it1045    Supr. de Decr. 6. The question was, What was that sense of Son which would apply to the Divine Nature? The Catholics said that its essential meaning could apply, viz. consubstantiality, whereas the point of posteriority to the Father depended on a condition, time, which could not exist in the instance of God. ib. 10. The Arians on the other hand said, that to suppose a true Son, was to think of God irreverently, as implying division, change, &c. The Catholics replied that the notion of materiality was quite as foreign from the Divine Essence as time, and as the Divine Sonship was eternal, so was it also clear both of imperfection or extension.    ὡς αὐτοὶ θέλουσι. vid. §8, n. 12. ‘not as you say, but as we will.’ This is a common phrase with Athan. vid. supr. Or. i. 13, n. 6. and especially Hist. Ar. 52, n. 4. (vid. also Sent. Dion. 4, 14). It is here contrasted to the Church’s doctrine, and connected with the word ἴδιος· for which de Syn. 3, n. 6; Or. i. 37, n. 1. Vid. also Letter 54. fin. Also contr. Apoll. ii. 5 init. in contrast with the εὐαγγελικὸς ὅρος.. For they say, since what the Father wills, the Son wills also, and is not contrary either in what He thinks or in what He judges, but is in all respects concordant1046    It is from expressions such as this that the Greek Fathers have been accused of tritheism. The truth is, every illustration, as being incomplete on one or other side of it, taken by itself, tends to heresy. The title Son by itself suggests a second God, as the title Word a mere attribute, and the title Instrument a creature. All heresies are partial views of the truth, and are wrong, not so much in what they say, as in what they deny. The truth, on the other hand, is a positive and comprehensive doctrine, and in consequence necessarily mysterious and open to misconception. vid. de Syn. 41, note 1. When Athan, implies that the Eternal Father is in the Son, though remaining what He is, as a man in his child, he is intent only upon the point of the Son’s connaturality and equality, which the Arians denied. Cf. Orat. iii. §5; Ps.-Ath. Dial. i. (Migne xxviii. 1144 C.). S. Cyril even seems to deny that each individual man may be considered a separate substance except as the Three Persons are such (Dial. i. p. 409); and S. Gregory Nyssen is led to say that, strictly speaking, the abstract man, which is predicated of separate individuals, is still one, and this with a view of illustrating the Divine Unity. ad Ablab. t. 2. p. 449. vid. Petav. de Trin. iv. 9.    σύμφωνος. vid. infr. 23, de Syn. 48, and 53, n. 9. the Arian συμφωνία is touched on de Syn. 23, n. 3. Besides Origen, Novatian, the Creed of Lucian, and (if so) S. Hilary, as mentioned in the former of these notes, ‘one’ is explained as oneness of will by S. Hippolytus, contr. Noet. 7, where he explains John x. 30. by xvii. 22. like the Arians; and, as might be expected, by Eusebius Eccl. Theol. iii. p. 193. and by Asterius ap. Euseb. contr. Marc. pp. 28, 37. The passages of the Fathers in which this text is adduced are collected by Maldonat. in loc. with Him, declaring doctrines which are the same, and a word consistent and united with the Father’s teaching, therefore it is that He and the Father are One; and some of them have dared to write as well as say this1047    [But see Or. iii. 65, note 2.]    Asterius, §2, init.. Now what can be more unseemly or irrational than this? for if therefore the Son and the Father are One and if in this way the Word is like the Father, it follows forthwith1048    S. Athanasius’s doctrine is, that, God containing in Himself all perfection, whatever is excellent in one created thing above another, is found in its perfection in Him. If then such generation as radiance from light is more perfect than that of children from parents, that belongs, and transcendently, to the All-perfect God.    ὥρα. vid. de Syn. 34, n. 4. also Orat. ii. 6, b. iv. 19, c. d. Euseb. contr. Marc. p. 47, b. p. 91, b. Cyril. Dial. p. 456. Thesaur. p. 255 fin. that the Angels1049    This is a view familiar to the Fathers, viz. that in this consists our Lord’s Sonship, that He is the Word, or as S. Augustine says, Christum ideo Filium quia Verbum. Aug. Ep. 120. 11. Cf. de Decr. §17. ‘If I speak of Wisdom, I speak of His offspring;’ Theoph. ad Autolyc. i. 3. ‘The Word, the genuine Son of Mind;’ Clem. Protrept. p. 58. Petavius discusses this subject accurately with reference to the distinction between Divine Generation and Divine Procession. de Trin. vii. 14.    This argument is found de Syn. 48. vid. also Cyril. de Trin. i. p. 407. too, and the other beings above us, Powers and Authorities, and Thrones and Dominions, and what we see, Sun and Moon, and the Stars, should be sons also, as the Son; and that it should be said of them too, that they and the Father are one, and that each is God’s Image and Word. For what God wills, that will they; and neither in judging nor in doctrine are they discordant, but in all things are obedient to their Maker. For they would not have remained in their own glory, unless, what the Father willed, that they had willed also. He, for instance, who did not remain, but went astray, heard the words, ‘How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning1050    Orat. iii. 67.    Is. xiv. 12.?’ But if this be so, how is only He Only-begotten Son and Word and Wisdom? or how, whereas so many are like the Father, is He only an Image? for among men too will be found many like the Father, numbers, for instance, of martyrs, and before them the Apostles and Prophets, and again before them the Patriarchs. And many now too keep the Saviour’s command, being merciful ‘as their Father which is in heaven1051    Heretics have frequently assigned reverence as the cause of their opposition to the Church; and if even Arius affected it, the plea may be expected in any other. ‘O stultos et impios metus,’ says S. Hilary, ‘et irreligiosam de Deo sollicitudinem.’ de Trin. iv. 6. It was still more commonly professed in regard to the Catholic doctrine of the Incarnation. Cf. Acta Archelai [Routh. Rell. v. 169]. August. contr. Secund. 9, contr. Faust. xi. 3. As the Manichees denied our Lord a body, so the Apollinarians denied Him a rational soul, still under pretence of reverence because, as they said, the soul was necessarily sinful. Leontius makes this their main argument, ὁ νοῦς ἁμαρτητικός ἐστι. de Sect. iv. p. 507. vid. also Greg. Naz. Ep. 101. ad Cledon. p. 89; Athan. in Apoll. i. 2. 14. Epiph. Ancor. 79. 80. Athan., &c., call the Apollinarian doctrine Manichæan in consequence. vid. in Apoll. ii. 8. 9. &c. Again, the Eranistes in Theodoret, who advocates a similar doctrine, will not call our Lord man. Eranist. ii. p. 83. Eutyches, on the other hand, would call our Lord man, but refused to admit His human nature, and still with the same profession. Leon. Ep. 21. 1 fin. ‘Forbid it,’ he says at Constantinople, ‘that I should say that the Christ was of two natures, or should discuss the nature, φυσιολογεῖν, of my God.’ Concil. t. 2. p. 157 [Act. prima conc. Chalc. t. iv. 1001 ed. Col.] A modern argument for Universal Restitution takes a like form; ‘Do not we shrink from the notion of another’s being sentenced to eternal punishment; and are we more merciful than God?’ vid. Matt. xvi. 22, 23.    Luke vi. 36 (cf. Tisch. in loc.),’ and observing the exhortation, ‘Be ye therefore followers of God as dear children, and walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us1052    Vid. Orat. iii. §59, &c.    Eph. v. 1, 2.;’ many too have become followers of Paul as he also of Christ1053    Rom. xi. 34; ib. ix. 20.    1 Cor. xi. 1.. And yet no one of these is Word or Wisdom or Only-begotten Son or Image; nor did any one of them make bold to say, ‘I and the Father are One,’ or, ‘I in the Father, and the Father in Me1054    Athan.’s argument is as follows: that, as it is of the essence of a son to be ‘connatural’ with the father, so is it of the essence of a creature to be of ‘nothing,’ ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων; therefore, while it was not impossible ‘from the nature of the case,’ for Almighty God to be always Father, it was impossible for the same reason that He should be always a Creator. vid. infr. §58: where he takes, ‘They shall perish,’ in the Psalm, not as a fact but as the definition of the nature of a creature. Also ii. §1, where he says, ‘It is proper to creatures and works to have said of them, ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων and οὐκ ἦν πρὶν γεννηθῇ.’ vid. Cyril. Thesaur. 9. p. 67. Dial. ii. p. 460. on the question of being a Creator in posse, vid. supra, Ep. Eus. 11 note 3.    John x. 30; xiv. 10.;’ but it is said of all of them, ‘Who is like unto Thee among the gods, O Lord? and who shall be likened to the Lord among the sons of Gods1055    Vid. Ps. lxxxvi. 8; lxxxix. 6.?’ and of Him on the contrary that He only is Image true and natural of the Father. For though we have been made after the Image1056    Aug. de Trin. vii. fin., and called both image and glory of God, yet not on our own account still, but for that Image and true Glory of God inhabiting us, which is His Word, who was for us afterwards made flesh, have we this grace of our designation.

11. This their notion then being evidently unseemly and irrational as well as the rest, the likeness and the oneness must be referred to the very Essence of the Son; for unless it be so taken, He will not be shown to have anything beyond things originate, as has been said, nor will He be like the Father, but He will be like the Father’s doctrines; and He differs from the Father, in that the Father is Father1057    Cf. Serap. i. 16. de Syn. 51. and infr. §19, note. And so S. Cyril, cf. Or. i. 21–24, de Decr. 11, n. 6, Thesaur. p. 133, Naz. Orat. 29, 5. vid. also 23, 6 fin. 25, 16. vid. also the whole of Basil, adv. Eun. ii. 23. ‘One must not say,’ he observes, ‘that these names properly and primarily, κυρίως καὶ πρώτως belong to men, and are given by us but by a figure καταχρηστικῶς (ii. 39, n. 7) to God. For our Lord Jesus Christ, referring us back to the Origin of all and True Cause of beings says, “Call no one your father upon earth, for One is your Father, which is in heaven.”’ He adds, that if He is properly and not metaphorically even our Father (de Decr. 31, n. 5), much more is He the πατὴρ τοῦ κατὰ φύσιν υἱοῦ. Vid. also Euseb. contr. Marc. p. 22, c. Eccl. Theol. i. 12. fin. ii. 6. Marcellus, on the other hand, said that our Lord was κυρίως λόγος, not κυρίως υἱ& 231·ς. ibid. ii. 10 fin. vid. supr. ii. 19, note 3., but the doctrines and teaching are the Father’s. If then in respect to the doctrines and the teaching the Son is like the Father, then the Father according to them will be Father in name only, and the Son will not be an exact Image, or rather will be seen to have no propriety at all or likeness of the Father; for what likeness or propriety has he who is so utterly different from the Father? for Paul taught like the Saviour, yet was not like ‘Him in essence1058    κατ᾽ οὐσίαν ὅμοιος, Or. i. 21, n. 8..’ Having then such notions, they speak falsely; whereas the Son and the Father are one in such wise as has been said, and in such wise is the Son like the Father Himself and from Him, as we may see and understand son to be towards father, and as we may see the radiance towards the sun. Such then being the Son, therefore when the Son works, the Father is the Worker1059    Supr. §6., and the Son coming to the Saints, the Father is He who cometh in the Son1060    And so ἐργαζομένου τοῦ πατρὸς, ἐργάζεσθαι καὶ τὸν υἱ& 231·ν. In illud Omn. 1, d. Cum luce nobis prodeat, In Patre totus Filius, et totus in Verbo Pater. Hymn. Brev. in fer. 2. Ath. argues from this oneness of operation the oneness of substance. And thus S. Chrysostom on the text under review argues that if the Father and Son are one κατὰ τὴν δύναμιν, they are one also in οὐσία. in Joan. Hom. 61, 2, d. Tertullian in Prax. 22. and S. Epiphanius, Hær. 57. p. 488. seem to say the same on the same text. vid. Lampe in loc. And so S. Athan. τριὰς ἀδιαίρετος τῇ φύσει, καὶ μία ταύτης ἡ ἐνέργεια. Serap. i. 28, f. ἓν θέλημα πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ καὶ βούλημα, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἡ φύσις μία. In illud Omn. 5. Various passages of the Fathers to the same effect (e.g. of S. Ambrose, si unius voluntatis et operationis, unius est essentiæ, de Sp. ii. 12. fin. and of S. Basil, ὦν μία ἐνέργεια, τούτων καὶ οὐσία μία, of Greg. Nyss. and Cyril. Alex.) are brought together in the Lateran Council. Concil. Hard. t. 3, p. 859, &c. The subject is treated at length by Petavius Trin. iv. 15., as He promised when He said, ‘I and My Father will come, and will make Our abode with him1061    John xiv. 23.;’ for in the Image is contemplated the Father, and in the Radiance is the Light. Therefore also, as we said just now, when the Father gives grace and peace, the Son also gives it, as Paul signifies in every Epistle, writing, ‘Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.’ For one and the same grace is from the Father in the Son, as the light of the sun and of the radiance is one, and as the sun’s illumination is effected through the radiance; and so too when he prays for the Thessalonians, in saying, ‘Now God Himself even our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ, may He direct our way unto you1062    1 Thess. iii. 11.,’ he has guarded the unity of the Father and of the Son. For he has not said, ‘May they direct,’ as if a double grace were given from two Sources, This and That, but ‘May He direct,’ to shew that the Father gives it through the Son;—at which these irreligious ones will not blush, though they well might.

12. For if there were no unity, nor the Word the own Offspring of the Father’s Essence, as the radiance of the light, but the Son were divided in nature from the Father, it were sufficient that the Father alone should give, since none of originate things is a partner with his Maker in His givings; but, as it is, such a mode of giving shews the oneness of the Father and the Son. No one, for instance, would pray to receive from God and the Angels1063    Vid. Basil de Sp. S. c. 13. Chrysostom on Col. 2. And Theodoret on Col. iii. 17. says, ‘Following this rule, the Synod of Laodicea, with a view to cure this ancient disorder, passed a decree against the praying to Angels, and leaving our Lord Jesus Christ.’ ‘All supplication, prayer, intercession, and thanksgiving is to be addressed to the Supreme God, through the High Priest who is above all Angels, the Living Word and God.…But angels we may not fitly call upon, since we have not obtained a knowledge of them which is above men.’ Origen contr. Cels. v. 4, 5. vid. also for similar statements Voss. de Idololatr. i. 9. The doctrine of the Gnostics, who worshipped Angels, is referred to supr. Orat. i. 56, fin. note 1., or from any other creature, nor would any one say, ‘May God and the Angel give thee;’ but from Father and the Son, because of Their oneness and the oneness of Their giving. For through the Son is given what is given; and there is nothing but the Father operates it through the Son; for thus is grace secure to him who receives it. And if the Patriarch Jacob, blessing his grandchildren Ephraim and Manasses, said, ‘God which fed me all my life long unto this day, the Angel which delivered me from all evil, bless the lads1064    Gen. xlviii. 15, 16. vid. Serap. i. 14. And on the doctrine vid. de Syn. 27 (15, 16). Infr. §14, he shews that his doctrine, when fully explained, does not differ from S. Augustine, for he says, ‘what was seen was an Angel, but God spoke in him,’ i.e. sometimes the Son is called an Angel, but when an Angel was seen, it was not the Son; and if he called himself God, it was not he who spoke, but the Son was the unseen speaker. vid. Benedictine Monitum in Hil. Trin. iv. For passages vid. Tertull. de Præscr. p. 447, note f. Oxf. Transl.,’ yet none of created and natural Angels did he join to God their Creator, nor rejecting God that fed him, did he from Angel ask the blessing on his grandsons; but in saying, ‘Who delivered me from all evil,’ he shewed that it was no created Angel, but the Word of God, whom he joined to the Father in his prayer, through whom, whomsoever He will, God doth deliver. For knowing that He is also called the Father’s ‘Angel of great Counsel1065    Is. ix. 6, LXX.,’ he said that none other than He was the Giver of blessing, and Deliverer from evil. Nor was it that he desired a blessing for himself from God but for his grandchildren from the Angel, but whom He Himself had besought saying, ‘I will not let Thee go except Thou bless me1066    Gen. xxxii. 26, 30.’ (for that was God, as he says himself, ‘I have seen God face to face’), Him he prayed to bless also the sons of Joseph. It is proper then to an Angel to minister at the command of God, and often does he go forth to cast out the Amorite, and is sent to guard the people in the way; but these are not his doings, but of God who commanded and sent him, whose also it is to deliver, whom He will deliver. Therefore it was no other than the Lord God Himself whom he had seen, who said to him, ‘And behold I am with thee, to guard thee in all the way whither thou1067    Gen. xxviii. 15, LXX. goest;’ and it was no other than God whom he had seen, who kept Laban from his treachery, ordering him not to speak evil words to Jacob; and none other than God did he himself beseech, saying, ‘Rescue me from the hand of my brother Esau, for I fear him1068    Ib. xxxi. 7; xxxii. 11.;’ for in conversation too with his wives he said, ‘God hath not suffered Laban to injure me.’

13. Therefore it was none other than God Himself that David too besought concerning his deliverance, ‘When I was in trouble, I called upon the Lord, and He heard me; deliver my soul, O Lord, from lying lips and from a deceitful tongue1069    Ps. cxx. 1, 2..’ To Him also giving thanks he spoke the words of the Song in the seventeenth Psalm, in the day in which the Lord delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul, saying, ‘I will love Thee, O Lord my strength; the Lord is my strong rock and my defence and deliverer1070    Ps. xviii. 1, 2..’ And Paul, after enduring many persecutions, to none other than God gave thanks, saying, ‘Out of them all the Lord delivered me; and He will deliver in Whom we trust1071    Vid. 2 Tim. iii. 11; 2 Cor. i. 10..’ And none other than God blessed Abraham and Isaac; and Isaac praying for Jacob, said, ‘May God bless thee and increase thee and multiply thee, and thou shalt be for many companies of nations, and may He give thee the blessing of Abraham my father1072    Gen. xxviii. 3, 4, LXX..’ But if it belong to none other than God to bless and to deliver, and none other was the deliverer of Jacob than the Lord Himself and Him that delivered him the Patriarch besought for his grandsons, evidently none other did he join to God in his prayer, than God’s Word, whom therefore he called Angel, because it is He alone who reveals the Father. Which the Apostle also did when he said, ‘Grace unto you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ1073    Rom. i. 7, &c..’ For thus the blessing was secure, because of the Son’s indivisibility from the Father, and for that the grace given by Them is one and the same. For though the Father gives it, through the Son is the gift; and though the Son be said to vouchsafe it, it is the Father who supplies it through and in the Son; for ‘I thank my God,’ says the Apostle writing to the Corinthians, ‘always on your behalf, for the grace of God which is given you in Christ Jesus1074    1 Cor. i. 4..’ And this one may see in the instance of light and radiance; for what the light enlightens, that the radiance irradiates; and what the radiance irradiates, from the light is its enlightenment. So also when the Son is beheld, so is the Father, for He is the Father’s radiance; and thus the Father and the Son are one.

14. But this is not so with things originate and creatures; for when the Father works, it is not that any Angel works, or any other creature; for none of these is an efficient cause1075    Or. ii. 21, n. 2., but they are of things which come to be; and moreover being separate and divided from the only God, and other in nature, and being works, they can neither work what God works, nor, as I said before, when God gives grace, can they give grace with Him. Nor, on seeing an Angel would a man say that he had seen the Father; for Angels, as it is written, are ‘ministering spirits sent forth to minister1076    Heb. i. 14.,’ and are heralds of gifts given by Him through the Word to those who receive them. And the Angel on his appearance, himself confesses that he has been sent by his Lord; as Gabriel confessed in the case of Zacharias, and also in the case of Mary, bearer of God1077    τῆς θεοτόκου Μαρίας. [Prolegg. ch. iv. §5.] vid. also infr. 29, 33. Orat. iv. 32. Incarn. c. Ar. 8, 22. supr. Or. i. 45, n. 3. As to the history of this title, Theodoret, who from his party would rather be disinclined towards it, says that the most ancient (τῶν πάλαι καὶ πρόπαλαι) heralds of the orthodox faith taught to name and believe the Mother of the Lord θεοτόκον, according to ‘the Apostolical tradition.’ Hær. iv. 12. And John of Antioch, whose championship of Nestorius and quarrel with S. Cyril are well known, writes to the former. ‘This title no ecclesiastical teacher has put aside; those who have used it are many and eminent, and those who have not used it have not attacked those who used it.’ Concil. Eph. part i. c. 25 (Labb.). Socrates Hist. vii. 32. says that Origen, in the first tome of his Comment on the Romans (vid. de la Rue in Rom. lib. i. 5. the original is lost), treated largely of the word; which implies that it was already in use. ‘Interpreting,’ he says, ‘how θεοτόκος is used, he discussed the question at length.’ Constantine implies the same in a passage which divines, e.g. Pearson (On the Creed, notes on Art. 3.), have not dwelt upon (or rather have apparently overlooked, in arguing from Ephrem. ap. Phot. Cod. 228, p. 776. that the literal phrase ‘Mother of God’ originated in S. Leo). [See vol. 1, p. 569 of this Series.]. And he who beholds a vision of Angels, knows that he has seen the Angel and not God. For Zacharias saw an Angel; and Isaiah saw the Lord. Manoah, the father of Samson, saw an Angel; but Moses beheld God. Gideon saw an Angel, but to Abraham appeared God. And neither he who saw God, beheld an Angel, nor he who saw an Angel, considered that he saw God; for greatly, or rather wholly, do things by nature originate differ from God the Creator. But if at any time, when the Angel was seen, he who saw it heard God’s voice, as took place at the bush; for ‘the Angel of the Lord was seen in a flame of fire out of the bush, and the Lord called Moses out of the bush, saying, I am the God of thy father, the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob1078    Vid. Ex. iii. 2–6.,’ yet was not the Angel the God of Abraham, but in the Angel God spoke. And what was seen was an Angel; but God spoke in him1079    §12, note 2.. For as He spoke to Moses in the pillar of a cloud in the tabernacle, so also God appears and speaks in Angels. So again to the son of Nun He spake by an Angel. But what God speaks, it is very plain He speaks through the Word, and not through another. And the Word, as being not separate from the Father, nor unlike and foreign to the Father’s Essence, what He works, those are the Father’s works, and His framing of all things is one with His; and what the Son gives, that is the Father’s gift. And he who hath seen the Son, knows that, in seeing Him, he has seen, not Angel, nor one merely greater than Angels, nor in short any creature, but the Father Himself. And he who hears the Word, knows that he hears the Father; as he who is irradiated by the radiance, knows that he is enlightened by the sun.

15. For divine Scripture wishing us thus to understand the matter, has given such illustrations, as we have said above, from which we are able both to press the traitorous Jews, and to refute the allegation of Gentiles who maintain and think, on account of the Trinity, that we profess many gods1080    Serap. i. 28 fin. Naz. Orat. 23, 8. Basil. Hom. 24 init. Nyssen. Orat. Catech. 3. p. 481.. For, as the illustration shows, we do not introduce three Origins or three Fathers, as the followers of Marcion and Manichæus; since we have not suggested the image of three suns, but sun and radiance. And one is the light from the sun in the radiance; and so we know of but one origin; and the All-framing Word we profess to have no other manner of godhead, than that of the Only God, because He is born from Him. Rather then will the Ario-maniacs with reason incur the charge of polytheism or else of atheism1081    Infr. §64. Ep. Æg. 14., because they idly talk of the Son as external and a creature, and again the Spirit as from nothing. For either they will say that the Word is not God; or saying that He is God1082    Infr. §16, notes., because it is so written, but not proper to the Father’s Essence, they will introduce many because of their difference of kind (unless forsooth they shall dare to say that by participation only, He, as all things else, is called God; though, if this be their sentiment, their irreligion is the same, since they consider the Word as one among all things). But let this never even come into our mind. For there is but one form1083    εἶδος. of Godhead, which is also in the Word; and one God, the Father, existing by Himself according as He is above all, and appearing in the Son according as He pervades all things, and in the Spirit according as in Him He acts in all things through the Word1084    And so infr. 25, 36 fin. Serap. i. 20, b. vid. also ibid. 28, f. a. 30, a. 31, d. iii. 1, b. 5 init. et fin. Eulogius ap. Phot. cod. p. 865. Damascen. F. O. i. 7. Basil de Sp. S. 47, e. Cyr. Cat. xvi. 4. ibid. 24. Pseudo-Dion. de Div. Nom. i. p. 403. Pseudo-Athan. c. Sab. Greg. 10, e.. For thus we confess God to be one through the Triad, and we say that it is much more religious than the godhead of the heretics with its many kinds1085    πολυειδοῦς, and many parts, to entertain a belief of the One Godhead in a Triad.

16. For if it be not so, but the Word is a creature and a work out of nothing, either He is not True God because He is Himself one of the creatures, or if they name Him God from regard for the Scriptures, they must of necessity say that there are two Gods1086    Vid. p. 75, note 7; de Syn. 27 (2), and 50, note 5. The Arians were in the dilemma of holding two gods or worshipping the creature, unless they denied to our Lord both divinity and worship. vid. de Decr. 6, note 5, Or. i. 30, n. 1. But ‘every substance,’ says S. Austin, ‘which is not God, is a creature, and which is not a creature, is God.’ de Trin. i. 6. And so S. Cyril in Joan. p. 52. vid. also Naz. Orat. 31, 6. Basil. contr. Eunom. ii. 31., one Creator, the other creature, and must serve two Lords, one Unoriginate, and the other originate and a creature; and must have two faiths, one in the True God, and the other in one who is made and fashioned by themselves and called God. And it follows of necessity in so great blindness, that, when they worship the Unoriginate, they renounce the originate, and when they come to the creature, they turn from the Creator. For they cannot see the One in the Other, because their natures and operations are foreign and distinct1087    §11, n. 4.. And with such sentiments, they will certainly be going on to more gods, for this will be the essay1088    ἐπιχείρημα, de Decr. 1, note. of those who revolt from the One God. Wherefore then, when the Arians have these speculations and views, do they not rank themselves with the Gentiles? for they too, as these, worship the creature rather than God the Creator of all1089    Vid. supr. ii. 14, n. 7. Petavius gives a large collection of passages, de Trin. ii. 12. §5. from the Fathers in proof of the worship of Our Lord evidencing His Godhead. On the Arians as idolaters vid. supr. Or. i. 8, n. 8. also Ep. Æg. 4, 13. and Adelph. 3 init. Serap. i. 29, d. Theodoret in Rom. i. 25., and though they shrink from the Gentile name, in order to deceive the unskilful, yet they secretly hold a like sentiment with them. For their subtle saying which they are accustomed to urge, We say not two ‘Unoriginates1090    Or. i. 30, n. 1.,’ they plainly say to deceive the simple; for in their very professing ‘We say not two Unoriginates,’ they imply two Gods, and these with different natures, one originate and one Unoriginate. And though the Greeks worship one Unoriginate and many originate, but these one Unoriginate and one originate, this is no difference from them; for the God whom they call originate is one out of many, and again the many gods of the Greeks have the same nature with this one, for both he and they are creatures. Unhappy are they, and the more for that their hurt is from thinking against Christ; for they have fallen from the truth, and are greater traitors than the Jews in denying the Christ, and they wallow1091    συγκυλίονται, vid. Orat. i. 23. ii. 1 init.; Decr. 9 fin.; Gent. 19, c. cf. 2 Pet. ii. 22. with the Gentiles, hateful1092    θεοστυγεῖς, infr. Letter 54. 1 fin. as they are to God, worshipping the creature and many deities. For there is One God, and not many, and One is His Word, and not many; for the Word is God, and He alone has the Form1093    εἶδος· also in Gen. xxxii. 30, 31. Sept. [a substitute for Heb. ‘face.’] vid. Justin Tryph. 126. and supr. de Syn. 56, n. 6. for the meaning of the word. It was just now used for ‘kind.’ Athan. says, de Syn. ubi supr. ‘there is but one form of Godhead;’ yet the word is used of the Son as synonymous with ‘image.’ It would seem as if there are a certain class of words, all expressive of the One Divine Substance, which admit of more appropriate application either ordinarily or under circumstances, to This or That Divine Person who is also that One Substance. Thus ‘Being’ is more descriptive of the Father as the πηγὴ θεότητος, and He is said to be ‘the Being of the Son;’ yet the Son is really the One Supreme Being also. On the other hand the words μορφὴ and εἶδος [on them see Lightfoot, Philipp. p. 128] are rather descriptive of the Divine Substance in the Person of the Son, and He is called ‘the form of the Father,’ yet there is but one Form and Face of Divinity, who is at once Each of Three Persons; while ‘Spirit’ is appropriated to the Third Person, though God is a Spirit. Thus again S. Hippolytus says ἐκ [τοῦ πατρὸς] δύναμις λόγος, yet shortly before, after mentioning the Two Persons, he adds, δύναμιν δὲ μίαν, contr. Noet. 7 and 11. And thus the word ‘Subsistence,’ ὑπόστασις, which expresses the One Divine Substance, has been found more appropriate to express that Substance viewed personally. Other words may be used correlatively of either Father or Son; thus the Father is the Life of the Son, the Son the Life of the Father; or, again, the Father is in the Son and the Son in the Father. Others in common, as ‘the Father’s Godhead is the Son’s,’ ἡ πατρικὴ υἱοῦ θεότης, as indeed the word οὐσία itself. Other words on the contrary express the Substance in This or That Person only, as ‘Word,’ ‘Image,’ &c. of the Father. Being then such, the Saviour Himself troubled the Jews with these words, ‘The Father Himself which hath sent Me, hath borne witness of Me; ye have neither heard His voice at any time nor seen His Form; and ye have not His Word abiding in you; for whom He hath sent, Him ye believe not1094    John v. 37..’ Suitably has He joined the ‘Word’ to the ‘Form,’ to shew that the Word of God is Himself Image and Expression and Form of His Father; and that the Jews who did not receive Him who spoke to them, thereby did not receive the Word, which is the Form of God. This too it was that the Patriarch Jacob having seen, received a blessing from Him and the name of Israel instead of Jacob, as divine Scripture witnesses, saying, ‘And as he passed by the Form of God, the Sun rose upon him1095    Gen. xxxii. 31, LXX..’ And This it was who said, ‘He that hath seen Me hath seen the Father,’ and, ‘I in the Father and the Father in Me,’ and, ‘I and the Father are one1096    John xiv. 9, 10; x. 30.;’ for thus God is One, and one the faith in the Father and Son; for, though the Word be God, the Lord our God is one Lord; for the Son is proper to that One, and inseparable according to the propriety and peculiarity of His Essence.

17. The Arians, however, not even thus abashed, reply, ‘Not as you say, but as we will1097    §10, n. 1.;’ for, whereas you have overthrown our former expedients, we have invented a new one, and it is this:—So are the Son and the Father One, and so is the Father in the Son and the Son in the Father, as we too may become one in Him. For this is written in the Gospel according to John, and Christ desired it for us in these words, ‘Holy Father, keep through Thine own Name, those whom Thou hast given Me, that they may be one, as We are1098    John xvii. 11..’ And shortly after; ‘Neither pray I for these alone, but for them also which shall believe on Me through their Word; that they all may be one, as Thou, Father, art in Me, and I in Thee, that they also may be one in Us, that the world may believe that Thou hast sent Me. And the glory which Thou gavest Me I have given them, that they may be one, even as We are one; I in them, and Thou in Me, that they may be made perfect in one, and that the world may know that Thou didst send Me1099    Ib. 20–23..’ Then, as having found an evasion, these men of craft1100    οἱ δόλιοι. crafty as they are, also infr. 59. add, ‘If, as we become one in the Father, so also He and the Father are one, and thus He too is in the Father, how pretend you from His saying, “I and the Father are One,” and “I in the Father and the Father in Me,” that He is proper and like1101    Or. i. 21, n. 8, cf. infr. §67. the Father’s Essence? for it follows either that we too are proper to the Father’s Essence, or He foreign to it, as we are foreign.’ Thus they idly babble; but in this their perverseness I see nothing but unreasoning audacity and recklessness from the devil1102    διαβολικήν vid. §8, n. 10., cf. Isa. xiv. 14., since it is saying after his pattern, ‘We will ascend to heaven, we will be like the Most High.’ For what is given to man by grace, this they would make equal to the Godhead of the Giver. Thus hearing that men are called sons, they thought themselves equal to the True Son by nature such1103    Supr. p. 171, note 5.. And now again hearing from the Saviour, ‘that they may be one as We are1104    John viii. 44.,’ they deceive themselves, and are arrogant enough to think that they may be such as the Son is in the Father and the Father in the Son; not considering the fall of their ‘father the devil1105    ii. 73, n. 7.,’ which happened upon such an imagination.

18. If then, as we have many times said, the Word of God is the same with us, and nothing differs from us except in time, let Him be like us, and have the same place with the Father as we have; nor let Him be called Only-begotten, nor Only Word or Wisdom of the Father; but let the same name be of common application to all us who are like Him. For it is right, that they who have one nature, should have their name in common, though they differ from each other in point of time. For Adam was a man, and Paul a man, and he who is now born is a man, and time is not that which alters the nature of the race1106    De Decr. 10; Or. i. 26, n. 1.. If then the Word also differs from us only in time, then we must be as He. But in truth neither we are Word or Wisdom, nor is He creature or work; else why are we all sprung from one, and He the Only Word? but though it be suitable in them thus to speak, in us at least it is unsuitable to entertain their blasphemies. And yet, needless1107    Cf. Hist. Ar. 80, n. 11. though it be to refine upon1108    περιεργάζεσθαι· vid. Or. ii. 34, n. 5. these passages, considering their so clear and religious sense, and our own orthodox belief, yet that their irreligion may be shewn here also, come let us shortly, as we have received from the fathers, expose their heterodoxy from the passage. It is a custom1109    Orat. ii. 53, n. 4; Orat. iv. 33 init. with divine Scripture to take the things of nature as images and illustrations for mankind; and this it does, that from these physical objects the moral impulses of man may be explained; and thus their conduct shewn to be either bad or righteous. For instance, in the case of the bad, as when it charges, ‘Be ye not like to horse and mule which have no understanding1110    Ps. xxxii. 9; xlix. 20..’ Or as when it says, complaining of those who have become such, ‘Man, being in honour, hath no understanding, but is compared unto the beasts that perish.’ And again, ‘They were as wanton horses1111    Jer. v. 8..’ And the Saviour to expose Herod said, ‘Tell that fox1112    Luke xiii. 32.;’ but, on the other hand, charged His disciples, ‘Behold I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves; be ye therefore wise as serpents and harmless as doves1113    Matt. x. 16..’ And He said this, not that we may become in nature beasts of burden, or become serpents and doves; for He hath not so made us Himself, and therefore nature does not allow of it; but that we might eschew the irrational motions of the one, and being aware of the wisdom of that other animal, might not be deceived by it, and might take on us the meekness of the dove.

19. Again, taking patterns for man from divine subjects, the Saviour says; ‘Be ye merciful, as your Father which is in heaven is merciful1114    Luke vi. 36.;’ and, ‘Be ye perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect1115    Matt. v. 48..’ And He said this too, not that we might become such as the Father; for to become as the Father, is impossible for us creatures, who have been brought to be out of nothing; but as He charged us, ‘Be ye not like to horse,’ not lest we should become as draught animals, but that we should not imitate their want of reason, so, not that we might become as God, did He say, ‘Be ye merciful as your Father,’ but that looking at His beneficent acts, what we do well, we might do, not for men’s sake, but for His sake, so that from Him and not from men we may have the reward. For as, although there be one Son by nature, True and Only-begotten, we too become sons, not as He in nature and truth, but according to the grace of Him that calleth, and though we are men from the earth, are yet called gods1116    θεοί, §§23 end, 25, and ii. 70, n. 1., not as the True God or His Word, but as has pleased God who has given us that grace; so also, as God do we become merciful, not by being made equal to God, nor becoming in nature and truth benefactors (for it is not our gift to benefit but belongs to God), but in order that what has accrued to us from God Himself by grace, these things we may impart to others, without making distinctions, but largely towards all extending our kind service. For only in this way can we anyhow become imitators, and in no other, when we minister to others what comes from Him. And as we put a fair and right1117    ii. 44, n. 1. sense upon these texts, such again is the sense of the lection in John. For he does not say, that, as the Son is in the Father, such we must become:—whence could it be? when He is God’s Word and Wisdom, and we were fashioned out of the earth, and He is by nature and essence Word and true God (for thus speaks John, ‘We know that the Son of God is come, and He hath given us an understanding to know Him that is true, and we are in Him that is true, even in His Son Jesus Christ; this is the true God and eternal life1118    1 John v. 20.’) and we are made sons through Him by adoption and grace, as partaking of His Spirit (for ‘as many as received Him,’ he says, ‘to them gave He power to become children of God, even to them that believe on His Name1119    John i. 12.’), and therefore also He is the Truth (saying, ‘I am the Truth,’ and in His address to His Father, He said, ‘Sanctify them through Thy Truth, Thy Word is Truth1120    Ib. xiv. 6; xvii. 17.’); but we by imitation1121    κατὰ μίμησιν. Clem. Alex. Pædag. i. 3. p. 102. ed. Pott. Naz. Ep. 102. p. 95. (Ed. Ben.) Leo in various places, supr. ii. 55, n. 1. Iren. Hær. v. 1. August. Serm. 101, 6. August. Trin. iv. 17. also ix. 21. and Eusebius, κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ μίμησιν. Eccl. Theol. iii. 19, a. For inward grace as opposed to teaching, vid. supr. Orat. ii. 56, n. 5, and 79, n. 10. become virtuous1122    ἐνάρετοι so πανάρετος Clem. Rom. Ep. i. and sons:—therefore not that we might become such as He, did He say ‘that they may be one as We are;’ but that as He, being the Word, is in His own Father, so that we too, taking an examplar and looking at Him, might become one towards each other in concord and oneness of spirit, nor be at variance as the Corinthians, but mind the same thing, as those five thousand in the Acts1123    Acts iv. 4, 32., who were as one.

20. For it is as ‘sons,’ not as the Son; as ‘gods,’ not as He Himself; and not as the Father, but ‘merciful as the Father.’ And, as has been said, by so becoming one, as the Father and the Son, we shall be such, not as the Father is by nature in the Son and the Son in the Father, but according to our own nature, and as it is possible for us thence to be moulded and to learn how we ought to be one, just as we learned also to be merciful. For like things are naturally one with like; thus all flesh is ranked together in kind1124    Cf. ii. 23, 42.; but the Word is unlike us and like the Father. And therefore, while He is in nature and truth one with His own Father, we, as being of one kind with each other (for from one were all made, and one is the nature of all men), become one with each other in good disposition1125    διαθέσει, de Decr. 2, note 5; Ep. ad Mon. (1) init. Hipp. c. Noet. 7., having as our copy the Son’s natural unity with the Father. For as He taught us meekness from Himself, saying, ‘Learn of Me for I am meek and lowly in heart1126    Matt. xi. 29.,’ not that we may become equal to Him, which is impossible, but that looking towards Him, we may remain meek continually, so also here wishing that our good disposition towards each other should be true and firm and indissoluble, from Himself taking the pattern, He says, ‘that they may be one as We are,’ whose oneness is indivisible; that is, that they learning from us of that indivisible Nature, may preserve in like manner agreement one with another. And this imitation of natural conditions is especially safe for man, as has been said; for, since they remain and never change, whereas the conduct of men is very changeable, one may look to what is unchangeable by nature, and avoid what is bad and remodel himself on what is best.

21. And for this reason also the words, ‘that they may be one in Us,’ have a right sense. If, for instance, it were possible for us to become as the Son in the Father, the words ought to run, ‘that they may be one in Thee,’ as the Son is in the Father; but, as it is, He has not said this; but by saying ‘in Us’ He has pointed out the distance and difference; that He indeed is alone in the Father alone, as Only Word and Wisdom; but we in the Son, and through Him in the Father. And thus speaking, He meant this only, ‘By Our unity may they also be so one with each other, as We are one in nature and truth; for otherwise they could not be one, except by learning unity in Us.’ And that ‘in Us’ has this signification, we may learn from Paul, who says, ‘These things I have in a figure transferred to myself and to Apollos, that ye may learn in us not to be puffed up above that is written1127    1 Cor. iv. 6..’ The words ‘in Us’ then, are not ‘in the Father,’ as the Son is in Him; but imply an example and image, instead of saying, ‘Let them learn of Us.’ For as Paul to the Corinthians, so is the oneness of the Son and the Father a pattern and lesson to all, by which they may learn, looking to that natural unity of the Father and the Son, how they themselves ought to be one in spirit towards each other. Or if it needs to account for the phrase otherwise, the words ‘in Us’ may mean the same as saying, that in the power of the Father and the Son they may be one, speaking the same things1128    Vid. 1 Cor. i. 10; for without God this is impossible. And this mode of speech also we may find in the divine writings, as ‘In God will we do great acts;’ and ‘In God I shall leap over the wall1129    Ps. lx. 12; xviii. 29.;’ and ‘In Thee will we tread down our enemies1130    Ps. xliv. 5. Vid. Olear. de Styl. N. T. p. 4. (ed. 1702.) [Winer. xlviii. a.].’ Therefore it is plain, that in the Name of Father and Son we shall be able, becoming one, to hold firm the bond of charity. For, dwelling still on the same thought, the Lord says, ‘And the glory which Thou gavest Me, I have given to them, that they may be one as We are one.’ Suitably has He here too said, not, ‘that they may be in Thee as I am,’ but ‘as We are;’ now he who says ‘as’1131    This remark which comes in abruptly is pursued presently, vid. §23., signifies not identity, but an image and example of the matter in hand.

22. The Word then has the real and true identity of nature with the Father; but to us it is given to imitate it, as has been said; for He immediately adds, ‘I in them and Thou in Me; that they may be made perfect in one.’ Here at length the Lord asks something greater and more perfect for us; for it is plain that the Word has come to be in us1132    Cf. de Decr. 31. fin., for He has put on our body. ‘And Thou Father in Me;’ ‘for I am Thy Word, and since Thou art in Me, because I am Thy Word, and I in them because of the body, and because of Thee the salvation of men is perfected in Me, therefore I ask that they also may become one, according to the body that is in Me and according to its perfection; that they too may become perfect, having oneness with It, and having become one in It; that, as if all were carried by Me, all may be one body and one spirit, and may grow up unto a perfect man1133    Vid. Eph. iv. 13.’ For we all, partaking of the Same, become one body, having the one Lord in ourselves. The passage then having this meaning, still more plainly is refuted the heterodoxy of Christ’s enemies. I repeat it; if He had said simply and absolutely1134    Cf. ii. 62, n. 13. ‘that they may be one in Thee,’ or ‘that they and I may be one in Thee,’ God’s enemies had had some plea, though a shameless one; but in fact He has not spoken simply, but, ‘As Thou, Father, in Me, and I in Thee, that they may be all one.’ Moreover, using the word ‘as,’ He signifies those who become distantly as He is in the Father; distantly not in place but in nature; for in place nothing is far from God1135    Vid. de Decr. 11, n. 5, which is explained by the present passage. When Ath. there says, ‘without all in nature,’ he must mean as here, ‘far from all things in nature.’ S. Clement loc. cit. gives the same explanation, as there noticed. It is observable that the contr. Sab. Greg. 10 (which the Benedictines consider not Athan.’s) speaks as de Decr. supr. Eusebius says the same thing, de Incorpor. i. init. ap. Sirm. Op. p. 68. vid. S. Ambros. Quomodo creatura in Deo esse potest, &c. de Fid. i. 106. and supr. §1, n. 10., but in nature only all things are far from Him. And, as I said before, whoso uses the particle ‘as’ implies, not identity, nor equality, but a pattern of the matter in question, viewed in a certain respect1136    Vid. Glass. Phil. Sacr. iii. 5. can. 27. and Dettmars, de Theol. Orig. ap. Lumper. Hist. Patr. t. 10, p. 212. Vid. also supr. ii. 55, n. 8..

23. Indeed we may learn also from the Saviour Himself, when He says, ‘For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale’s belly, so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth1137    Matt. xii. 40..’ For Jonah was not as the Saviour, nor did Jonah go down to hades; nor was the whale hades; nor did Jonah, when swallowed up, bring up those who had before been swallowed by the whale, but he alone came forth, when the whale was bidden. Therefore there is no identity nor equality signified in the term ‘as,’ but one thing and another; and it shews a certain kind1138    ὁμοιότητά πως, and so at the end of 22. κατά τι θεωρούμενον. [A note, discussing certain views of Coplestone, Toplady, and Blanco White, is omitted here.] of parallel in the case of Jonah, on account of the three days. In like manner then we too, when the Lord says ‘as,’ neither become as the Son in the Father, nor as the Father is in the Son. For we become one as the Father and the Son in mind and agreement1139    συμφωνία, 10, n. 2. of spirit, and the Saviour will be as Jonah in the earth; but as the Saviour is not Jonah, nor, as he was swallowed up, so did the Saviour descend into hades, but it is but a parallel, in like manner, if we too become one, as the Son in the Father, we shall not be as the Son, nor equal to Him; for He and we are but parallel. For on this account is the word ‘as’ applied to us; since things differing from others in nature, become as they, when viewed in a certain relation1140    Cyril in Joan. p. 227, &c.. Wherefore the Son Himself, simply and without any condition is in the Father; for this attribute He has by nature; but for us, to whom it is not natural, there is needed an image and example, that He may say of us, ‘As Thou in Me, and I in Thee.’ ‘And when they shall be so perfected,’ He says, ‘then the world knows that Thou hast sent Me, for unless I had come and borne this their body, no one of them had been perfected, but one and all had remained corruptible.1141    Cf. ii. 65, n. 3. Work Thou then in them, O Father, and as Thou hast given to Me to bear this, grant to them Thy Spirit, that they too in It may become one, and may be perfected in Me. For their perfecting shews that Thy Word has sojourned among them; and the world seeing them perfect and full of God1142    θεοφορουμένους. ii. 70, n. 1., will believe altogether that Thou hast sent Me, and I have sojourned here. For whence is this their perfecting, but that I, Thy Word, having borne their body, and become man, have perfected the work, which Thou gavest Me, O Father? And the work is perfected, because men, redeemed from sin, no longer remain dead; but being deified1143    §19. n. 3., have in each other, by looking at Me, the bond of charity1144    σύνδεσμον τῆς ἀγαπῆς, 21. circ. fin..’

24. We then, by way of giving a rude view of the expressions in this passage, have been led into many words, but blessed John will shew from his Epistle the sense of the words, concisely and much more perfectly than we can. And he will both disprove the interpretation of these irreligious men, and will teach how we become in God and God in us; and how again we become One in Him, and how far the Son differs in nature from us, and will stop the Arians from any longer thinking that they shall be as the Son, lest they hear it said to them, ‘Thou art a man and not God,’ and ‘Stretch not thyself, being poor, beside a rich man1145    Ez. xxviii. 2; Prov. xxiii. 4, LXX..’ John then thus writes; ‘Hereby know we that we dwell in Him and He in us, because He hath given us of His Spirit1146    1 John iv. 13..’ Therefore because of the grace of the Spirit which has been given to us, in Him we come to be, and He in us1147    Cf. 22, n. 6.; and since it is the Spirit of God, therefore through His becoming in us, reasonably are we, as having the Spirit, considered to be in God, and thus is God in us. Not then as the Son in the Father, so also we become in the Father; for the Son does not merely partake the Spirit, that therefore He too may be in the Father; nor does He receive the Spirit, but rather He supplies It Himself to all; and the Spirit does not unite the Word to the Father1148    [i.e. not by grace] Vid. the end of this section and 25 init. supr. Or. i. 15. also Cyril Hier. Cat. xvi. 24. Epiph. Ancor. 67 init. Cyril in Joan. pp. 929, 930., but rather the Spirit receives from the Word. And the Son is in the Father, as His own Word and Radiance; but we, apart from the Spirit, are strange and distant from God, and by the participation of the Spirit we are knit into the Godhead; so that our being in the Father is not ours, but is the Spirit’s which is in us and abides in us, while by the true confession we preserve it in us, John again saying, ‘Whosoever shall confess that Jesus is the Son of God, God dwelleth in him and he in God1149    1 John iv. 15..’ What then is our likeness and equality to the Son? rather, are not the Arians confuted on every side? and especially by John, that the Son is in the Father in one way, and we become in Him in another, and that neither we shall ever be as He, nor is the Word as we; except they shall dare, as commonly, so now to say, that the Son also by participation of the Spirit and by improvement of conduct1150    βελτιώσει πράξεως, and so ad Afros. τρόπων βελτίωσις. 8. Supr. Or. i. 37, 43. it is rather some external advance. came to be Himself also in the Father. But here again is an excess of irreligion, even in admitting the thought. For He, as has been said, gives to the Spirit, and whatever the Spirit hath, He hath from1151    §8, note 11. the Word.

25. The Saviour, then, saying of us, ‘As Thou, Father, art in Me, and I in Thee, that they too may be one in Us,’ does not signify that we were to have identity with Him; for this was shewn from the instance of Jonah; but it is a request to the Father, as John has written, that the Spirit should be vouchsafed through Him to those who believe, through whom we are found to be in God, and in this respect to be conjoined in Him. For since the Word is in the Father, and the Spirit is given from1152    ἐκ. the Word, He wills that we should receive the Spirit, that, when we receive It, thus having the Spirit of the Word which is in the Father, we too may be found on account of the Spirit to become One in the Word, and through Him in the Father. And if He say, ‘as we,’ this again is only a request that such grace of the Spirit as is given to the disciples may be without failure or revocation1153    Cf. ii. 63, n. 8.. For what the Word has by nature1154    κατὰ φύσιν, supr. de Decr. 31, n. 5., as I said, in the Father, that He wishes to be given to us through the Spirit irrevocably; which the Apostle knowing, said, ‘Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?’ for ‘the gifts of God’ and ‘grace of His calling are without repentance1155    Rom. viii. 35; vid. xi. 29..’ It is the Spirit then which is in God, and not we viewed in our own selves; and as we are sons and gods1156    θεοί, Or. ii. 70, n. 1. because of the Word in us1157    Cf. ii. 59, n. 5., so we shall be in the Son and in the Father, and we shall be accounted to have become one in Son and in Father, because that that Spirit is in us, which is in the Word which is in the Father. When then a man falls from the Spirit for any wickedness, if he repent upon his fall, the grace remains irrevocably to such as are willing1158    Cf. Or. i. 37, end.; otherwise he who has fallen is no longer in God (because that Holy Spirit and Paraclete which is in God has deserted him), but the sinner shall be in him to whom he has subjected himself, as took place in Saul’s instance; for the Spirit of God departed from him and an evil spirit was afflicting him1159    1 Sam. xvi. 14.. God’s enemies hearing this ought to be henceforth abashed, and no longer to feign themselves equal to God. But they neither understand (for ‘the irreligious,’ he saith, ‘does not understand knowledge’1160    Prov. xxix. 7. νοεῖ, Ath. συνήσει.) nor endure religious words, but find them heavy even to hear.

Ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς ταῦτα πάλιν ἐπιχειροῦσι φιλονεικεῖν ταῖς ἰδίαις μυθοπλαστίαις, λέγοντες μὴ οὕτως εἶναι τὸν Υἱὸν καὶ τὸν Πατέρα ἓν, μηδὲ ὅμοιον, ὡς ἡ Ἐκκλησία κηρύσσει, ἀλλ' ὡς αὐτοὶ θέλου σι. Φασὶ γάρ· Ἐπεὶ ἃ θέλει ὁ Πατὴρ, ταῦτα θέλει καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς, καὶ οὔτε τοῖς νοήμασιν οὔτε τοῖς κρίμα σιν ἀντίκειται, ἀλλ' ἐν πᾶσίν ἐστι σύμφωνος αὐτῷ, τὴν ταὐτότητα τῶν δογμάτων καὶ τὸν ἀκόλουθον καὶ συνηρτημένον τῇ τοῦ Πατρὸς διδασκαλίᾳ ἀπο διδοὺς λόγον· διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸς καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν εἰσι. Ταῦτα γὰρ οὐ μόνον εἰπεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ γράψαι τινὲς ἐξ αὐτῶν τετολμήκασι. Τούτου δὲ τί ἄν τις ἀτοπώτε ρον ἢ ἀλογώτερον εἴποι; Εἰ γὰρ διὰ ταῦτα ἕν εἰσιν ὁ Υἱὸς καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ, καὶ εἰ οὕτως ὅμοιός ἐστιν ὁ Λόγος τῷ Πατρί· ὥρα καὶ τοὺς ἀγγέλους, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἡμῶν τὰ ὑπερκείμενα, ἀρχάς τε καὶ ἐξουσίας, καὶ θρόνους καὶ κυριότητας, καὶ τὰ φαινόμενα, ἥλιόν τε καὶ σελήνην, καὶ τοὺς ἀστέρας εἶναι καὶ αὐτοὺς, ὡς τὸν Υἱὸν, υἱούς· λέγεσθαι δὲ καὶ περὶ τούτων, ὅτι αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν εἰσι· καὶ ἕκαστος εἰκὼν καὶ Λόγος ἐστὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἃ γὰρ θέλει ὁ Θεὸς, ταῦτα θέλουσι καὶ αὐτοί· καὶ οὔτε τοῖς κρίμασιν οὔτε τοῖς δόγμασι διαφωνοῦσιν, ἀλλ' ἐν πᾶσίν εἰσιν ὑπή κοοι τῷ πεποιηκότι. Οὐκ ἂν γὰρ ἔμειναν ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ δόξῃ, εἰ μὴ, ἅπερ ἤθελεν ὁ Πατὴρ, ταῦτα καὶ αὐτοὶ ἠβούλοντο. Ὁ γοῦν μὴ μείνας, ἀλλὰ παραφρο νήσας ἤκουσε· Πῶς ἐξέπεσεν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ὁ Ἑωσφόρος, ὁ πρωῒ ἀνατέλλων; πῶς οὖν, τούτων οὕτως ὄντων, μόνος οὗτος Υἱὸς μονογενὴς καὶ Λό γος καὶ Σοφία ἐστίν; ἢ πῶς, τοσούτων ὄντων ὁμοίων τῷ Πατρὶ, μόνος οὗτος εἰκών ἐστι; Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὑρεθήσονται πολλοὶ ὅμοιοι τῷ Πατρὶ, πλεῖ στοι μὲν μάρτυρες γενόμενοι, καὶ πρὸ αὐτῶν οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ προφῆται, καὶ πάλιν πρὸ τούτων οἱ πατριάρχαι· πολλοί τε καὶ νῦν ἐφύλαξαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἐντολὴν, γενόμενοι οἰκτίρμονες, ὡς ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, καὶ τηρήσαντες τὸ, Γίνεσθε οὖν μιμηταὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὡς τέκνα ἀγαπητά· καὶ περιπατεῖτε ἐν ἀγάπῃ, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἠγάπη σεν ἡμᾶς. Μιμηταὶ δὲ γεγόνασι καὶ τοῦ Παύλου πολ λοὶ, ὡς κἀκεῖνος τοῦ Χριστοῦ· καὶ ὅμως οὐδεὶς τού των οὔτε Λόγος, οὔτε Σοφία, οὔτε μονογενὴς Υἱὸς, οὔτε εἰκών ἐστιν, οὔτε τις τούτων ἀπετόλμησεν εἰπεῖν· Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν, ἢ, Ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν ἐμοί. Ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν πάντων εἴρηται, Τίς ὅμοιός σοι ἐν θεοῖς, Κύριε; καὶ, Τίς ὁμοιωθήσεται τῷ Κυρίῳ ἐν υἱοῖς Θεοῦ; περὶ δὲ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι μόνος εἰκὼν ἀληθινὴ καὶ φύσει τοῦ Πατρός ἐστιν. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ κατ' εἰκόνα γεγόναμεν, καὶ εἰκὼν καὶ δόξα Θεοῦ ἐχρηματίσαμεν, ἀλλ' οὐ δι' ἑαυτοὺς πά λιν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν ἐνοικήσασαν ἐν ἡμῖν εἰκόνα καὶ ἀληθῆ δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἥτις ἐστὶν ὁ Λόγος αὐτοῦ, ὁ δι' ἡμᾶς ὕστερον γενόμενος σὰρξ, ταύτην τῆς κλήσεως ἔχομεν τὴν χάριν. Ἀπρεποῦς δὴ οὖν καὶ ἀλόγου καὶ τῆς τοιαύτης φρονήσεως ἐκείνων φαινομένης, ἀνάγκη τὴν ὁμοίωσιν καὶ τὴν ἑνότητα ἐπ' αὐτὴν τὴν οὐσίαν τοῦ Υἱοῦ φέρειν· εἰ γὰρ μὴ οὕτω τις λάβοι οὔτε πλέον τι τῶν γενητῶν ἔχων φανήσεται, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, οὔτε τοῦ Πατρὸς ὅμοιος ἔσται, ἀλλὰ τῶν τοῦ Πατρὸς ὅμοιος ἔσται δογμάτων· καὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς διαφέρει ὅτι ὁ μὲν Πατὴρ πατήρ ἐστι, τὰ δὲ δόγματα καὶ ἡ διδασκαλία τοῦ Πατρός ἐστιν. Εἰ τοίνυν κατὰ τὰ δόγ ματα καὶ τὴν διδασκαλίαν ὅμοιός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς τῷ Πατρὶ, ὁ μὲν Πατὴρ κατ' αὐτοὺς ὀνόματι μόνον Πατὴρ ἔσται· ὁ δὲ Υἱὸς οὐκ ἀπαράλλακτος εἰκὼν, μᾶλλον οὐδὲ ὅλως ἰδιότητα ἢ ὁμοίωσίν τινα τοῦ Πα τρὸς ἔχων φανήσεται. Ποία γὰρ ὁμοίωσις καὶ ἰδιότης τῷ παρεξηλλαγμένῳ παρὰ τὸν Πατέρα; Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ὅμοια τῷ Σωτῆρι διδάσκων, οὐκ ἦν κατ' οὐσίαν ὅμοιος αὐτῷ. Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν οὖν, τοιαῦτα φρονοῦντες, ψεύδονται· ὁ δέ γε Υἱὸς καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ οὕτως εἰσὶν ἓν, καθάπερ εἴρηται· καὶ οὕτως ἐστὶν ὁ Υἱὸς ὅμοιος καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Πατρὸς, ὡς ἔστιν ἰδεῖν καὶ νοεῖν υἱὸν πρὸς πατέρα, καὶ ὡς ἔστιν ἰδεῖν τὸ ἀπαύγασμα πρὸς τὸν ἥλιον. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τὸ οὕτως εἶναι τὸν Υἱὸν, ἐργαζομένου τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ὁ Πατήρ ἐστιν ὁ ἐργαζόμενος, καὶ ἐρχομένου τοῦ Υἱοῦ πρὸς τοὺς ἁγίους, ὁ Πατήρ ἐστιν ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ, ὡς αὐτὸς ἐπηγγείλατο λέγων· Ἐλευσόμεθα ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ, καὶ μονὴν παρ' αὐτῷ ποιήσομεν. Ἐν γὰρ τῇ εἰκόνι θεωρεῖται ὁ Πατὴρ, καὶ ἐν τῷ ἀπαυγάσματί ἐστι τὸ φῶς. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο, καθάπερ μικρῷ πρόσθεν εἴπομεν, καὶ διδόντος τοῦ Πατρὸς χάριν καὶ εἰρήνην, αὐτὴν καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς δίδωσιν, ὡς ὁ Παῦλος ἐπισημαίνεται διὰ πάσης ἐπιστολῆς γράφων· Χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ Κυ ρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Μία γὰρ καὶ ἡ αὐτὴ χάρις ἐστὶ παρὰ Πατρὸς ἐν Υἱῷ, ὡς ἔστιν ἓν τὸ φῶς τοῦ ἡλίου καὶ τοῦ ἀπαυγάσματος, καὶ τὸ φωτίζειν τοῦ ἡλίου διὰ τοῦ ἀπαυγάσματος γίνεται. Οὕτω γοῦν πάλιν ἐπευχόμενος Θεσσαλονικεῦσι καὶ λέγων· Αὐ τὸς δὲ ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ ἡμῶν, καὶ ὁ Κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς κατευθύναι τὴν ὁδὸν ἡμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐφύλαξεν· οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, κατευθύνοιεν, ὡς παρὰ δύο διδομένης, παρὰ τούτου καὶ τούτου, διπλῆς χάριτος, ἀλλὰ, κατευθύναι, ἵνα δείξῃ, ὅτι ὁ Πατὴρ δι' Υἱοῦ δίδωσι ταύτην· ἐξ ὧν κἂν ἐρυθριᾷν οἱ ἀσεβεῖς δυνά μενοι, οὐ βούλονται. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἦν ἑνότης καὶ ἴδιον τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς οὐσίας γέννημα ὁ Λόγος, ὡς τὸ ἀπαύγασμα τοῦ φω τὸς, ἀλλὰ διειστήκει τῇ φύσει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Πατρός· ἤρκει τὸν Πατέρα δοῦναι μόνον, οὐδενὸς τῶν γενητῶν ἐπικοινωνοῦντος πρὸς τὸν πεποιηκότα ἐν τοῖς διδο μένοις· νῦν δὲ ἡ τοιαύτη δόσις δείκνυσι τὴν ἑνό τητα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ. Οὐκ ἂν γοῦν εὔξαιτό τις λαβεῖν παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων, ἢ παρά τινος τῶν ἄλλων κτισμάτων, οὐδ' ἂν εἴποι τις, ∆ῴη σοι ὁ Θεὸς καὶ ὁ ἄγγελος, ἀλλὰ παρὰ Πα τρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ διὰ τὴν ἑνότητα καὶ τὴν ἑνοειδῆ δόσιν. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦ Υἱοῦ δίδοται τὰ διδόμενα· οὐδὲν δέ ἐστιν, ὃ μὴ δι' Υἱοῦ ἐνεργεῖ ὁ Πατήρ· οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ὁ λαβὼν ἀσφαλῆ τὴν χάριν ἔχει. Εἰ δὲ ὁ πατρι άρχης Ἰακὼβ, εὐλογῶν τοὺς ἐγγόνους Ἐφραῒμ καὶ Μανασσῆ ἔλεγεν· Ὁ Θεὸς ὁ τρέφων με ἐκ νεότητός μου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης· ὁ ἄγγελος ὁ ῥυό μενός με ἐκ πάντων τῶν κακῶν, εὐλογήσαι τὰ παιδία ταῦτα· οὐ τῶν κτισθέντων καὶ τὴν φύσιν ἀγγέλων ὄντων ἕνα συνῆπτε τῷ κτίσαντι αὐτοὺς Θεῷ· οὐδὲ ἀφεὶς τὸν τρέφοντα αὐτὸν Θεὸν, παρ' ἀγ γέλου τὴν εὐλογίαν ᾔτει τοῖς ἐγγόνοις, ἀλλ' εἰρηκὼς, Ὁ ῥυόμενός με ἐκ πάντων τῶν κακῶν, ἔδειξε μὴ τῶν κτισθέντων τινὰ ἀγγέλων, ἀλλὰ τὸν Λόγον εἶναι τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὃν τῷ Πατρὶ συνάπτων ηὔχετο, δι' οὗ καὶ οὓς ἐὰν θέλῃ, ῥύεται ὁ Θεός. Τοῦτον γὰρ καὶ μεγάλης βουλῆς Ἄγγελον τοῦ Πατρὸς εἰδὼς καλούμενον, οὐκ ἄλλον ἢ αὐτὸν εἶναι τὸν εὐλογοῦντα, καὶ ῥυόμε νον ἐκ τῶν κακῶν ἔλεγεν. Οὐ γὰρ αὐτὸς μὲν παρὰ Θεοῦ ἠξίου εὐλογεῖσθαι, τοὺς δὲ ἐκγόνους ἤθελε παρ' ἀγγέλου· ἀλλ' ὃν αὐτὸς παρεκάλει λέγων, Οὐ μή σε ἀποστείλω, ἐὰν μή με εὐλογήσῃς (Θεὸς δὲ ἦν οὗτος, ὡς αὐτός φησιν· Εἶδον Θεὸν πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον), τοῦτον εὐλογῆσαι καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ ηὔχετο. Ἀγγέλου μὲν οὖν ἴδιον τὸ διακονεῖν τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ προστάξει· πολλάκις δὲ καὶ προπο ρεύεται ἐκβάλλειν τὸν Ἀμοῤῥαῖον, καὶ πέμπεται φυλάξαι τὸν λαὸν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ· ἀλλὰ καὶ ταῦτα οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῦ, τοῦ δὲ προστάξαντος καὶ ἀποστείλαντος αὐτὸν Θεοῦ, οὗ καὶ τὸ ῥύεσθαι ἔστιν, οὓς ἂν αὐτὸς θελήσῃ ῥύεσθαι· διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἄλλος ἢ αὐτὸς Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὁ ὀφθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ μετὰ σοῦ, διαφυλάσσων σε ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ πάσῃ, οὗ ἂν πορευθῇς· καὶ οὐκ ἄλλος, ἀλλὰ πάλιν ὁ Θεὸς ὁ ὀφθεὶς ἐπέσχε τοῦ Λάβαν τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν, κελεύσας αὐτῷ μὴ λαλῆσαι πονηρὰ τῷ Ἰακώβ· καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ οὐκ ἄλλον ἢ τὸν Θεὸν παρεκάλει λέγων· Ἐξελοῦ με ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μου Ἠσαῦ, ὅτι φοβοῦμαι αὐτόν· καὶ γὰρ καὶ ταῖς γυναιξὶν ὁμιλῶν ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Οὐκ ἔδωκεν ὁ Θεὸς τῷ Λάβαν κα κοποιῆσαί με. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ ∆αβὶδ οὐκ ἄλλον ἢ αὐτὸν τὸν Θεὸν παρεκάλει περὶ τοῦ ῥυσθῆναι· Πρὸς σὲ, Κύ ριε, ἐν τῷ θλίβεσθαί με, ἐκέκραξα, καὶ ἐπήκου σάς μου· Κύριε, ῥῦσαι τὴν ψυχήν μου ἀπὸ χει λέων ἀδίκων, καὶ ἀπὸ γλώσσης δολίας· τούτῳ καὶ τὴν χάριν ἀνατιθεὶς ἐλάλησε καὶ τοὺς λόγους τῆς ᾠδῆς ἐν τῷ ἑπτακαιδεκάτῳ ψαλμῷ, ἐν ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ἐῤῥύσατο αὐτὸν ὁ Κύριος ἐκ χειρὸς πάντων τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς Σαοὺλ, καὶ εἶπεν· Ἀγαπήσω σε, Κύριε, ἡ ἰσχύς μου, Κύριος στερέ ωμά μου καὶ καταφυγή μου, καὶ ῥύστης μου. Ὁ δὲ Παῦλος, πολλοὺς διωγμοὺς ὑπομείνας, οὐκ ἄλλῳ ἢ τῷ Θεῷ ηὐχαρίστει λέγων· Ἐκ πάντων με ἐῤῥύσατο ὁ Κύριος, καὶ ῥύσεται, εἰς ὃν ἠλπίκα μεν· καὶ οὐκ ἄλλος δὲ ἢ ὁ Θεὸς ηὐλόγησε τὸν Ἀβραὰμ καὶ τὸν Ἰσαάκ· καὶ ὁ Ἰσαὰκ δὲ ἐπευχόμενος τῷ Ἰακὼβ, ἔλεγεν· Ὁ Θεός μου εὐλογήσαι σε, καὶ αὐξήσαι σε καὶ πληθυνεῖ σε, καὶ ἔσῃ εἰς συναγωγὰς ἐθνῶν, καὶ δῴη σοι τὴν εὐλογίαν Ἀβραὰμ τοῦ πατρός μου. Εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἄλλου τινός ἐστι τὸ εὐλογεῖν καὶ τὸ ῥύεσθαι, ἢ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἄλλος τις ἦν ὁ ῥυόμενος τὸν Ἰακὼβ ἢ αὐτὸς ὁ Κύριος, τὸν δὲ ῥυόμενον αὐτὸν ὁ πατριάρχης ἐπεκα λεῖτο ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐκγόνους· δῆλόν ἐστιν, ὡς οὐκ ἄλλον ἐν τῇ εὐχῇ συνῆπτε τῷ Θεῷ ἢ τὸν τούτου Λό γον, ὃν διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἄγγελον ἐκάλεσεν, ὅτι μόνος οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἀποκαλύπτων τὸν Πατέρα. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ Ἀπόστολος ἐποίει λέγων· Χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χρι στοῦ· οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἀσφαλὴς ἦν ἡ εὐλογία διὰ τὸ ἀδιαίρετον τοῦ Υἱοῦ πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ ὅτι μία καὶ ἡ αὐτή ἐστιν ἡ διδομένη χάρις. Κἂν γὰρ ὁ Πα τὴρ δῴη, διὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐστι τὸ διδόμενον· κἂν ὁ Υἱὸς λέγηται χαρίζεσθαι, ὁ Πατήρ ἐστιν ὁ διὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ παρέχων· Εὐχαριστῶ γὰρ, φη σὶν ὁ Ἀπόστολος γράφων Κορινθίοις, τῷ Θεῷ μου πάντοτε περὶ ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ τῇ δοθείσῃ ὑμῖν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ φωτὸς καὶ ἀπαυγάσματος ἄν τις ἴδοι· καὶ γὰρ ὅπερ φωτίζει τὸ φῶς, τοῦτο τὸ ἀπαύγασμα καταυγάζει· ὅπερ δὲ καταυγάζει τὸ ἀπαύγασμα, ἐκ τοῦ φωτός ἐστιν ὁ φωτισμός. Οὕτω καὶ βλεπομένου τοῦ Υἱοῦ, βλέπεται ὁ Πατήρ· τοῦ γὰρ Πατρός ἐστι τὸ ἀπαύγασμα· καὶ οὕτως ὁ Πατὴρ καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ἕν εἰσι. Τοῦτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν γενητῶν καὶ κτισμάτων οὐκ ἄν τις εἴποι. Οὔτε γὰρ, ἐργαζομένου τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἐργάζεταί τις αὐτὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων, ἢ ἄλλος τις τῶν κτισμάτων· οὐδὲν γὰρ τούτων ποιητικὸν αἴτιόν ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ τῶν γινομένων εἰσίν· ἄλλως τε καὶ κεχωρισμέ νοι, καὶ διεστηκότες τοῦ μόνου, καὶ ἄλλο τὴν φύ σιν ὄντες, καὶ ἔργα τυγχάνοντες, οὔτε ἅπερ ἐργά ζεται ὁ Θεὸς, δύνανται ἐργάζεσθαι, οὔτε, καθὰ προ εῖπον, χαριζομένου τοῦ Θεοῦ, συγχαρίζεσθαι· οὔτε βλεπομένου ἀγγέλου, εἴποι ἄν τις ἑωρακέναι τὸν Πατέρα. Ἄγγελοι μὲν γὰρ, ὡς γέγραπται, λειτουργικὰ πνεύματά εἰσιν εἰς διακονίαν ἀποστελλόμενοι, καὶ τὰς παρ' αὐτοῦ διὰ τοῦ Λόγου δωρεὰς διδομένας ἀπαγγέλλοντές εἰσι τοῖς λαμβάνουσι. Καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ ἄγγελος, ὁρώμενος, ὁμολογεῖ ἀπεστάλθαι παρὰ τοῦ ∆εσπότου, ὡς ἐπὶ Ζαχαρίου ὁ Γαβριὴλ, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς Θεοτόκου Μαρίας ὁ αὐτὸς ὡμολόγησε. Καὶ ὁ βλέ πων δὲ ἀγγέλων ὀπτασίαν οἶδεν, ὅτι τὸν ἄγγελον εἶδε, καὶ οὐ τὸν Θεόν. Εἶδε γὰρ Ζαχαρίας ἄγγελον· εἶδε καὶ Ἡσαΐας τὸν Κύριον· εἶδε Μανωὲ ὁ πατὴρ τοῦ Σαμ ψὼμ ἄγγελον· ἐθεώρησε δὲ καὶ Μωϋσῆς τὸν Θεόν· εἶδε Γεδεὼν ἄγγελον· ὤφθη δὲ καὶ τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ὁ Θεός· καὶ οὔτε ὁ τὸν Θεὸν ὁρῶν, ἄγγελον ἔβλε πεν, οὔτε ὁ τὸν ἄγγελον ὁρῶν ἐνόμιζε τὸν Θεὸν ὁρᾷν· πολὺ γὰρ, μᾶλλον δὲ τὸ ὅλον διέστηκε τῇ φύσει τὰ γενητὰ πρὸς τὸν κτίσαντα Θεόν. Εἰ δὲ καί ποτε ὀφθέντος ἀγγέλου, ὁ ὁρῶν φωνῆς ἤκουε Θεοῦ, ὡς ἐπὶ τῆς βάτου γέγονεν· Ὤφθη γὰρ ἄγγελος Κυρίου ἐν φλογὶ πυρὸς ἐκ τῆς βάτου· καὶ ἐκάλεσε Κύριος Μωϋσῆν ἐκ τῆς βάτου λέγων· Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ πατρός σου, ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰακώβ. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἦν ὁ ἄγγελος,ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, ἐν δὲ ἀγγέλῳ λαλῶν ἦν ὁ Θεός. Καὶ ὁ μὲν φαινόμενος ἦν ἄγγελος· ὁ δὲ Θεὸς ἐν αὐτῷ ἐλάλει. Ὡς γὰρ ἐν στύλῳ νεφέλης ἐλάλει τῷ Μωϋσῇ ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ, οὕτω καὶ ἐν ἀγγέλοις φαίνεται λαλῶν ὁ Θεός· οὕτω καὶ τῷ τοῦ Ναυῆ δι' ἀγγέλου ἐλάλει. Ἃ δὲ λαλεῖ ὁ Θεὸς, πρόδηλον, ὅτι διὰ τοῦ Λόγου λαλεῖ, καὶ οὐ δι' ἄλλου. Ὁ δὲ Λόγος οὐ κεχωρισμένος τοῦ Πατρὸς, οὐδὲ ἀνόμοιος καὶ ξένος τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Πατρὸς τυγχάνων, ἃ ἐργάζεται, ταῦτα τοῦ Πατρός ἐστιν ἔργα, καὶ μίαν ποιεῖ τὴν δημιουρ γίαν· καὶ ἃ δίδωσιν ὁ Υἱὸς, ταῦτα τοῦ Πατρός ἐστιν ἡ δόσις. Καὶ ὁ ἑωρακὼς τὸν Υἱὸν, οἶδεν, ὅτι, τοῦτον ἑωρακὼς, οὐκ ἄγγελον, οὐδὲ μείζονά τινα τῶν ἀγγέλων, οὐδὲ ὅλως τινὰ τῶν κτισμάτων, ἀλλ' αὐτὸν ἑώρακε τὸν Πατέρα· καὶ ὁ τοῦ Λόγου ἀκούων, οἶδεν, ὅτι τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀκούει· ὥσπερ καὶ ὁ τῷ ἀπαυ γάσματι καταυγαζόμενος οἶδεν, ὅτι καὶ ὑπὸ ἡλίου φωτίζεται. Οὕτω γὰρ ἡμᾶς βουλομένη νοεῖν ἡ θεία Γραφὴ, τοιαῦτα τὰ παραδείγματα δέδωκεν, ὡς καὶ ἐν τοῖς προτέροις εἰρήκαμεν, ἐξ ὧν καὶ τοὺς προδότας Ἰουδαίους δυσωπεῖν δυνάμεθα, καὶ τὴν Ἑλλήνων διαλύειν κατηγορίαν, φασκόντων καὶ νομιζόντων διὰ τὴν Τριάδα λέγειν καὶ ἡμᾶς πολλοὺς θεούς. Οὐδὲ γὰρ, ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ παράδειγμα δείκνυσι, τρεῖς ἀρχὰς ἢ τρεῖς πατέρας εἰσάγομεν, ὡς οἱ περὶ Μαρκίωνα καὶ Μανιχαῖον· ἐπεὶ μηδὲ τριῶν ἡλίων ὑπεθέμεθα τὴν εἰκόνα, ἀλλὰ ἥλιον καὶ ἀπαύγασμα, καὶ ἓν τὸ ἐξ ἡλίου ἐν τῷ ἀπαυγάσματι φῶς· οὕτω μίαν ἀρχὴν οἴδαμεν· τόν τε δημιουργὸν Λόγον φάσκομεν οὐχ ἕτερόν τινα τρόπον ἔχειν θεότητος ἢ τὴν τοῦ μόνου Θεοῦ, διὰ τὸ ἐξ αὐτοῦ πεφυκέναι. Μᾶλλον μὲν οὖν οἱ Ἀρειομανῖται δικαίως ἂν σχοῖεν τὸ ἔγκλημα τῆς πολυθεότητος ἢ καὶ ἀθεότητος, ὅτι ἔξωθεν τὸν Υἱὸν κτίσμα, καὶ πάλιν τὸ Πνεῦμα ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος βαττολογοῦσιν. Ἢ γὰρ οὐκ εἶναι Θεὸν τὸν Λόγον φήσουσιν· ἢ λέγοντες Θεὸν μὲν διὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον, μὴ ἴδιον δὲ τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Πατρὸς, πολλοὺς ἂν εἰσά γοιεν διὰ τὸ ἑτεροειδὲς αὐτῶν· εἰ μὴ ἄρα κατὰ με τοχὴν, ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ πάντα, Θεὸν λέγεσθαι καὶ αὐ τὸν λέγειν τολμήσουσιν. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο νομί ζοντες ὁμοίως ἀσεβοῦσιν, ἕνα τῶν πάντων λέγοντες εἶναι τὸν Λόγον. Ἡμῶν δὲ τοῦτο μηδὲ εἰς τὸν νοῦν ποτε εἰσέλθοι! Ἓν γὰρ εἶδος θεότητος, ὅπερ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐν τῷ Λόγῳ· καὶ εἷς Θεὸς ὁ Πατὴρ, ἐφ' ἑαυτῷ ὢν κατὰ τὸ ἐπὶ πάντων εἶναι· καὶ ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ δὲ φαινόμενος κατὰ τὸ διὰ πάντων διήκειν, καὶ ἐν τῷ Πνεύματι δὲ κατὰ τὸ ἐν ἅπασι διὰ τοῦ Λόγου ἐν αὐτῷ ἐνεργεῖν. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἕνα διὰ τῆς Τριάδος ὁμολογοῦμεν εἶναι τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ πολὺ μᾶλλον εὐσεβέστερον λέγομεν τῆς πολυειδοῦς καὶ πολυ μεροῦς τῶν αἱρετικῶν θεότητος, ὅτι τὴν μίαν ἐν τριάδι θεότητα φρονοῦμεν. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ οὕτως ἔχει, ἀλλ' ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐστὶ κτίσμα καὶ ποίημα ὁ Λόγος· ἢ οὐκ ἔστι Θεὸς ἀληθι νὸς, διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἕνα τῶν κτισμάτων· ἢ εἰ Θεὸν αὐτὸν ὀνομάζουσιν ἐντρεπόμενοι παρὰ τῶν Γραφῶν, ἀνάγκη λέγειν αὐτοὺς δύο θεοὺς, ἕνα μὲν κτίστην, τὸν δὲ ἕτερον κτιστόν· καὶ δύο κυρίοις λατρεύειν, ἑνὶ μὲν ἀγενήτῳ, τῷ δὲ ἑτέρῳ γενητῷ καὶ κτίσματι· δύο τε πίστεις ἔχειν, μίαν μὲν εἰς τὸν ἀληθινὸν Θεὸν, ἑτέραν δὲ εἰς τὸν ποιηθέντα καὶ πλασθέντα παρ' αὐ τῶν καὶ λεχθέντα Θεόν. Ἀνάγκη δὲ αὐτοὺς, οὕτω τυφλωθέντας, ὅτε μὲν προσκυνοῦσι τῷ ἀγενή τῳ, κατανωτίζεσθαι τὸν γενητὸν, ὅτε δὲ προσέρ χονται τῷ κτίσματι, ἀποστρέφεσθαι τὸν κτίστην. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν ἰδεῖν τοῦτον ἐν ἐκείνῳ, διὰ τὸ ξένας καὶ διαφόρους αὐτῶν εἶναι τάς τε φύσεις καὶ τὰς ἐνεργείας. Οὕτω δὲ φρονοῦντες, πάντως καὶ πλείονας συνάψουσι θεούς· τοῦτο γὰρ τῶν ἐκπεσόντων ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑνὸς Θεοῦ τὸ ἐπιχείρημα. ∆ιὰ τί οὖν οἱ Ἀρειανοὶ, τοιαῦτα λογιζόμενοι καὶ νοοῦντες, οὐ συναριθμοῦσιν ἑαυτοὺς μετὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων; καὶ γὰρ κἀκεῖνοι, ὥσπερ καὶ οὗτοι, τῇ κτίσει λατρεύουσι παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα τὰ πάντα Θεόν. Ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν ὄνομα τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν φεύγουσι διὰ τὴν τῶν ἀνοήτων ἀπάτην, τὴν δὲ ὁμοίαν ἐκείνοις διάνοιαν ὑποκρίνονται. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὸ σοφὸν αὐτῶν, ὥσπερ εἰώθασι λέγειν, Οὐ λέγομεν δύω ἀγένητα, φαίνονται πρὸς ἀπάτην τῶν ἀκεραίων λέγοντες· φάσκοντες γὰρ, Οὐ λέγομεν δύο ἀγένητα, λέγουσι δύο θεοὺς, καὶ τούτους διαφό ρους ἔχοντας τὰς φύσεις, τὸν μὲν γενητὴν, τὸν δὲ ἀγένητον. Εἰ δὲ οἱ μὲν Ἕλληνες ἑνὶ ἀγενήτῳ καὶ πολλοῖς γενητοῖς λατρεύουσιν, οὗτοι δὲ ἑνὶ ἀγενήτῳ καὶ ἑνὶ γενητῷ· οὐδ' οὕτω διαφέρουσιν Ἑλ λήνων. Ὅ τε γὰρ παρ' αὐτῶν λεγόμενος γενητὸς εἷς ἐκ πολλῶν ἐστι· καὶ οἱ πολλοὶ δὲ πάλιν τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὴν αὐτὴν τῷ ἑνὶ τούτῳ φύσιν ἔχουσι· καὶ οὗ τος γὰρ κἀκεῖνοι κτίσματά εἰσιν. Ἄθλιοι, καὶ πλεῖον ὅσον ἐβλάβησαν κατὰ Χριστοῦ φρονήσαντες. Ἐξέπεσαν γὰρ τῆς ἀληθείας, καὶ τὴν μὲν Ἰουδαίων προδοσίαν ὑπερέβησαν ἀρνούμενοι τὸν Χριστὸν, τοῖς δὲ Ἕλλησι συγκυλίονται, κτίσματι καὶ διαφόροις θεοῖς λατρεύοντες οἱ θεοστυγεῖς. Εἷς γὰρ Θεός ἐστι, καὶ οὐ πολλοὶ, καὶ εἷς ὁ τούτου Λόγος, καὶ οὐ πολ λοί· Θεὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ Λόγος, καὶ μόνος αὐτὸς ἔχει τὸ πατρικὸν εἶδος· ὥσπερ ὢν αὐτὸς ὁ Σωτὴρ, ἐδυσώ πει τοὺς Ἰουδαίους λέγων· Ὁ πέμψας με Πατὴρ, ἐκεῖνος μεμαρτύρηκε περὶ ἐμοῦ· οὔτε φωνὴν αὐ τοῦ πώποτε ἀκηκόατε, οὔτε εἶδος αὐτοῦ ἑω ράκατε· καὶ τὸν Λόγον αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ὑμῖν μένοντα· ὅτι ὃν ἀπέστειλεν ἐκεῖνος, τούτῳ ὑμεῖς οὐ πιστεύετε. Τὸν δὲ Λόγον συνῆψε τῷ εἴδει καλῶς, ἵνα δείξῃ, ὅτι ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγος, αὐτὸς καὶ εἰκὼν καὶ χαρακτὴρ καὶ εἶδός ἐστι τοῦ Πατρὸς ἑαυτοῦ· καὶ ὅτι οἱ τὸν λαλοῦντα μὴ δεξάμενοι Ἰουδαῖοι οὐκ ἐδέ ξαντο τὸν Λόγον, ὅσπερ ἐστὶ τὸ εἶδος τοῦ Θεοῦ. Τοῦτο καὶ ὁ πατριάρχης Ἰακὼβ ἑωρακὼς ηὐλογήθη, καὶ ἀντὶ Ἰακὼβ Ἰσραὴλ ἐκλήθη παρ' αὐτοῦ, ὡς ἡ θεία Γραφὴ μαρτυρεῖ λέγουσα· Ἀνέτειλε δὲ ὁ ἥλιος αὐτῷ, ἡνίκα παρῆλθε τὸ εἶδος τοῦ Θεοῦ. Τοῦτο δὲ ἦν ὁ λέγων· Ὁ ἐμὲ ἑωρακὼς ἑώρακε τὸν Πατέρα· καὶ, Ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν ἐμοί ἐστι· κἀγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν· οὕτω γὰρ εἷς ἐστιν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ μία ἡ εἰς τὸν Πατέρα καὶ Υἱὸν πίστις. Καὶ γὰρ τοῦ Λόγου ὄντος Θεοῦ, πάλιν Κύ ριος ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν Κύριος εἷς ἐστι. Τοῦ γὰρ ἑνὸς ἴδιος καὶ ἀδιαίρετός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς κατὰ τὴν ἰδιότητα καὶ οἰκειότητα τῆς οὐσίας. Ἀλλ' οὐδ' οὕτως ἐντραπέντες οἱ Ἀρειανοί φα σιν· «Οὐχ ὡς ὑμεῖς λέγετε, ἀλλ' ὡς ἡμεῖς θέλομεν· ἀνατρεπόντων γὰρ ὑμῶν τὰς προτέρας ὑμῶν ἐπινοίας, ἐφεύρομεν καινοτέραν καὶ λέγομεν· Οὕτως ἐστὶν ὁ Υἱὸς καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἓν, καὶ οὕτως ἐστὶν ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ, καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, ὡς ἂν καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐν αὐτῷ γενοίμεθα· τοῦτο γὰρ ἐν τῷ κατὰ Ἰωάννην Εὐαγγελίῳ γέγραπται, ὅπερ περὶ ἡμῶν ὁ Χριστὸς ἠξίου λέγων· Πάτερ ἅγιε, τήρησον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου, ᾧ δέδωκάς μοι, ἵνα ὦσιν ἓν, καθὼς καὶ ἡμεῖς· καὶ πάλιν μετ' ὀλίγα· Οὐ περὶ τούτων δὲ ἐρωτῶ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τῶν πιστευόντων διὰ τοῦ λόγου αὐτῶν εἰς ἐμέ· ἵνα πάντες ἓν ὦσι, καθὼς σὺ, Πάτερ, ἐν ἐμοὶ, κἀγὼ ἐν σοὶ, ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐν ἡμῖν ἓν ὦσιν· ἵνα ὁ κόσμος πιστεύσῃ, ὅτι σύ με ἀπέ στειλας· κἀγὼ τὴν δόξαν, ἣν δέδωκάς μοι, δέδωκα αὐτοῖς, ἵνα ὦσιν ἓν, καθὼς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἕν ἐσμεν, ἐγὼ ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ σὺ ἐν ἐμοί· ἵνα ὦσι τετελειωμένοι εἰς ἓν, καὶ ἵνα γινώσκῃ ὁ κό σμος, ὅτι σύ με ἀπέστειλας.» Εἶτα ὥσπερ εὑρόντες πρόφασιν, ἐπιλέγουσιν οἱ δόλιοι ταῦτα· «Εἰ ὥσπερ ἡμεῖς ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ γινόμεθα ἓν, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν ἐστι, καὶ οὕτως ἐν τῷ Πα τρί ἐστι καὶ αὐτός· πῶς ὑμεῖς ἐκ τοῦ λέγειν αὐτὸν, Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν, καὶ, Ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν ἐμοὶ, ἴδιον καὶ ὅμοιον τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς οὐσίας αὐτὸν φάσκετε; Ἀνάγκη γὰρ ἢ καὶ ἡμᾶς ἰδίους εἶναι τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἢ κἀκεῖνον ἀλλότριον εἶναι, ὥσπερ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ἀλλότριοι.» Ταῦτα μὲν ἐκεῖνοι ληροῦντες φλυαροῦ σιν· ἐγὼ δὲ οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἐν τῇ τοιαύτῃ αὐτῶν κα κονοίᾳ βλέπω ἢ ἀλόγιστον τόλμαν καὶ διαβολικὴν ἀπόνοιαν, λεγόντων καὶ αὐτῶν κατ' ἐκεῖνον, Εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀναβησόμεθα, ἐσόμεθα ὅμοιοι τῷ Ὑψίστῳ· τὰ γὰρ κατὰ χάριν διδόμενα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, ταῦτα θέλουσιν ἴσα τῆς τοῦ διδόντος εἶναι θεότητος. Ἀκού οντες γοῦν υἱοὺς χρηματίζοντας τοὺς ἀνθρώ πους, ἐνόμισαν καὶ ἑαυτοὺς ἴσους εἶναι τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ καὶ φύσει Υἱοῦ· καὶ νῦν πάλιν ἀκούοντες τοῦ Σωτῆ ρος, Ἵνα ὦσιν ἓν, καθὼς καὶ ἡμεῖς, πλανῶσιν ἑαυ τοὺς, καὶ θρασυνόμενοι νομίζουσιν οὕτως ἔσεσθαι ἑαυτοὺς, ὡς ἔστιν ὁ Υἱὸς ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ· οὐχ ὁρῶντες τὸ ἐκ τῆς τοιαύτης οἰήσεως γενόμενον τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῶν τοῦ διαβόλου πτῶμα. Εἰ μὲν οὖν, ὡς πολλάκις εἴπομεν, ὁ αὐτός ἐστιν ἡμῖν ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγος, καὶ οὐδὲν ἡμῶν διαφέ ρει ἡ χρόνῳ· ἔστω ἡμῖν ὅμοιος, καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐχέτω χώραν παρὰ τῷ Πατρὶ, ἣν καὶ ἡμεῖς ἔχομεν· καὶ μήτε μονογενὴς, μήτε μόνος Λόγος, ἢ Σοφία τοῦ Πατρὸς λεγέσθω· ἀλλὰ κοινὸν ἔστω κατὰ πάν των ἡμῶν τῶν ὁμοίων τὸ αὐτὸ ὄνομα. ∆ίκαιον γὰρ, ὧν ἐστι φύσις μία, τούτων εἶναι καὶ τὸ ὄνομα κοι νὸν, κἂν τοῖς χρόνοις ἀλλήλων διαφέρωσιν. Ἄνθρω πος γὰρ ὁ Ἀδὰμ, ἄνθρωπος δὲ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος, ἄνθρωπος δὲ καὶ ὁ νῦν γενόμενος· καὶ οὐχ ὁ χρόνος ἀλλοιοῖ τὴν φύσιν τοῦ γένους. Εἰ τοίνυν καὶ ὁ Λόγος χρόνῳ μόνον ἡμῶν διαφέρει, ἔδει καὶ ἡμᾶς ὡς ἐκεῖ νον εἶναι. Ἀλλ' οὔτε ἡμεῖς Λόγος ἢ Σοφία, οὔτε ἐκεῖνος κτίσμα ἢ ποίημα τυγχάνει ὤν· ἐπεὶ διὰ τί οἱ πάντες ἐκ τοῦ ἑνὸς γεγόναμεν, καὶ μόνος ἐστὶν αὐτὸς Λόγος; Ἀλλὰ γὰρ, εἰ καὶ ἐκείνους λέγειν τοιαῦτα πρέπει, ἀλλ' ἡμῖν ἐνθυμεῖσθαι τὰς ἐκείνων βλασφημίας. Καὶ εἰ δὲ οὐδὲ περιεργάζεσθαί τι τῶν ῥητῶν ἐχρῆν πρὸς τὴν οὕτω φανερὰν καὶ εὐσεβῆ διάνοιαν, καὶ τὴν ἐν ἡμῖν ὀρθὴν πίστιν· ὅμως ἵνα καὶ ἐντεῦθεν δειχθῶσιν ἀσεβεῖς, φέρε συντόμως, ὡς παρὰ τῶν Πατέρων μεμαθήκαμεν, ἐκ τοῦ ῥητοῦ τὴν ἑτεροδοξίαν ἐκείνων ἐλέγξωμεν. Ἔθος τῇ θείᾳ Γραφῇ τὰ κατὰ φύσιν ὄντα πράγματα, ταῦτα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις εἰς εἰκόνας καὶ παραδείγματα λαμβάνειν· τοῦτο δὲ ποιεῖ, ἵν' ἐκ τῶν κατὰ φύσιν ἐκείνων τὰ ἐκ προαιρέσεως φαίνηται τῶν ἀνθρώπων κινήματα· καὶ οὕτως ἢ φαῦλος ἢ δίκαιος ὁ τούτων δείκνυται τρόπος. Ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν φαύλων, ὡς ἐὰν παραγγέλλῃ· Μὴ γίνεσθε ὡς ἵππος καὶ ἡμίονος, οἷς οὐκ ἔστι σύνεσις· ἢ καὶ ὅταν, μεμφόμενος τοὺς οὕτω γενο μένους, λέγῃ· Ἄνθρωπος ἐν τιμῇ ὢν οὐ συνῆκε· παρασυνεβλήθη τοῖς κτήνεσι τοῖς ἀνοήτοις, καὶ ὡμοιώθη αὐτοῖς· καὶ πάλιν· Ἵπποι θηλυμανεῖς ἐγενήθησαν. Καὶ ὁ Σωτὴρ δὲ, τὸν μὲν Ἡρώδην δεικνὺς ὁποῖός ἐστιν, ἔλεγεν· Εἴπατε τῇ ἀλώπεκι ταύτῃ· τοῖς δὲ μαθηταῖς παρήγγελλεν· Ἰδοὺ ἀπο στέλλω ὑμᾶς ὡς πρόβατα ἐν μέσῳ λύκων· γίνε σθε οὖν φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις, καὶ ἀκέραιοι ὡς αἱ περιστεραί. Ἔλεγε δὲ τοῦτο, οὐχ ἵνα τῇ φύσει γε νώμεθα κτήνη, ἢ γενώμεθα ὄφεις καὶ περιστεραί· οὐ γὰρ οὕτως ἡμᾶς αὐτὸς πεποίηκε· διὸ οὐδὲ τοῦτο οἶδεν ἡ φύσις· ἀλλ' ἵν' ἡμεῖς τῶν μὲν τὰς ἀλόγους ὁρμὰς φεύγωμεν, τοῦ δὲ τὸ φρόνιμον ἵνα γινώσκον τες, μὴ ἀπατώμεθα παρ' αὐτοῦ, καὶ τῆς περι στερᾶς τὸ πρᾶον ἀναλάβωμεν. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν θείων πάλιν εἰκόνας τοῖς ἀνθρώ ποις λαμβάνων, φησὶν ὁ Σωτήρ· Γίνεσθε οἰκτίρ μονες, ὡς ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς οἰκτίρ μων ἐστί· καὶ, Ἔσεσθε ὑμεῖς τέλειοι, ὡς ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ οὐράνιος τέλειός ἐστιν. Ἔλεγε δὲ καὶ τοῦτο, οὐχ ἵνα γινώμεθα πάλιν ὡς ὁ Πατήρ· γενέ σθαι γὰρ ἡμᾶς ὡς ὁ Πατὴρ ἀδύνατον, κτίσμα ὄντας, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος εἰς τὸ εἶναι γενομένους· ἀλλ' ὥσπερ οὐχ ἵνα μὴ γενώμεθα κτήνη, παρήγγειλε, Μὴ γίνεσθε ὡς ἵππος, ἵνα δὲ μὴ τὸ ἄλογον ἐκείνων μιμησώμεθα· οὕτως οὐχ ἵνα γενώμεθα ὡς ὁ Θεὸς, ἔλεγε, Γίνεσθε οἰκτίρμονες ὡς ὁ Πατὴρ, ἀλλ' ἵνα πρὸς τὰς εὐεργεσίας ἐκείνου βλέποντες, ἃ ποιοῦμεν καλὰ, μὴ δι' ἀνθρώπους, ἀλλὰ δι' αὐτὸν ποιῶμεν, ὥστε παρ' αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ παρ' ἀνθρώπων τὸν μισθὸν ἔχειν. Ὡς γὰρ ἑνὸς ὄντος Υἱοῦ φύσει, καὶ ἀληθινοῦ, καὶ μονογενοῦς, γινόμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖς υἱοὶ, οὐχ ὡς ἐκεῖ νος φύσει καὶ ἀληθείᾳ, ἀλλὰ κατὰ χάριν τοῦ καλέ σαντος· καὶ ἄνθρωποι τυγχάνοντες ἀπὸ γῆς, θεοὶ χρη ματίζομεν, οὐχ ὡς ὁ ἀληθινὸς Θεὸς, ἢ ὁ τούτου Λόγος, ἀλλ' ὡς ἠθέλησεν ὁ τοῦτο χαρισάμενος Θεός· οὕτω καὶ ὡς ὁ Θεὸς οἰκτίρμονες γινόμεθα, οὐκ ἐξισούμενοι τῷ Θεῷ, οὐδὲ φύσει καὶ ἀληθινοὶ εὐεργέ ται γινόμενοι· οὐ γὰρ ἡμῶν εὕρεμα τὸ εὐεργετεῖν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ· ἵνα δὲ τὰ παρ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ κατὰ χάριν εἰς ἡμᾶς γενόμενα, ταῦτα καὶ ἡμεῖς μεταδι δῶμεν εἰς ἑτέρους, μὴ διακρινόμενοι, ἁπλῶς δὲ εἰς πάντας ἐκτείνοντες τὴν εὐποιίαν· κατὰ τοῦτο γὰρ μόνον δυνάμεθά πως αὐτοῦ μιμηταὶ γενέσθαι, καὶ οὐκ ἄλλως, ὅτι τὰ παρ' αὐτοῦ διακονοῦμεν ἀλλή λοις. Ὥσπερ δὲ ταῦτα καλῶς καὶ ὀρθῶς διανοούμεθα, οὕτω καὶ τὸ κατὰ Ἰωάννην ἀνάγνωσμα τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχει διάνοιαν. Οὐ γὰρ ὡς ἔστιν ὁ Υἱὸς ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, οὕτως ἵνα καὶ ἡμεῖς γενώμεθά φησι· πόθεν, ὅπου γε ὁ μὲν Λόγος καὶ σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐκ γῆς ἐπλάσθημεν, καὶ ὁ μὲν φύσει καὶ τῇ οὐσίᾳ Λόγος καὶ Θεὸς ἀληθινός ἐστιν· οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ὁ Ἰωάννης φησίν· Οἴδαμεν, ὅτι ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ ἥκει, καὶ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν διάνοιαν, ἵνα γινώσκωμεν τὸν ἀληθινὸν Θεόν· καί ἐσμεν ἐν τῷ ἀληθινῷ, ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ αὐτοῦ, Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ· οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἀλη θινὸς Θεὸς, καὶ ἡ ζωὴ ἡ αἰώνιος· ἡμεῖς δὲ θέσει καὶ χάριτι υἱοποιούμεθα δι' αὐτοῦ, μετέχοντες τοῦ Πνεύματος αὐτοῦ; Ὅσοι γὰρ, φησὶν, ἔλαβον αὐτὸν, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τέκνα Θεοῦ γενέσθαι, τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ. ∆ιὸ καὶ αὐ τὸς μὲν ἔστιν ἡ ἀλήθεια, λέγων· Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀλή θεια· ὅτε καὶ τῷ Πατρὶ αὐτοῦ προσομιλῶν ἔλε γεν· Ἁγίασον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ σου· ὁ Λόγος ὁ σὸς ἀλήθειά ἐστιν· ἡμεῖς δὲ κατὰ μίμησιν γινόμεθα ἐνάρετοι καὶ υἱοί. Οὐκοῦν οὐχ ἵνα ὡς αὐτὸς γινώμεθα, ἔλε γεν, Ἵνα ὦσιν ἓν, καθὼς καὶ ἡμεῖς, ἀλλ' ἵνα ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνος Λόγος ὢν ἔστιν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ Πατρὶ, οὕτως ἵνα καὶ ἡμεῖς, τύπον τινὰ λαβόντες, καὶ εἰς ἐκεῖνον βλέ ποντες, γενώμεθα ἓν πρὸς ἀλλήλους τῇ ὁμοψυχίᾳ, καὶ τῇ τοῦ πνεύματος ἑνότητι, μὴ διαφωνῶμέν τε, ὡς οἱ Κορίνθιοι, τὸ αὐτὸ δὲ φρονῶμεν, ὡς οἱ ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσι πεντακισχίλιοι, οἵτινες ὡς εἷς ἐτύγχανον ὄντες. Ὡς γὰρ υἱοὶ, οὐχ ὡς ὁ Υἱός· καὶ θεοὶ, οὐχ ὡς αὐτός· καὶ οἰκτίρμονες ὡς ὁ Πατὴρ, οὐχ ὡς ὁ Πατήρ. Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ εἴρηται, οὕτω γινόμενοι ἓν, καθ ὼς ὁ Πατὴρ καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς, οὐχ οὕτως ἐσόμεθα, ὡς ἔστι φύσει ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ, καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, ἀλλ' ὡς ἔχομεν φύσεως, καὶ δυνατὸν ἡμῖν ἐστιν ἐκεῖ θεν τυπωθῆναι καὶ μαθεῖν, πῶς ὀφείλομεν ἓν γενέ σθαι, ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ οἰκτείρειν ἐμάθομεν. Τὰ γὰρ ὅμοια πρὸς τὰ ὅμοια πέφυκε τὴν ἕνωσιν ἔχειν· ἐπειδὴ καὶ πᾶσα σὰρξ κατὰ γένος συνάγεται. Ἡμῶν μὲν οὖν ἀνόμοιός ἐστιν ὁ Λόγος, τοῦ δὲ Πατρὸς ὅμοιος· διὰ τοῦτο ἐκεῖνος μὲν ἔστι φύσει καὶ ἀληθείᾳ ἓν μετὰ τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ Πατρός· ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀλλήλων ὄντες ὁμογενεῖς (ἐκ γὰρ ἑνὸς οἱ πάντες γεγόναμεν, καὶ μία πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἡ φύσις, ἓν πρὸς ἀλλή λους τῇ διαθέσει γινόμεθα, ἔχοντες ὑπογραμμὸν τὴν τοῦ Υἱοῦ πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα φυσικὴν ἑνότητα· καθά περ γὰρ τὴν πραότητα ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ ἐδίδασκε λέγων· Μάθετε ἀπ' ἐμοῦ, ὅτι πρᾶός εἰμι καὶ ταπεινὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ· οὐχ ἵνα ἐξισωθῶμεν αὐτῷ· ἀδύνατον γάρ· ἀλλ' ἵνα βλέποντες εἰς ἐκεῖνον διαμείνωμεν πρᾶοι διὰ παντός· οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα θέλων ἡμᾶς ἀληθῆ καὶ βεβαίαν καὶ ἀδιάλυτον τὴν διάθεσιν ἔχειν πρὸς ἀλλή λους, ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ λαμβάνει τὸ παράδειγμα, καί φησιν· Ἵνα ὦσιν ἓν, καθὼς καὶ ἡμεῖς· ἀδιαίρετος δέ ἐστιν ἡ ἐν ἡμῖν ἑνότης· οὕτως ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ μα θόντες ἐξ ἡμῶν τὴν ἀδιαίρετον φύσιν, οὕτω καὶ τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους συμφωνίαν διαφυλάττωσιν· ἀσφαλε στέρα δὲ ἡ μίμησις ἐκ τῶν κατὰ φύσιν λαμβάνεται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, ὥσπερ εἴρηται. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ταῦτα μὲν μένει, καὶ οὔποτε μεταβάλλεται, ὁ δὲ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τρόπος εὐμετάβλητος τυγχάνει· δύναται, πρὸς τὸ ἀμετάβλητον τῇ φύσει βλέπων, τὰ μὲν φαῦλα φεύγειν, ἐν δὲ τοῖς βελτίστοις ἑαυτὸν ἀνατυ ποῦν. Καὶ γὰρ οὕτω καὶ τὸ λεγόμενον, Ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐν ἡμῖν ἓν ὦσιν, ὀρθὴν πάλιν ἔχει τὴν διάνοιαν. Εἰ γοῦν δυνατὸν ἦν γενέσθαι ἡμᾶς ὡς ὁ Υἱὸς ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, ἔδει λέγειν, Ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐν σοὶ ἓν ὦσιν, ὥσπερ ἐστὶν ὁ Υἱὸς ἐν τῷ Πατρί· νῦν δὲ τοῦ το μὲν οὐκ εἴρηκε· λέγων δὲ τὸ, ἐν ἡμῖν, ἔδειξε τὴν διάστασιν καὶ τὴν διαφοράν· ὅτι αὐτὸς μὲν μόνος ἐν μόνῳ τῷ Πατρί ἐστιν, ὡς μόνος Λόγος καὶ Σοφία, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐν Υἱῷ, καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ τῷ Πατρί. Τοῦτο δὲ λέγων, οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἐσήμανεν, ἢ ὅτι τῇ ἡμῶν ἑνότητι γένοιντο καὶ αὐτοὶ ἓν πρὸς ἀλλήλους οὕτως, ὡς ἡμεῖς ἕν ἐσμεν φύσει καὶ ἀληθείᾳ ἄλλως δὲ οὐκ ἂν γένοιντο ἓν, εἰ μὴ ἐν ἡμῖν μάθωσι τὴν ἑνότητα· καὶ ὅτι τὸ, ἐν ἡμῖν, ταύτην ἔχει τὴν ση μασίαν, ἀκοῦσαι Παύλου λέγοντος ἔστι· Ταῦτα δὲ μετεσχημάτισα εἰς ἐμαυτὸν καὶ Ἀπολλὼ, ἵνα ἐν ἡμῖν μάθητε τὸ μὴ ὑπὲρ ἃ γέγραπται φυσιοῦσθαι. Τὸ ἄρα, ἐν ἡμῖν, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, ὡς ἔστιν ὁ Υἱὸς ἐν αὐτῷ, ἀλλὰ παράδειγμα καὶ εἰκὼν, ἀντὶ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, Ἐξ ἡμῶν μαθέτωσαν. Ὡς γὰρ ὁ Παῦλος τοῖς Κορινθίοις, οὕτως ἡ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἑνότης, τοῖς πᾶσιν ὑπογραμμὸς καὶ μάθησίς ἐστι, καθ' ἣν δύνανται μανθάνειν, βλέποντες εἰς τὴν κατὰ φύσιν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, πῶς καὶ αὐτοὶ ὀφείλουσιν ἓν πρὸς ἀλλήλους γίνεσθαι τῷ φρονήματι. Εἰ δὲ δεῖ καὶ ἑτέρως ἀπολογήσασθαι περὶ τοῦ ῥητοῦ, δύναται πάλιν τὸ, ἐν ἡμῖν, ἴσον εἶναι τῷ λέγειν, τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ἵνα ἓν γένωνται, τὸ αὐτὸ λέγοντες· ἄνευ γὰρ Θεοῦ τοῦτο γενέσθαι ἀδύνατον· καὶ τοῦτο πάλιν ἔστιν εὑρεῖν ἐν τοῖς θείοις λόγοις, ὡς τὸ, Ἐν τῷ Θεῷ ποιήσομεν δύναμιν, καὶ, Ἐν σοὶ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἡμῶν κερα τιοῦμεν. Οὐκοῦν δῆλον, ὅτι ἐν ὀνόματι Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ δυνάμεθα, τὸ ἓν γενόμενοι, βέβαιον ἔχειν τῆς ἀγά πης τὸν σύνδεσμον. Πάλιν γὰρ, τὴν αὐτὴν διάνοιαν ἐπεκτείνων, φησὶν ὁ Κύριος· Κἀγὼ τὴν δόξαν, ἣν δέδωκάς μοι, δέδωκα αὐτοῖς, ἵνα ὦσιν ἓν, καθὼς ἡμεῖς ἕν. Καλῶς καὶ ἐνταῦθα οὐκ εἶπεν, ἵνα ὦσιν ἐν σοὶ, ὡς κἀγώ εἰμι· ἀλλὰ, καθὼς ἡμεῖς, εἶπεν· ὁ δὲ λέγων, καθὼς, οὐ ταυτότητα δείκνυσιν, ἀλλ' εἰκόνα καὶ παράδειγμα τοῦ λεγομένου. Ὁ μὲν οὖν Λόγος τὴν ὄντως καὶ ἀληθῶς ταυ τότητα τῆς φύσεως τῷ Πατρὶ ἔχει· ἡμῖν δὲ ἄρα τὸ μιμεῖσθαι πρόσεστιν, ὥσπερ εἴρηται· καὶ γὰρ εὐθὺς ἐπήγαγε, λέγων· Ἐγὼ ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ σὺ ἐν ἐμοὶ, ἵνα ὦσι τετελειωμένοι εἰς ἕν. Ἐνταῦθα λοι πὸν μεῖζόν τι καὶ τελειότερον περὶ ἡμῶν ὁ Κύ ριος αἰτεῖ, δῆλον γὰρ, ὡς ἐν ἡμῖν γέγονεν ὁ Λόγος τὸ γὰρ ἡμέτερον ἐνεδύσατο σῶμα. Καὶ σὺ δὲ ἐν ἐμοὶ, Πάτερ· σοῦ γάρ εἰμι Λόγος, καὶ ἐπειδὴ σὺ μὲν ἐν ἐμοὶ, ὅτι σοῦ Λόγος εἰμὶ, ἐγὼ δὲ ἐν αὐτοῖς διὰ τὸ σῶμα, καὶ διὰ σὲ τετελείωται ἐν ἐμοὶ τῶν ἀν θρώπων ἡ σωτηρία, ἐρωτῶ ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ γένωνται ἓν, κατὰ τὸ ἐν ἐμοὶ σῶμα, καὶ κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ τελείω σιν· ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ γένωνται τέλειοι, ἔχοντες πρὸς τοῦτο τὴν ἑνότητα, καὶ εἰς αὐτὸ ἓν γενόμενοι· ἵνα, ὡς ἂν πάντες φορεσθέντες παρ' ἐμοῦ, πάντες ὦσιν ἓν σῶμα καὶ ἓν πνεῦμα, καὶ εἰς ἄνδρα τέλειον κατ αντήσωσιν. Οἱ γὰρ πάντες, ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ μεταλαμ βάνοντες, ἓν γινόμεθα σῶμα, τὸν ἕνα Κύριον ἔχοντες ἐν ἑαυτοῖς. Ταύτην ἔχοντος τοῦ ῥητοῦ τὴν διάνοιαν, μᾶλλον ἐλέγχεται ἡ ἀλλοδοξία τῶν χριστο μάχων· πάλιν γὰρ ἐπαναλαμβάνων φημί· Εἰ μὲν ἀπλῶς καὶ ἀπολελυμένως εἴρηκεν, Ἵνα ὦσιν ἐν σοὶ ἒν, ἢ, Ἵνα αὐτοὶ κἀγὼ ἐν σοὶ ἓν ὦμεν, εἶχον κἂν ἀναίσχυντον πρόφασιν οἱ θεομάχοι· νῦν δὲ οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ, Καθὼς σὺ, Πάτερ, ἐν ἐμοὶ, κἀγὼ ἐν σοὶ, ἵνα πάντες ἓν ὦσι. Λέγων δὲ πάλιν, καθὼς, πόῤῥωθεν δείκνυσι τοὺς γινομένους, ὡς αὐ τός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, πόῤῥωθεν δέ ἐστιν, οὐ τόπῳ, ἀλλὰ τῇ φύσει· οὐδὲν γὰρ τόπῳ μακρὰν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ μόνῃ τῇ φύσει πάντα μακράν ἐστιν αὐ τοῦ· καὶ, καθὰ προεῖπον, οὐ ταυτότητα, οὐδὲ ἰσότητα δείκνυσιν ὁ λέγων τὸ, καθὼς, ἐπίῤῥημα, ἀλλὰ παρά δειγμα τοῦ λεγομένου κατά τι θεωρούμενον. Καὶ τοῦτο πάλιν παρ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἔστι μαθεῖν λέγοντος· Καθὼς γὰρ ἦν Ἰωνᾶς ἐν τῇ κοι λίᾳ τοῦ κήτους τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ τρεῖς νύκτας, οὕτως ἔσται καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐν τῇ καρ δίᾳ τῆς γῆς. Οὔτε δὲ Ἰωνᾶς ἦν ὥσπερ ὁ Σωτὴρ, οὔτε Ἰωνᾶς εἰς τὸν ᾅδην κατῆλθεν· οὔτε τὸ κῆτος ἦν ὁ ᾅδης· ἀλλ' οὐδὲ καταποθεὶς ὁ Ἰωνᾶς, ἀνήγαγε τοὺς προκαταποθέντας ὑπὸ τοῦ κήτους, ἀλλὰ μόνος προσταχθέντος τοῦ κήτους ἐξῆλθεν. Οὐκοῦν οὐδεμία ταυτότης οὐδὲ ἰσότης ἐν τῇ, καθὼς, λέξει σημαίνε ται, ἀλλὰ ἄλλο μὲν καὶ ἄλλο· ὁμοιότητα δέ πως δείκνυσι τοῦ Ἰωνᾶ διὰ τὸ τριήμερον. Οὕτως ἄρα καὶ ἡμεῖς, λέγοντος τοῦ Κυρίου, καθὼς, οὔτε ὡς ὁ Υἱὸς γινόμεθα ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, οὔτε ὡς ὁ Πατήρ ἐστιν ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ, οὕτω γινόμεθα. Ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ, καθὼς ὁ Πατὴρ καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς, οὕτω γινόμεθα ἒν τῷ φρονήματι καὶ τῇ τοῦ πνεύματος συμφωνίᾳ· ὁ δὲ Σωτὴρ, καθὼς Ἰωνᾶς, ἔσται ἐν τῇ γῇ· ὥσπερ δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν Ἰωνᾶς ὁ Σωτὴρ, οὐδὲ ὡς ἐκεῖνος κατεπόθη, οὕτω καὶ ὁ Κύριος κατῆλθεν εἰς τὸν ᾅδην· ἀλλὰ ἄλλο καὶ ἄλλο ἐστίν. Οὕτως ἐὰν καὶ ἡμεῖς γενώμεθα ἓν, καθὼς ὁ Υἱὸς ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, οὐκ ἐσόμεθα ὥσπερ ὁ Υἱὸς, οὐδὲ ἴσοι αὐτῷ· ἄλλο γὰρ καὶ ἄλλο ἐσμέν· διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ ἐφ' ἡμῶν τὸ, καθὼς, πρόκειται, ἐπὶ τὰ μὴ κατὰ φύ σιν ὄντα πρὸς ἄλλο τι βλέποντα γίνεται ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνα. Ὅθεν αὐτὸς μὲν ὁ Υἱὸς, ἁπλῶς καὶ χωρὶς συμπλοκῆς τινός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ Πατρί· φύσει γὰρ ὑπάρχει τοῦτ' αὐτῷ· ἡμεῖς δὲ, οὐκ ἔχοντες τὸ κατὰ φύσιν, δεόμεθα εἰκόνος καὶ παραδείγματος, ἵνα περὶ ἡμῶν εἴπῃ· Καθὼς σὺ ἐν ἐμοὶ, κἀγὼ ἐν σοί. Ὅταν δὲ, φησὶν, οὗτοι τελειωθῶσιν οὕτω, τότε γινώσκει ὁ κόσμος, ὅτι σύ με ἀπέστειλας· εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἤμην ἐλθὼν καὶ φορέσας τὸ τούτων σῶμα, οὐδεὶς ἂν αὐτῶν ἐτελειώθη, ἀλλ' ἔμενον οἱ πάντες φθαρτοί. Ἐνέργησον τοίνυν ἐν αὐτοῖς, Πάτερ· καὶ ὥσπερ δέ δωκάς μοι τοῦτο φορέσαι, δὸς αὐτοῖς τὸ Πνεῦμά σου, ἵνα καὶ οὗτοι ἐν τούτῳ ἓν γένωνται, καὶ τελειω θῶσιν ἐν ἐμοί. Ἡ γὰρ τούτων τελείωσις δείκνυσιν ἐπιδημίαν γεγενῆσθαι τοῦ σοῦ Λόγου· καὶ ὁ κόσμος δὲ, βλέπων τούτους τελείους καὶ θεοφορουμένους, πιστεύσει πάντως, ὅτι σύ με ἀπέστειλας, καὶ ἐπεδή μησα. Πόθεν γὰρ τούτοις ἡ τελείωσις, εἰ μὴ ἐγὼ ὁ σὸς Λόγος, τὸ σῶμα τούτων λαβὼν, ἐγενόμην ἄνθρω πος, καὶ ἐτελείωσα τὸ ἔργον ὃ δέδωκάς μοι, Πάτερ; Τετελείωται δὲ τὸ ἔργον, ὅτι, λυτρωθέντες ἀπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας οἱ ἄνθρωποι, οὐκέτι μένουσι νε κροί· ἀλλὰ καὶ θεοποιηθέντες ἔχουσιν, ἐν ἡμῖν βλέποντες, ἐν ἀλλήλοις τὸν σύνδεσμον τῆς ἀγάπης. Ἡμεῖς μὲν οὖν, ὅσον αὐτὰς τὰς λέξεις τοῦ ῥη τοῦ δυνατὸν ἦν ἁπλούστερον θεωρῆσαι, ταῦτα διὰ πολλῶν εἰρήκαμεν· ὁ δὲ μακάριος Ἰωάννης ἐκ τῆς Ἐπιστολῆς ἐν ὀλίγοις καὶ τελειώτερον μᾶλλον ἡμῶν δείξει τῶν γεγραμμένων τὸν νοῦν, καὶ διελέγξει μὲν τὴν τῶν ἀσεβῶν διάνοιαν, διδάξει δὲ πῶς τε ἡμεῖς ἐν τῷ Θεῷ γινόμεθα, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ἡμῖν· καὶ πῶς πάλιν ἡμεῖς μὲν ἐν αὐτῷ γινόμεθα ἓν, πό σον δὲ διέστηκε τὴν φύσιν ὁ Υἱὸς ἀφ' ἡμῶν· καὶ παύσει λοιπὸν τοὺς Ἀρειανοὺς μηκέτι νομίζειν ἑαυ τοὺς ἔσεσθαι ὡς τὸν Υἱὸν, ἵνα μὴ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀκού σωσι· Σὺ δὲ εἶ ἄνθρωπος καὶ οὐ Θεός· καὶ, Μὴ συμπαρεκτείνου πένης ὢν πλουσίῳ. Γράφει τοί νυν ὁ Ἰωάννης οὕτω λέγων· Ἐν τούτῳ γινώσκομεν, ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ μένομεν, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν ἡμῖν, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ Πνεύματος αὐτοῦ δέδωκεν ἡμῖν. Οὐκ οῦν διὰ τὴν δεδομένην ἡμῖν τοῦ Πνεύματος χάριν ἡμεῖς τε ἐν αὐτῷ γινόμεθα, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν ἡμῖν· καὶ ἐπειδὴ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστι, διὰ τούτου γινομέ νου ἐν ἡμῖν εἰκότως καὶ ἡμεῖς, ἔχοντες τὸ Πνεῦμα, νομιζόμεθα ἐν τῷ Θεῷ γενέσθαι· καὶ οὕτως ἐστὶν ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ἡμῖν. Οὐκ ἄρα ὡς ἔστιν ὁ Υἱὸς ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς γινόμεθα ἐν τῷ Πατρί· οὐ γὰρ καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς μετέχων ἐστὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος, ἵνα διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ γένηται· οὐδὲ λαμβάνων ἐστὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον αὐτὸς τοῖς πᾶσι τοῦτο χορηγεῖ· καὶ οὐ τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸν Λόγον συνάπτει τῷ Πατρὶ, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον τὸ Πνεῦμα παρὰ τοῦ Λόγου λαμβάνει. Καὶ ὁ μὲν Υἱὸς ἐν τῷ Πατρί ἐστιν, ὡς Λόγος ἴδιος καὶ ἀπαύγασμα αὐτοῦ· ἡμεῖς δὲ χωρὶς μὲν τοῦ Πνεύματος ξένοι καὶ μακράν ἐσμεν τοῦ Θεοῦ· τῇ δὲ τοῦ Πνεύματος μετοχῇ συναπτόμεθα τῇ θεό τητι· ὥστε τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ μὴ ἡμέτερον εἶναι, ἀλλὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ ἐν ἡμῖν ὄντος καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν μένοντος, ἕως αὐτὸ τῇ ὁμολογίᾳ φυλάττομεν ἐν ἡμῖν, λέγοντος πάλιν τοῦ Ἰωάννου· Ὃς ἂν ὁμολογήσῃ, ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ Θεὸς ἐν αὐτῷ μένει, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ Θεῷ. Ποία τοίνυν ὁμοιότης καὶ ποία ἰσότης ἡμῶν πρὸς τὸν Υἱόν; Ἢ πῶς οὐκ ἐλέγχονται πανταχόθεν οἱ Ἀρειανοὶ, καὶ μάλιστα παρὰ τοῦ Ἰωάννου, ὅτι ἄλλως μὲν ὁ Υἱός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, ἄλλως δὲ ἡμεῖς ἐν αὐτῷ γινόμεθα· καὶ οὔτε ἡμεῖς ὡς ἐκεῖνος ἐσό μεθά ποτε, οὔτε ὁ Λόγος ὡς ἡμεῖς τυγχάνει ὢν, εἰ μὴ ἄρα τολμήσουσιν, ὡς ἐν πᾶσι, καὶ νῦν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς μετοχῇ τοῦ Πνεύματος καὶ βελτιώσει πράξεως γέγονε καὶ αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ Πατρί. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο πάλιν ὑπερλίαν ἐστὶν ἀσεβὲς κἂν ὅλως εἰς ἐνθύμησιν λαβεῖν. Αὐτὸς γὰρ, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, τῷ Πνεύματι δίδωσι, καὶ ὅσα ἔχει τὸ Πνεῦμα παρὰ τοῦ Λόγου ἔχει. Οὐκοῦν ὁ Σωτὴρ λέγων περὶ ἡμῶν τὸ, Καθὼς σὺ, Πάτερ, ἐν ἐμοὶ, κἀγὼ ἐν σοὶ, ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐν ἡμῖν ἓν ὦσιν, οὐ τὴν ταυτότητα ἡμᾶς αὐτῷ μέλ λοντας ἔχειν σημαίνει· ἐδείχθη γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ κατὰ τὸν Ἰωνᾶν παραδείγματος καὶ τοῦτο· ἀλλὰ ἀξίωσίς ἐστι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, ὡς ὁ Ἰωάννης ἔγραψεν, ἵνα τὸ Πνεῦμα χαρίσηται δι' αὐτοῦ τοῖς πιστεύουσι, δι' οὗ καὶ δοκοῦμεν ἐν τῷ Θεῷ γίνεσθαι, καὶ κατὰ τοῦτο συνάπτεσθαι ἐν αὐτῷ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὁ Λόγος ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, τὸ δὲ Πνεῦμα ἐκ τοῦ Λόγου δίδοται, θέλει λαβεῖν ἡμᾶς τὸ Πνεῦμα, ἵνα, ὅταν ἐκεῖνο λάβωμεν, τότε ἔχοντες τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Λόγου τοῦ ὄντος ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, δόξωμεν καὶ ἡμεῖς διὰ τὸ Πνεῦμα ἓν γίνεσθαι ἐν τῷ Λόγῳ, καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ τῷ Πατρί. Τὸ δὲ, ὡς ἡμεῖς, ἐὰν λέγῃ, οὐδὲν ἕτερον πάλιν ἐστὶν, ἢ ἵνα ἡ γινομένη τοιαύτη τοῦ Πνεύματος χάρις εἰς τοὺς μαθητὰς ἀδιάπτωτος καὶ ἀμεταμέλητος γέ νηται. Τὸ γὰρ κατὰ φύσιν, ὡς προεῖπον, ὑπάρχον τῷ Λόγῳ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, τοῦτο ἡμῖν ἀμεταμελήτως διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος δοθῆναι βούλεται· ὅπερ ὁ Ἀπόστολος γιγνώσκων, ἔλεγε· Τίς ἡμᾶς χωρίσει ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγά πης τοῦ Χριστοῦ; Ἀμεταμέλητα γὰρ τὰ χαρίσματα τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ ἡ χάρις τῆς κλήσεως. Τὸ ἄρα Πνεῦμά ἐστι τὸ ἐν τῷ Θεῷ τυγχάνον, καὶ οὐχ ἡμεῖς καθ' ἑαυτούς· καὶ ὥσπερ υἱοὶ καὶ θεοὶ διὰ τὸν ἐν ἡμῖν Λόγον, οὕτως ἐν τῷ Υἱῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ Πα τρὶ ἐσόμεθα, καὶ νομισθησόμεθα ἐν Υἱῷ καὶ ἐν Πα τρὶ ἓν γεγενῆσθαι διὰ τὸ ἐν ἡμῖν εἶναι Πνεῦμα, ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ Λόγῳ τῷ ὄντι ἐν τῷ Πατρί. Ὅτε γοῦν ἐκπίπτει τις ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματος διά τινα κακίαν, ἡ μὲν χάρις ἀμεταμέλητος διαμένει τοῖς βουλομένοις, κἄν τις ἐκπεσὼν μετανοῇ· οὐκέτι δὲ ἐν τῷ Θεῷ ἐστιν ἐκεῖνος ὁ πεσὼν, διὰ τὸ ἀποστῆναι ἀπ' αὐτοῦ τὸ ἐν τῷ Θεῷ ἅγιον καὶ παράκλητον Πνεῦμα, ἀλλ' ἐν ἐκείνῳ ἔσται ᾧ ἑαυτὸν ὑπέταξεν ὁ ἁμαρτάνων, ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ Σαοὺλ γέγονεν· ἀπέστη γὰρ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἔθλιβεν αὐτὸν πνεῦμα πονηρόν. Ταῦτα ἀκούοντας τοὺς θεομάχους ἔδει λοιπὸν ἐντρέπεσθαι, καὶ μηκέτι ἑαυτοὺς ἀναπλάπτειν ἴσα Θεῷ. Οὔτε δὲ νοοῦσιν· Ὁ γὰρ ἀσεβὴς, φησὶν, οὐ νοεῖ γνῶσιν· οὔτε λόγων εὐσεβῶν ἀνέχονται· βαρεῖς γὰρ αὐτοῖς εἰσι καὶ λεγόμενοι.