its fruit for three years will be unpurified for you. It shall not be eaten, and in the fourth year all its fruit shall be holy to the Lord. But in the fifth year, you shall eat its fruit. The paradise is the Mosaic writing, abounding, like certain manifold and beautiful plants, with the most beautiful and various ordinances. And God commands to remove the impurity of each plant; that is, the corporeal and sensible aspect of each law. For this is an impurity to the spiritual husbandmen, as it is both useless and harmful. For to these is the word addressed. Therefore, the three years during which the fruit of the plants was unpurified are the three periods: that according to Moses, that according to Jesus son of Nave, that according to the judges, during which the fruit of the laws was not manifest; that is, its hidden and spiritually understood meaning, being covered by the density of the history and by the shadow. But the fourth year is the time of the proph 77.1248 ets, during which the declared fruit became holy to the Lord, henceforth being referred to Christ, through the testimony of the prophetic voices. But the fifth year is the fifth period, during which Christ became man, as has been shown above. For from then on, the veil having been removed, we the faithful partake usefully of the fruit of the Mosaic legislation. FROM THE BOOK OF JOSHUA SON OF NAVE Gibeon is the lofty mind; but the valley, the flesh humbled by death; and the sun is the word that enlightens the mind and supplies it with the power of contemplation, and delivers it from all ignorance; but the moon is the natural law, that is, natural discernment, moderately illuminating and persuading the flesh to be subject to the soul. For the moon is a symbol of nature, because of its changeableness. Whoever, therefore, through a pious life arrays himself against the invisible enemies, becomes a Jesus son of Nave; and prays for the sun to stand still for him, as has been said, over Gibeon, and the moon over the valley; that is, to remain with him for the destruction of the strongholds of wickedness, and the annihilation of the enemies. Just as after the death of Moses, Jesus the son of Nave took over the leadership; so after the death of the legal letter, Jesus the Christ took over the leadership of the new people; and just as with knives of stone, through the firm word of his commandments he circumcised this people's relation to sensible things, and prepared it to cross the flowing and unstable current of the present life, without being wet, that is, without being entangled in it; carrying the ark placed upon the shoulders of the virtues; I mean, the knowledge receptive of the divine mysteries. OF THE FIRST OF KINGS. Concerning Saul and David. The old law, taken according to the letter alone, is Saul, reprehensible, since it is shaken by countless contradictions, and having no agreement with itself. But when the harp of David resounds for it, that is, the wisdom of the hidden spirit; that is, the spiritual sense; it is immediately sobered, the evil spirit of contradiction being driven away. And I will give, he says, the kingdom to your neighbor, who is better than you. For just as David was a neighbor to Saul, as he himself was also anointed king; so also the spirit was a neighbor to the letter in the law, as it was hidden under it. To which, therefore, power has been given, the law taken according to the letter having been extinguished, but that which is understood according to the spirit having shone forth; who was also better than that one, inasmuch as the intelligible things are much more beautiful than the sensible ones, and than the
καρπὸς αὐτοῦ τρία ἔτη ἔσται ὑμῖν ἀπερικάθαρτος. Οὐ βρωθήσεται, καὶ τῷ ἔτει τῷ τετάρτῳ ἔσται πᾶς ὁ καρπὸς αὐτοῦ ἅγιος τῷ Κυρίῳ. Ἐν δὲ τῷ πέμπτῳ ἔτει, φάγεσθε τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ. Ὁ παράδεισος μὲν ἡ Μωσαϊκὴ συγγραφὴ, καθάπερ τισὶ φυτοῖς πολυειδέσι καὶ ὡραίοις βρύουσα τοῖς καλλίστοις καὶ ποικίλοις νομοθετήμασι. Κελεύει δὲ ὁ Θεὸς περιελεῖν τὴν ἑκάστου φυτοῦ ἀκαθαρσίαν· τοῦτ' ἔστι, τὸ ἑκάστου νόμου σωματικόν τε καὶ αἰσθητόν. Ἀκαθαρσία γὰρ τοῦτο τοῖς πνευματικοῖς φυτοκόμοις, ὡς ἄχρηστόν τε καὶ βλαβερόν. Πρὸς τούτους γὰρ ὁ λόγος. Τρία μὲν οὖν ἔτη, καθ' οὓς ἦν ὁ καρπὸς τῶν φυτῶν ἀπερικάθαρτος, οἱ τρεῖς καιροί· ὁ κατὰ Μωσέα, ὁ κατὰ τὸν Ἰησοῦν τοῦ Ναυῆ, ὁ κατὰ τοὺς κριτὰς, καθ' οὓς ἦν ὁ καρπὸς τῶν νόμων ἀσυμφανής· ἤτοι τὸ κεκρυμμένον αὐτοῦ, καὶ πνευματικῶς νοούμενον, τῷ πάχει τῆς ἱστορίας καὶ τῇ σκιᾷ καλυπτόμενον. Τέταρτον δὲ ἔτος ὁ καιρὸς τῶν προφη 77.1248 τῶν, καθ' ὃν ὁ δηλωθεὶς καρπὸς ἅγιος γέγονε τῷ Κυρίῳ, λοιπὸν ἀναφερόμενος εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν, διὰ τῆς μαρτυρίας τῶν προφητικῶν φωνῶν. Πέμπτον δὲ ἕτος, ὁ πέμπτος καιρός· καθ' ὃν ὁ Χριστὸς ἐνηνθρώπησεν, ὡς ἀνωτέρω δεδήλωται. Ἔκτοτε γὰρ περιαιρεθέντος τοῦ καλύμματος, μεταλαμβάνομεν οἱ πιστοὶ χρησίμως τοῦ καρποῦ τῆς Μωσαϊκῆς νομοθεσίας. ΕΚ ΤΗΣ ΒΙΒΛΟΥ ΙΗΣΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΝΑΥΗ Γαβαὼ μὲν ἔστιν ὁ ὑψηλὸς νοῦς· φάραγξ δὲ, ἡ τῷ θανάτῳ ταπεινωθεῖσα σάρξ· καὶ ὁ ἥλιος μὲν, ὁ φωτίζων τὸν νοῦν λόγος καὶ χορηγῶν αὐτῷ θεωρημάτων δύναμιν, καὶ πάσης ἀγνοίας ἀπαλλάττων· σελήνη δὲ ὁ φυσικὸς νόμος, ἤγουν ἡ φυσικὴ διάκρισις, μετρίως φωτίζουσα καὶ πείθουσα τὴν σάρκα ὑποταγῆναι τῇ ψυχῇ. Φύσεως γὰρ σύμβολον ἡ σελήνη, διὰ τὸ τρεπτόν. Ὅστις γοῦν δι' εὐσεβοῦς πολιτείας παρατάσσεται πρὸς τοὺς ἀοράτους ἐχθροὺς, Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυῆ γίνεται· καὶ εὔχεται στῆναι αὐτῷ τὸν μὲν ἥλιον, ὡς εἴρηται, κατὰ Γαβαὼ, τὴν δὲ σελήνην κατὰ φάραγγα· τοῦτ' ἔστι, παραμεῖναι αὐτῷ πρὸς καθαίρεσιν τῶν τῆς κακίας ὀχυρωμάτων, καὶ ἀναίρεσιν τῶν πολεμίων. Ὥσπερ μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν Μωσέως Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυῆ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν παρέλαβεν· οὕτω μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦ νομικοῦ γράμματος, Ἰησοῦς ὁ Χριστὸς τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τοῦ νέου λαοῦ παρέλαβε· καὶ ὥσπερ διὰ τῶν πετρίνων μαχαιρῶν, διὰ τοῦ στεῤῥοῦ λόγου τῶν ἐντολῶν αὐτοῦ περιέτεμε τούτου τὴν πρὸς τὰ αἰσθητὰ σχέσιν, καὶ παρεσκεύασεν αὐτὸν διαπεράσαι τὸ ῥέον καὶ ἄστατον τοῦ παρόντος βίου, μὴ βραχέντα, τοῦτ ἔστι, μὴ ἐνσχεθέντα τούτῳ· τοῖς ὤμοις δὲ τῶν ἀρετῶν ἐπικειμένην φέροντα τὴν κιβωτόν· λέγω δὴ τὴν δεκτικὴν τῶν θείων μυστηρίων γνῶσιν. ΤΗΣ ΠΡΩΤΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΩΝ. Περὶ Σαοὺλ καὶ ∆αβίδ. Ὁ παλαιὸς νόμος κατὰ μόνον τὸ γράμμα λαμβανόμενος, Σαούλ ἐστιν, ἐπίληπτος, ἅτε μυρίαις δονούμενος ἐναντιώσεσι, καὶ μηδεμίαν ἔχων πρὸς ἑαυτὸν συμφωνίαν. Ἡνίκα δὲ ἐπηχήσῃ αὐτῷ ἡ κιθάρα τοῦ ∆αβὶδ, ἤγουν ἡ σοφία τοῦ ὑποκεκρυμμένου πνεύματος· τοῦτ' ἔστιν, ὁ πνευματικὸς νοῦς· εὐθὺ σωφρονεῖ, τοῦ πονηροῦ πνεύματος τῆς ἐναντιώσεως ἀπελαυνομένου. Καὶ δώσω, φησὶ, τὴν βασιλείαν τῷ πλησίον σου, τῷ ἀγαθῷ ὑπὲρ σέ. Καθάπερ γὰρ ὁ ∆αβὶδ πλησίον ἦν τοῦ Σαοὺλ, ὡς καὶ αὐτὸς εἰς βασιλέα χρισθείς· οὕτω καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα πλησίον ἦν τοῦ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ γράμματος, ὡς ὑποκεκρυμμένον αὐτῷ. Ὧ καὶ δέδοται λοιπὸν τὸ κράτος, σβεσθέντος μὲν τοῦ κατὰ τὸ γράμμα λαμβανομένου νόμου, λάμψαντος δὲ τοῦ κατὰ τὸ πνεῦμα νοουμένου· ὃς καὶ ἀγαθὸς ἦν ὑπὲρ ἐκεῖνον, ὅσῳ καὶ πολλὰ καλλιόνα τῶν αἰσθητῶν τὰ νοητὰ, καὶ τῶν