27

to the one giving, and the matters of honor and submission towards each of them were such that, with little interval passing, he was able to have them all by the nose and lead them wherever he wished. For there was not, there was not one of them who did not make mention of him with praise in the common council when he was absent, and who did not think it right for Palaiologos to be established over the others in common affairs, except also in the highest dignities and being proclaimed *basileopator*. And these were the nocturnal dispatches to them and deliberations and promises for the future with the greatest assurances.

27. How those speaking on behalf of the grand duke won over the majority and he became despot. For by the cunning of his mind and the flattery of his manners all were so captivated that, when an assembly was held, at which the hierarchs together with those in authority were to deliberate about the government—and the time demanded one who would take charge of affairs—all those of the sacred roll spoke on his behalf even when he was not speaking; that it is not right for the regent of the empire, and being such a man, to be on the same level as the others, but, set apart from the many, to be dignified with the greatest and imperial rank. For to what end would he, being concerned, labor daily and draw upon himself the greatest fear, if he who had undertaken such a burden should not have something to gain? And otherwise, in this way the act of commanding would be achievable for him, if indeed being above the others he were to command. It is good for the regent of the emperor to be dignified with a despotship; for thus he will also 107 keep his loyalty undisturbed toward the one ruling by birth, considering the rank a worthy reward. And what is strange in him being called despot whose maternal grandfather was also a despot and achieved the greatest successes against the Italians? For do we not know this man as God-loving, as having zeal for the good, as a friend of monks and one who reveres the affairs of the church exceedingly? His inherent humility and popular appeal and cheerfulness towards all bear witness, and indeed his love of giving and sharing will render his property most poor, so that it would be good and advantageous to affairs, if in addition to being *basileopator* the regent of the one ruling were also honored worthily. While some were proposing these things, many of the archbishops agreed with the words as seeming just, and it was also resolved by some of those in authority; but the others disputed, and their opinions did not at all coincide with one another. For some, and especially the Tzamantouroi from the Laskarids, along with whom was also George Nostongos, reluctantly indeed, but nevertheless, even though unwillingly, conceded that he be and be named *basileopator*, but they insisted that the grandeur of the ducal dignity was sufficient for the regent; but for this man to be dignified with an office bearing the name of royalty and to be honored with such dignities greater than he deserves, lest there be a transgression also in the greatest and most honorable matters; for there are princesses ripe for marriage, who must be married to those who seem preeminent; if not, then they themselves would have a great right on their own account to be dignified with such honors along with their spouses, being the emperor's own sisters and princesses of a third, or rather a fourth, royal generation. But those around Alexios Strategopoulos and the party of Philes, and with them the Tornikioi and rather the blind ones, who indeed having suffered wished to retaliate, and with them all who were attached to the Palaiologoi by kinship either existing or hoped for, strongly objected, saying that it was just and otherwise advantageous for the one close to the emperor and bearing the name of father to be honored also with a despotship; for thus would be what was conceded to him by 109 all and thus would affairs be directed. For who would pay attention to a child not able to think? And if the one giving orders in his place were a private citizen, there will be nothing to compel obedience. Therefore one must imitate those on ships; for they, having freedom and self-determination for themselves, upon embarking on a necessary voyage, choose and appoint a regent over their affairs, whom indeed they obey, having willingly enslaved themselves, whatever he might say; but the one who disobeys pays the penalties

27

διδόντι, καὶ τὰ τῆς πρὸς ἕκαστον ἐκείνων τιμῆς τε καὶ ὑποπτώσεως ἦσαν ὡς, ὀλίγον τὸ μεταξὺ διελθεῖν, καὶ πάντας ἔχειν ἐκείνους ἐκ τῶν ῥινῶν καὶ ἄγειν δύνασθαι ὅπῃ βούλοιτο. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἦν, οὐκ ἦν ἐκείνων ὅστις οὐ δι' εὐφήμου μνήμης ἐκεῖνον μὴ παρόντα ἐπὶ τοῦ κοινοῦ συνεδρίου ἐποίει καὶ ὃς οὐκ ἠξίου ὑπὲρ τοὺς ἄλλους τὸν Παλαιολόγον ἐπὶ τῶν κοινῶν εἶναι κατασταθέντα, πλὴν καὶ ἐπὶ μεγίσταις ἀξίαις καὶ βασιλεωπάτορα φημιζόμενον. Ταῦτα δ' ἦσαν αἱ νυκτεριναὶ πρὸς ἐκείνους πέμψεις καὶ σκέψεις καὶ πρὸς τὸ μέλλον ὑποσχέσεις μεγίσταις συγκροτήσεσι.

κζʹ. Ὅπως κατεδημαγώγουν τοὺς πλείστους οἱ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μεγάλου δουκὸς λέγοντες καὶ δεσπότης γέγονεν. Τῷ γὰρ ὑπούλῳ τῆς γνώμης καὶ τῷ τῶν τρόπων θωπευτικῷ οὕτως ἑάλωσαν πάντες ὡς, ἐκκλησίας γενομένης, ἐφ' ᾧ τοὺς ἱεράρχας συνάμα τοῖς ἐν τέλει περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς σκέπτεσθαικαὶ ὁ καιρὸς ἐζήτει τὸν τῶν πραγμάτων ἀφηγησόμενον, τοὺς τοῦ ἱεροῦ καταλόγου πάντας ὑπὲρ ἐκείνου λέγειν καὶ μὴ λαλοῦντος· ὡς οὐ χρὴ τὸν τῆς βασιλείας ἐπίτροπον, καὶ ταῦτα τοιοῦτον ὄντα, κατὰ τοὺς ἄλλους εἶναι, ἀλλ' ἐξῃρημένον τῶν πολλῶν, μεγίστῳ σεμνύνεσθαι καὶ βασιλικῷ ἀξιώματι. Ἐπὶ τί γὰρ καὶ φροντίζων ὁσημέραι πονοίη καὶ φόβον ἐφ' ἑαυτὸν τὸν μέγιστον ἕλκοι, εἰ μή τι καὶ κερδαίνειν ἔχοι ὁ τόσον ὄχλον ἀναδεξάμενος; Καὶ ἄλλως οὕτως αὐτῷ καὶ τὸ τῆς ἐπιταγῆς ἀνυστόν, εἴπερ ὑπὲρ τοὺς ἄλλους ὢν ἐπιτάττοι. Καλὸν σεμνύνεσθαι δεσποτείᾳ τὸν τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπίτροπον· οὕτω γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς 107 τηρήσει τὰ τῆς εὐνοίας ἀθόλωτα πρὸς τὸν ἐκ γένους βασιλεύοντα, ἀξίαν νομί ζων ἀμοιβὴν τὸ ἀξίωμα. Τί δὲ καὶ ξένον κεκλῆσθαι δεσπότῃ ᾧ δὴ καὶ ὁ πρὸς μητρὸς πάππος δεσπότης ἦν καὶ κατ' Ἰταλῶν κατώρθου τὰ μέγιστα; Ἦ γὰρ οὐκ οἴδαμεν τοῦτον ὡς θεοφιλῆ, ὡς ζῆλον ἔχοντα τοῦ καλοῦ, ὡς φιλομόναχον καὶ τὰ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐκτόπως σέβοντα; Μαρτυρεῖ τὸ προσὸν αὐτῷ ταπεινὸν καὶ δημοτικὸν καὶ ἱλαρὸν πρὸς ἅπαντας, τὸ δέ γε φιλόδωρόν τε καὶ μεταδοτικὸν τὸ τῆς περιουσίας πενέστατον παραστήσει, ὥστε καλῶς ἂν ἔχοι καὶ συμφερόντως τοῖς πράγμασιν, εἰ πρὸς τῇ βασιλεωπατορίᾳ καὶ ἀξίως τιμῷτο ὁ ἐπιτροπεύων τοῦ βασιλεύοντος. Ταῦτά τινων προτεινόντων, πολλοὶ μὲν τῶν ἀρχιερέων ὡς δικαίοις δοκοῦσι τοῖς λόγοις συνῄνουν, καὶ τῶν ἐν τέλει τισὶ συνεδέδοκτο· οἱ ἄλλοι δὲ διεφιλονείκουν καὶ τὰς γνώμας ἀλλήλοις οὐμενοῦν οὐ συνέβαινον. Οἱ μὲν γάρ, καὶ μᾶλλον οἱ ἐκ τῶν Λασκαρίων Τζαμάντουροι, σὺν οἷς καὶ ὁ Νοστόγγος Γεώργιος, τὸ μὲν βασιλεωπάτορα καὶ εἶναι καὶ ὀνομάζεσθαι μόλις μέν, ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ μὴ θέλοντες ἐνεδίδουν, ἱκανὸν δ' εἶναι τῷ ἐπιτρόπῳ τὸ τῆς δουκικῆς μεγαλεῖον ἀξίας διισχυρίζοντο· ὀφφικίῳ δὲ βασιλείας φέροντι ὄνομα σεμνύνεσθαι τοῦτον καὶ τοιαύταις ἀξίαις τιμᾶσθαι κρείττοσιν ἢ κατ' αὐτόν, μὴ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς μεγίστοις τε καὶ τιμίοις παράβασις εἴη· εἶναι γὰρ βασιλίδας ὡραίας γάμων, ἃς ἀνάγκη γαμεῖσθαι τοῖς προέχειν δοκοῦσιν· εἰ δ' οὖν, ἀλλ' αὐταῖς ἐξ αὐτῶν μέγα τὸ δίκαιον ἔχειν τοιούτοις μετὰ τῶν συζύγων σεμνύνεσθαι ἀξιώμασιν, αὐταδέλφαις βασιλέως οὔσαις καὶ βασιλίσιν ἐκ τριγονίας ἢ καὶ τετραγονίας μᾶλλον βασιλικῆς. Οἱ ἀμφὶ τὸν Στρατηγόπουλον δὲ Ἀλέξιον καὶ οἱ τοῦ Φιλῆ, καὶ σὺν αὐτοῖς οἱ Τορνίκιοι καὶ οἱ τυφλοὶ μᾶλλον, οἳ δὴ καὶ παθόντες ἀμύνειν ἤθελον, σὺν δ' αὐτοῖς καὶ ὅσοι κατὰ συγγένειαν ἢ οὖσαν ἢ ἐλπιζομένην τοῖς Παλαιολόγοις προσέκειντο, ἰσχυρῶς ἀντέσπων, δίκαιον εἶναι λέγοντες καὶ ἄλλως συμφέρον τὸν ἐγγὺς βασιλέως ὄντα καὶ πατρὸς ὄνομα φέροντα τιμᾶσθαι καὶ δεσποτείᾳ· οὕτω γὰρ εἶναι τὸ συγκεχωρηκὸς αὐτῷ παρὰ 109 πάντων καὶ οὕτω τὰ πράγματα διιθύνεσθαι. Παιδὶ γὰρ μὴ οἵῳ τε φρονεῖν τίς ἂν καὶ προσέξοι; Εἰ δὲ καὶ ὁ ἀντ' ἐκείνου προστάσσων ἰδιώτης εἴη, οὐδὲν τὸ πρὸς ἀνάγκην πεῖθον ἐσεῖται. Μιμητέον τοίνυν τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν νεῶν· ἐκεῖνοι γὰρ καθ' αὑτοὺς τὸ ἐλεύθερον ἔχοντες καὶ αὐτόγνωμον, κατὰ πλοῦν ἀναγκαῖον ἐμβάντες, ἐπίτροπον ἐκλεξάμενοι ἐφιστᾶσι τοῖς σφῶν πράγμασιν, ᾧ δὴ καὶ πείθονται δουλωθέντες ἑκόντες, εἴ τι καὶ λέγοι· ὁ δέ γ' ἀπειθῶν δίδωσι τὰς δίκας