27

has ever happened or will ever happen in ourselves or in any others. For no one can prove this from the divine Scriptures, that any person has ever been purified without tears and constant compunction, or has become a saint, or has received the Holy Spirit, or has seen God, or has known him tabernacling within himself, or has ever had him as an indweller in his heart, without repentance and compunction having preceded, and constant tears gushing forth as from a spring, which evidently flood and wash the dwelling-place of the soul, and bedew and refresh the soul that is possessed and consumed by the unapproachable fire.

Therefore, those who say it is not possible to mourn and weep every night and day testify that they themselves are stripped of all virtue. For if our holy fathers, having declared so, say: "He who wishes to cut off the passions, cuts them off with weeping, and he who wishes to acquire virtues, acquires them with weeping," it is quite clear that he who does not weep every day neither cuts off the passions nor accomplishes the virtues, even if, as he thinks, he seems to pursue them all. For what good, tell me, are the tools of the craft if the craftsman is not present, the one who knows how to handle the material and make it a suitable vessel? And what profit is it to the gardener, if he works the whole garden and sows and plants every kind of vegetable in it, but no rain comes down from above upon them, or he has no supply of water? Absolutely nothing. Thus also, he who pursues the other virtues (76) and toils in them will profit nothing without this holy and blessed lady and creator of all the virtues.

For just as a king without his army is weak and easily captured by all and does not even appear a king, but is as one of the other men, and likewise also the multitudes of troops and armies without a king or their commander-in-chief are easily scattered and destroyed by their adversaries, so you should consider mourning to be in relation to the other virtues. For understand all the introductory virtues to be an army gathered together, and blessed mourning and weeping to be their king and general, through whom the whole army is set in array and drawn up for battle, being made eager, anointed, strengthened, taught, both to take up arms and where it is necessary and how and when and what kind, and against what sort and quality of adversary at the right time and seasons, being well-defined, and whom to send as scouts and what sort of guards to post, and what to discuss with those sent from the adversaries and with what sort—for it is possible even by conversation alone to rout them all, and sometimes even by not receiving them for a meeting at all—, and how to set ambushes against them and stratagems, or rather hidden traps, and when and whom of the army to send out for this and in what places, mourning itself, I say, clearly arranges; but without it, the whole host of the virtues is easily captured.

And for this reason, before all things and with all things, let our work, brothers, be repentance and the weeping that is joined to it, and the tears that follow weeping. For there is no weeping without repentance, (77) nor tears without weeping, but these three are bound to one another, and it is not possible for one to appear without the other. Therefore, let no one say it is impossible to weep every day; for he who says this also says it is impossible to repent every day and overturns all the divine Scriptures, not to mention the very commandment of the Lord which says: "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand," and again: "Ask, and you will receive; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you." For if you say it is impossible to repent and weep and shed tears every day, to be humble-minded and always

27

ἐν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς ἤ ἔν τισιν ἑτέροις γέγονέ ποτε ἤ γενήσεται. Οὐδέ γάρ ἀπό τῶν θείων Γραφῶν ἀποδείξει τοῦτό τις, ὅτι δακρύων δίχα καί κατανύξεως διηνεκοῦς ἐκαθάρθη τις ἀνθρώπων ποτέ ἤ ἅγιος γέγονεν ἤ Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον ἔλαβεν ἤ τόν Θεόν ἐθεάσατο ἤ σκηνώσαντα ἔνδον αὐτοῦ ἔγνωκεν ἤ ὅλως τοῦτον ἔσχε ποτέ ἔνοικον ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ, μή προηγησαμένης μετανοίας καί κατανύξεως καί ὡς ἀπό πηγῆς ἀεί βρυόντων δακρύων διηνεκῶν, τῶν κατακλυζόντων δηλονότι καί τήν τῆς ψυχῆς ἐκπλυνόντων οἰκίαν, καί αὐτήν καταδροσιζόντων καί ἀναψυχόντων τήν ὑπό τοῦ ἀπροσίτου πυρός κατεχομένην καί καταφλεγομένην ψυχήν.

Οἱ οὖν λέγοντες μή εἶναι δυνατόν καθ᾿ ἑκάστην νύκτα καί ἡμέραν πενθεῖν καί κλαίειν, ἑαυτούς πάσης ἀρετῆς γυμνούς εἶναι διαμαρτύρονται. Εἰ γάρ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν οἱ ἅγιοι οὕτως ἀποφηνάμενοι λέγουσι· "Ὁ θέλων κόψαι πάθη, κλαυθμῷ κόπτει αὐτά καί ὁ θέλων κτήσασθαι ἀρετάς, κλαυθμῷ κτᾶται αὐτάς", εὔδηλον ὅτι ὁ μή κλαίων καθ᾿ ἑκάστην, οὔτε τά πάθη κόπτει οὔτε τάς ἀρετάς κατορθοῖ, κἄν, ὡς οἴεται, δοκῇ πάσας μετέρχεσθαι. Τί γάρ ὠφελοῦσιν, εἰπέ μοι, τά ἐργαλεῖα τῆς τέχνης τοῦ τεχνίτου μή παρόντος, τοῦ τήν ὕλην εἰδότος μεταχειρίσασθαι καί ταύτην ποιῆσαι σκεῦος ἁρμόδιον; Τί δέ τόν κηπουρόν ὀνίσησιν, ἐάν ὅλον μέν τόν κῆπον ἐργάσηται καί λαχάνου πᾶν γένος σπείρῃ τε καί φυτεύσῃ ἐν αὐτῷ, μή κατέλθῃ δέ ὑετός ἄνωθεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῖς ἤ μή οὔσης ἀρδείας αὐτῷ ὕδατος; Πάντως οὐδέν. Οὕτως οὐδέ ὁ τάς ἄλλας ἀρετάς (76) μετερχόμενος καί κοπιῶν ἐν αὐταῖς ὀνήσεταί τι χωρίς ταύτης τῆς ἁγίας καί μακαρίας δεσποίνης καί δημιουργοῦ πασῶν τῶν ἀρετῶν.

Ὥσπερ γάρ βασιλεύς δίχα τοῦ ὑπ᾿ αὐτόν στρατεύματος ἀσθενής καί εὐχείρωτος τοῖς πᾶσι γίνεται καί οὐδέ βασιλεύς φαίνεται, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς εἷς τῶν λοιπῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐστίν, ὡσαύτως δέ καί τά τοῦ πλήθους στρατεύματα καί στρατόπεδα δίχα βασιλέως ἤ τοῦ ἀρχιστρατήγου αὐτῶν εὐχερῶς διασκορπίζονται καί ὑπό τῶν ἀντιπάλων ἐξαφανίζονται, οὕτως λόγισαι εἶναι τό πένθος πρός τάς λοιπάς ἀρετάς. Στρατόπεδον μέν γάρ ἐπί τό αὐτό συναγόμενον ἁπάσας νόει μοι εἶναι τάς τῶν εἰσαγωγικῶν ἀρετάς, βασιλέα δέ τούτων καί στρατηγάρχην τό μακάριον πένθος καί τόν κλαυθμόν, δι᾿ οὖ ἐπί παράταξιν ἅπαν διατίθεται καί παρατάσσεται τό στρατόπεδον, προθυμοποιούμενον, ἀλειφόμενον, ἐνισχυόμενον, διδασκόμενον, ὅπλα τε αἵρειν καί ὅπῃ δεῖ καί πῶς καί πότε καί ποταπά καί ἐπί ποίῳ καί ποταπῷ τῷ ἀντιπάλῳ κατά καιρόν καί καιρούς καλῶς ὁριζόμενον, τίνας τε πέμπειν σκοπούς καί ὁποίους ἱστᾷν φύλακας καί τί τοῖς ἀπό τῶν ἀντιπάλων πεμπομένοις προσδιαλέγεσθαι χρή καί ποίοις ἔστι γάρ καί ἀπό μόνης ὁμιλίας τρέψαι πάντας αὐτούς, ἐνίοτε δέ καί ἐκ τοῦ μηδέ εἰς συντυχίαν αὐτούς προσδέξασθαι , πῶς δέ καί ἐνέδρας κατ᾿ αὐτῶν καί λόγους εἴτουν ἐγκρύμματα, καί πότε καί ποίους τοῦ στρατοπέδου εἰς τοῦτο ἐκπέμψαι καί ἐν ποίοις τόποις, αὐτό δή τό πένθος, λέγω, σαφῶς διατάττεται· ἄνευ δέ τούτου ὁ λαός τῶν ἀρετῶν ἅπας εὐχείρωτος.

Καί διά τοῦτο πρό πάντων καί μετά πάντων ἔργον ἔστω πᾶσιν ἡμῖν, ἀδελφοί, ἡ μετάνοια καί ὁ συνημμένος ταύτῃ κλαυθμός· καί τά τῷ κλαυθμῷ συνεπόμενα δάκρυα· οὔτε γάρ δίχα μετανοίας κλαυθμός, (77) οὔτε δίχα κλαυθμοῦ δάκρυα, ἀλλά τά τρία ταῦτα ἀλλήλοις συνδέδενται, καί οὐκ ἔστι δίχα τοῦ ἑτέρου φανῆναι τό ἕτερον. Μή οὖν λέγῃ τις ἀδύνατον εἶναι τό καθ᾿ ἑκάστην κλαίειν· ὁ γάρ τοῦτο λέγων, ἀδύνατον εἶναι λέγει καί τό καθ᾿ ἑκάστην μετανοεῖν καί ἀνατρέπει πάσας τάς θείας Γραφάς, ἵνα μή λέγω καί αὐτήν τήν ἐντολήν τοῦ Κυρίου τήν λέγουσαν· "Μετανοεῖτε, ἤγγικε γάρ ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν", καί πάλιν· "Αἰτεῖτε καί λήψεσθε, ζητεῖτε καί εὑρήσετε, κρούετε καί ἀνοιγήσεται ὑμῖν". Εἰ γάρ τό μετανοεῖν καί κλαίειν καί δακρύειν καθ᾿ ἑκάστην λέγεις ἀδύνατον, τό ταπεινοφρονεῖν καί πάντοτε