Chapter V.

St. Ambrose, speaking of tears, explains David’s saying, “Every night wash l my couch with my tears,” and goes on to speak of Christ bearing our griefs and infirmities. Everything should be referred to His honour, and we ought to rejoice with spiritual joy, but not after a worldly fashion.

21. And who can now fail to understand that the holy prophet said for our instruction: “Every night will I wash my couch and water my bed with my tears”?124    Ps. vi. 6. For if you take it literally for his bed, he shows that such abundance of tears should be shed as to wash the bed and water it with tears, the couch of him who is praying, for weeping has to do with the present, rewards with the future, since it is said: “Blessed are ye that weep, for ye shall laugh;”125    S. Luke vi. 21. or if we take the word of the prophet as applied to our bodies, we must wash away the offences of the body with tears of penitence. For Solomon made himself a bed of wood from Lebanon, its pillars were of silver, its bottom of gold, its back strewn with gems.126    Cant. iii. 6. What is that bed but the fashion of our body? For by gems is set forth the splendour of the brightness of the air, fire is set forth by the gold, water by silver, and earth by wood, of which four elements the human body consists, in which our soul rests, if it do not exist deprived of rest by the roughness of hills or the damp ground, but raised on high, above vices, supported by the wood. For which reason David also says: “The Lord will send him help upon his bed of pain.”127    Ps. xli. [xl.] 3. For how can that be a bed of pain which cannot feel pain, and which has no feeling? But the body of pain is like the body of that death, of which it is said: “O wretched man that I am, who shall deliver me from the body of this death?”128    Rom. vii. 24.

22. And since I have inserted a clause in which mention is made of the Lord’s Body, lest any one should be troubled at reading that the Lord took a body of pain, let him remember that the Lord grieved and wept over the death of Lazarus,129    S. John xi. 35. and was wounded in His passion, and that from the wound there went forth blood and water,130    S. John xix. 34. and that He gave up His Spirit. Water for washing, Blood for drink, the Spirit for His rising again. For Christ alone is to us hope, faith, and love—hope in His resurrection, faith in the laver, and love in the sacrament.

23. And as He took a body of pain, so too He turned His bed in His weakness,131    Ps. xli. [xl.] 3. for He converted it to the benefit of human flesh. For by His Passion weakness was ended, and death by His resurrection. And yet you ought to mourn for the world but to rejoice in the Lord, to be sad for penitence but joyful for grace, though, too, the teacher of the Gentiles by a wholesome precept has bidden to weep with them that weep, and to rejoice with them that do rejoice.132    Rom. xii. 15.

24. But let him who desires to solve the whole difficulty of this question have recourse to the same Apostle. “Whatsoever ye do,” says he, “in word or deed, do all in the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ, giving thanks to God the Father by Him.”133    Col. iii. 17. Let us then refer all our words and deeds to Christ, Who brought life out of death, and created light out of darkness. For as a sick body is at one time cherished by warmth, at another soothed by cool applications, and the variation of remedies, if carried out according to the direction of the physician, is healthful, but if done in opposition to his orders increases the sickness; so whatever is paid to Christ is a remedy, whatever is done by our own will is harmful.

25. There ought then to be the joy of the mind, conscious of right, not excited by unrestrained feasts, or nuptial concerts, for in such modesty is not safe, and temptation may be suspected where excessive dancing accompanies festivities. I desire that the virgins of God should be far from this. For as a certain teacher of this world has said: “No one dances when sober unless he is mad.”134    Cicero, p. Murena. Now if, according to the wisdom of this world, either drunkenness or madness is the cause of dancing, what a warning is given to us amongst the instances mentioned in the Divine Scriptures, where John, the forerunner of Christ, being beheaded at the wish of a dancer, is an instance that the allurements of dancing did more harm than the madness of sacrilegious anger.

CAPUT V.

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Ad lacrymas fundendas hortatus Davidis versiculo, 0226Avocem lectum docet hic simpliciter accipi posse, vel figurate, ut corpus nostrum significet: quam acceptionem probat et confirmat. Quomodo Christus corpus doloris susceperit, stratumque versaverit in infirmitate? Omnia in honorem Christi referenda, et spiritali laetitia exsultandum, non autem illa, quae in conviviis insaniens Joanni Baptistae mortem intulit.

21. Jam illud quis non ad nostram institutionem dictum intelligat, quod ait sanctus Propheta: Lavabo per singulas noctes lectum meum, lacrymis meis stratum meum rigabo (Psal. VI, 7)? Nam sive lectum juxta litteram intelligas, tantam ubertatem ostendit profundi oportere lacrymarum; ut lavetur lectus, stratum rigetur fletibus obsecrantis: fletus enim 0226B praesentium, merces est futurorum; quoniam beati qui fletis, ipsi enim ridebitis (Luc. VI, 21): sive pro corpore accipiamus propheticum dictum, delicta corporis poenitentiae lacrymis abluamus. Fecit enim sibi lectum Salomon ex lignis Libani, columnae ejus erant argenteae, acclinatorium ejus aureum, dorsum ejus gemmatum stratum (Cant. III, 9, 10). Quis est iste lectus, nisi nostri corporis species? Namque in gemmis aerii species fulgoris ostenditur, in auro ignis, aqua in argento, terra per lignum: ex quibus corpus humanum quatuor constat elementis, in quo nostra recubat anima; si non aspero montium, non humi arido expers quietis existat, sed sublimis a vitiis, ligno fulta requiescat. Unde etiam David dicit: Dominus opem ferat illi super lectum doloris ejus0226C (Psal. XL, 4). 180 Nam lectus doloris esse qui potest, cum dolere non possit, qui non habeat sensum? Corpus autem doloris sicut corpus est mortis ejus: Infelix ego homo, quis me liberabit de corpore mortis hujus (Rom. VII, 24)?

22. Et quoniam versiculum induximus, in quo Dominici corporis fecimus mentionem; ne quem forte perturbet legentem quod Dominus corpus suscepit doloris, recordetur quia Lazari mortem et doluit et flevit (Joan. XI, 35), et in passione est vulneratus, atque ex vulnere sanguis et aqua exivit (Joan. XIX, 34), spiritumque exhalavit. Aqua ad lavacrum, sanguis ad potum, spiritus ad resurrectionem. Unus enim Christus est nobis spes, fides, charitas: spes in resurrectione, fides in lavacro, charitas 0226D in sacramento.

23. Tamen ut corpus suscepit doloris, ita etiam stratum in infirmitate versavit (Ps. XL, 4); quia 0227A convertit in commodum carnis humanae. Nam passione infirmitas est soluta, mors resurrectione. Et tamen moerere pro saeculo, gaudere debetis in Domino: tristes ad poenitentiam, alacres ad gratiam; licet et flere cum flentibus, et gaudere cum gaudentibus oportere gentium Doctor salutari praeceptione praescripserit (Rom. XII, 15).

24. Verum qui penitus enodare cicatricem omnem desiderat quaestionis, ad eumdem confugiat Apostolum: Omne, inquit, quodcumque facitis in verbo aut in facto in nomine Domini nostri Jesu Christi, gratias agentes Deo Patri per ipsum (Coloss. III, 17). Omnia ergo dicta nostra factaque referamus ad Christum, qui vitam fecit ex morte, et lucem creavit ex tenebris. Namque ut corpus aegrotum nunc calidioribus 0227B fovetur, nunc frigidioribus temperatur; remediorumque mutatio, si juxta praeceptum fiat medici, salutaris est: si contra mandatum usurpetur, languoris augmentum est; ita medico nostro quidquid penditur Christo, remedium est: quidquid usurpatur, incommodum.

25. Debet igitur bene consciae mentis esse laetitia, non inconditis comessationibus, non nuptialibus excitata symphoniis; ibi enim intuta verecundia, illecebra suspecta est, ubi comes deliciarum est extrema saltatio. Ab hac virgines Dei procul esse desidero. Nemo enim, ut dixit quidam saecularium doctor, saltat sobrius, nisi insanit. Quod si juxta sapientiam saecularem, saltationis aut temulentia auctor est, aut amentia; quid divinarum Scripturarum cautum putamus 0227C exemplis cum Joannes praenuntius Christi, saltatricis optione jugulatus, exemplo sit plus nocuisse saltationis illecebram, quam sacrilegi furoris amentiam?