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with so much turmoil surrounding them, and the sea not even permitting them to breathe; thus it was tumultuous, and hastened, raging and roaring and raising up continuous waves. Whence then, beloved, did such great providence come for the prophet? From the economy of God. For God was arranging for these things to happen, teaching the prophet through them to be philanthropic and gentle, and all but shouting to him and saying: Imitate the sailors, senseless men; 49.311 if these indeed despise not a single soul, nor are unsparing of your one body; but you, for your part, have given over an entire city that has so many myriads; and they indeed, having found the one responsible for the evils that have happened to them, not even so do they rush to the condemning vote; but you, having nothing to charge the Ninevites with, have sunk and destroyed them. And you indeed, when I commanded you to go, and to call them to salvation through the proclamation, did not obey; but these, having heard from no one, do everything, and take pains, so as to rescue you who have become liable for punishment. For even after the accusation from the sea, after the proof through the lot, when he accused himself, and confessed his flight, not even so did they rush to the destruction of the prophet, but they held back and made every effort and did everything, so as not to give him over to the assault of the sea, even after such proof. But not even so did the sea permit it; or rather, God did not allow it, wishing to correct him, just as through the sailors, so also through the sea monster. For after hearing, "Take me up and cast me into the sea, and the sea will grow calm for you," they tried to row to the land, but the waves did not permit it. 4. But just as you have seen the prophet fleeing, hear him also confessing from below, from the belly of the beast; for the former he suffered as a man, but the latter he showed as a prophet. The sea, therefore, taking him, deposited him in the belly of the sea monster as in a kind of prison, keeping the fugitive safe for the Master; and neither did the wild waves, having taken him, drown him, nor did the sea monster, wilder than the waves, having received him in its belly, destroy him, but it preserved him and brought him back to the city; and both sea and sea monster obeyed contrary to nature, so that through all things the prophet might be taught. Coming therefore into the city, he read out the decree, like a royal letter containing a punishment, and cried out, saying: Yet three days, and Nineveh will be overthrown. They heard these things, they did not disbelieve, they did not despise, but immediately there was one rush of all to the fast, of men, women, slaves, masters, rulers, ruled, children, elders; not even the nature of the irrational animals was exempt from this service; everywhere sackcloth, everywhere ashes, everywhere lamentation and wailing. For even he who wore the diadem, coming down from the royal throne, spread sackcloth under him, sprinkled himself with ashes, and thus rescued the city from its dangers; and it was possible to see a paradoxical thing, the purple robe outdone by sackcloth. For what the purple garment was not strong enough to do, this the sackcloth was strong enough to do; what the diadem did not accomplish, this the ashes achieved. Do you see how not in vain I said that one must fear not fasting, but drunkenness and gluttony? For drunkenness and gluttony shook the city while it was standing, and were about to cast it down; but fasting made it stand when it was being shaken and about to fall. With this also Daniel, having entered a den of lions, as if associating with tame sheep, so he came out. For although seething with rage, and looking murderously, they did not touch the table 49.312 set before them, but even with nature itself rousing them—for nothing is wilder than those beasts and hunger—for seven

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τοσαύτης ταραχῆς περιεστώσης αὐτοὺς, καὶ τῆς θαλάσσης οὐδὲ ἀναπνεῖν ἐπιτρεπούσης· οὕτως ἐθορύβει, καὶ κατέσπευδε μαινομένη καὶ καταβοῶσα καὶ συνεχῆ τὰ κύματα ἐπεγείρουσα. Πόθεν οὖν ἡ τοσαύτη πρόνοια γέγονεν, ἀγαπητοὶ, περὶ τὸν προφήτην; Ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ οἰκονομίας. Ὁ γὰρ Θεὸς ᾠκονόμει ταῦτα γίνεσθαι, τὸν προφήτην διὰ τούτων παιδεύων φιλάνθρωπον εἶναι καὶ ἥμερον, καὶ μονονουχὶ βοῶν πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ λέγων· Μίμησαι τοὺς ναύτας, ἀνθρώπους ἀνοήτους· 49.311 εἴπερ οὗτοι μὲν οὐδὲ μιᾶς καταφρονοῦσι ψυχῆς, οὐδὲ ἑνὸς ἀφειδοῦσι σώματος τοῦ σοῦ· σὺ δὲ ὁλόκληρον πόλιν τοσαύτας ἔχουσαν μυριάδας ἐξέδωκας τό γε σὸν μέρος· καὶ αὐτοὶ μὲν τὸν αἴτιον τῶν γεγενημένων αὐτοῖς κακῶν εὑρόντες, οὐδὲ οὕτως ὁρμῶσιν ἐπὶ τὴν καταδικάζουσαν ψῆφον· σὺ δὲ οὐδὲν ἔχων ἐγκαλεῖν τοῖς Νινευΐταις κατέδυσας αὐτοὺς καὶ ἀπώλεσας. Καὶ σὺ μὲν, ἐμοῦ κελεύσαντος ἀπιέναι, καὶ πρὸς σωτηρίαν αὐτοὺς ἀνακαλεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ κηρύγματος, οὐχ ὑπήκουσας· οὗτοι δὲ οὐδενὸς ἀκούσαντες, πάντα ποιοῦσι, καὶ πραγματεύονται, ὤστε σε τὸν ὑπεύθυνον γενόμενον τιμωρίας ἀνακαλέσασθαι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάττης κατηγορίαν, μετὰ τὴν ἀπόδειξιν τὴν διὰ τοῦ κλήρου, ὅτε αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ κατηγόρησε, καὶ τὴν φυγὴν ὡμολόγησε, οὐδὲ οὕτως ὥρμησαν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπώλειαν τοῦ προφήτου, ἀλλὰ ἠνεῖχον καὶ ἐβιάζοντο καὶ πάντα ἐποίουν, ὥστε αὐτὸν μηδὲ μετὰ τοσαύτην ἀπόδειξιν ἐκδοῦναι τῇ τῆς θαλάττης ὁρμῇ. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπέτρεπεν οὐδὲ οὕτως ἡ θάλαττα· μᾶλλον δὲ ὁ Θεὸς οὐκ ἠφίει, ὥσπερ διὰ τῶν ναυτῶν, οὕτω καὶ διὰ τοῦ κήτους αὐτὸν σωφρονίσαι βουλόμενος. Καὶ γὰρ μετὰ τὸ ἀκοῦσαι, Ἄρατέ με καὶ ἐμβάλετε εἰς τὴν θάλατταν, καὶ κοπάσει ἡ θάλαττα ἀφ' ὑμῶν, παρεβιάζοντο εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀπελθεῖν, ἀλλὰ τὰ κύματα οὐκ ἐπέτρεπε. δʹ. Σὺ δὲ, ὥσπερ εἶδες τὸν προφήτην φεύγοντα, ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξομολογουμένου κάτωθεν ἀπὸ τῆς γαστρὸς τοῦ θηρίου· ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ ἔπαθεν ὡς ἄνθρωπος, τοῦτο δὲ ὡς προφήτης ἐπεδείξατο. Λαβοῦσα τοίνυν αὐτὸν ἡ θάλαττα, καθάπερ ἐν δεσμωτηρίῳ τινὶ τῇ γαστρὶ τοῦ κήτους ἐναπέθετο, σῶον τῷ ∆εσπότῃ φυλάττουσα τὸν φυγάδα· καὶ οὔτε κύματα ἄγρια λαβόντα ἀπέπνιξαν, οὔτε κῆτος κυμάτων ἀγριώτερον ὑποδεξάμενον αὐτὸν ἐν κοιλίᾳ διέφθειρεν, ἀλλὰ διέσωσε καὶ πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἐπανήγαγε· καὶ θάλαττα καὶ κῆτος παρὰ φύσιν ὑπήκουσαν, ἵνα διὰ πάντων ὁ προφήτης παιδεύηται. Ἐλθὼν τοίνυν εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἀνέγνω τὴν ἀπόφασιν, καθάπερ ἐπιστολὴν βασιλικὴν κόλασιν ἔχουσαν, καὶ ἐβόα λέγων· Ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι, καὶ Νινευῒ καταστραφήσεται. Ἤκουσαν ταῦτ' ἐκεῖνοι, οὐ διηπίστησαν, οὐ κατεφρόνησαν, ἀλλ' εὐθέως δρόμος ἁπάντων εἷς ἐπὶ τὴν νηστείαν, ἀνδρῶν, γυναικῶν, δούλων, δεσποτῶν, ἀρχόντων, ἀρχομένων, παιδίων, πρεσβυτέρων· οὐδ' ἡ τῶν ἀλόγων φύσις ταύτης ἀτελὴς ἦν τῆς λειτουργίας· πανταχοῦ σάκκος, πανταχοῦ σποδὸς, πανταχοῦ θρῆνος καὶ οἰμωγή. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ τὸ διάδημα περικείμενος, ἀπὸ τοῦ θρόνου καταβὰς τοῦ βασιλικοῦ, σάκκον ὑπεστρώσατο, σποδὸν κατεπάσατο, καὶ οὕτω τὴν πόλιν ἐξήρπασε τῶν κινδύνων· καὶ ἦν ἰδεῖν πρᾶγμα παράδοξον ὑπὸ σάκκου πορφυρίδα παρευδοκιμηθεῖσαν. Ὅπερ γὰρ οὐκ ἴσχυσεν ἁλουργὶς, τοῦτο ἴσχυσεν ὁ σάκκος· ὅπερ οὐκ ἤνυσε τὸ διάδημα, τοῦτο κατώρθωσεν ἡ σποδός. Ὁρᾷς ὡς οὐ μάτην εἶπον ὅτι οὐ νηστείαν, ἀλλὰ μέθην καὶ ἀδηφαγίαν δεδοικέναι χρή; Ἡ μὲν γὰρ μέθη καὶ ἀδηφαγία τὴν πόλιν ἑστῶσαν διέσεισε, καὶ καταβαλεῖν ἔμελλεν· ἡ δὲ νηστεία σαλευομένην αὐτὴν καὶ μέλλουσαν καταπίπτειν ἔστησε. Μετὰ ταύτης καὶ ὁ ∆ανιὴλ εἰς λάκκον λεόντων εἰσελθὼν, καθάπερ προβάτοις ἡμέροις συγγενόμενος, οὕτως ἐξῄει. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τῷ θυμῷ ζέοντες, καὶ φόνιον βλέποντες, τῆς τραπέζης 49.312 περικειμένης οὐχ ἥπτοντο, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς φύσεως αὐτῆς διεγειρούσης οὐδὲν γὰρ ἀγριώτερον ἐκείνων τῶν θηρίων καὶ τοῦ λιμοῦ καὶ γὰρ ἑπτὰ