David is the law according to the spirit, who reigns over the Christians who worship God spiritually. But Saul is the law according to the letter, who reigns over the Jews who worship God bodily. Since David is interpreted as contempt, and sufficient in sight. Such is the evangelical law; on the one hand, considered as such among the Jews, and on the other, among the Christians. Just as Saul is interpreted as borrowed, or a loan. Such is the Mosaic law, when taken according to the letter. For it was given for a time and until the coming of the evangelical. For even if Saul is interpreted in another sense as Hades requested, yet the meaning declared here is the appropriate one. And the Gibeonites are the higher principles according to natural contemplation. For Gibeonites are interpreted as mountainous or lofty. Whom Joshua son of Nun saved, after slaying the five kings who warred against them; and he appointed them for the tabernacle as hewers of wood and drawers of water, prefiguring Jesus Christ, who slew the passionate thoughts and ways that, according to the fivefold sense, war against the higher principles of natural contemplation, and preserved them. And these intelligible Gibeonites he appointed to the tabernacle of the divine mysteries, as hewers of wood, inasmuch as they supply kindling material for the light of knowledge; and as drawers of water, inasmuch as they bring a cleansing from the passions. For natural contemplation in the spirit, being a sort of mean between types and truth, leads away from the one, and leads back to the other. These, therefore, Saul destroys and casts out from the initiation into divine things, Saul who is the law of the letter, who reigns over those who live according to sense alone; and anyone who, holding only to the letter, rejects the spirit hidden in the letter. And the Gibeonites also typify the portion of the Gentiles for Jesus, the inheritor of the divine promises, who are commanded to hew wood and draw water, that is, to bear the knowledge concerning the saving cross and the life-giving baptism; and through the practical life, as wood, to bring about the 77.1253 mortification of the members that are upon the earth; and through the contemplative, as water, the influx of knowledge. God was therefore angered, on account of the destruction of the Gibeonites. And he brought on the famine, not in the days of Saul who destroyed them, but in the days of David; because it is not natural, while the letter of the law is living and reigning over the Jews who are corporeal and dull of intellect, for the famine of spiritual knowledge to be known; but rather for it to occur in the days of David, after that one had died at the end of the time appointed for the corporeal worship of the law, I mean of the spirit of the law, which was hidden in the letter, having now shone forth and reigning over the Christians who are spiritual and subtle of intellect. For those around the aforementioned Saul, having never enjoyed spiritual knowledge, were not able to know its famine. For famine is the absence of goods known by experience. And here also a scarcity of the spiritual foods of the soul. But those around the aforementioned David, these especially hunger this famine, when they attend to the house of Saul, in attending to the letter, and in receiving the things of divine Scripture corporeally. Concerning which house we shall speak as we proceed. And a famine of three years is the lack of spiritual knowledge according to the three laws: the natural, the Mosaic, and the evangelical. For the lack of spiritual contemplation according to the Mosaic law has following it also that according to the natural and that according to the evangelical; wherefore they are also said to be connected to each other. And in another way, he who takes the Mosaic law corporeally hungers for these three things, virtue, and deification. And just as the face is characteristic of each individual, so also does spiritual knowledge emphatically characterize the Divine; he who seeks it, is said to seek
∆αβὶδ μὲν ὁ κατὰ τὸ πνεῦμα νόμος, ὁ βασιλεύων τῶν πνευματικῶς Θεῷ λατρευόντων Χριστιανῶν. Σαοὺλ δὲ ὁ κατὰ γράμμα νόμος, ὁ βασιλεύων τῶν σωματικῶς Θεῷ λατρευόντων Ἰουδαίων. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ∆αβὶδ ἑρμηνεύεται ἐξουδένωσις, καὶ ἱκανὸς ὁράσει. Τοιοῦτος δὲ ὁ εὐαγγελικὸς νόμος· τὸ μὲν παρ' Ἰουδαίοις νομιζόμενος, τὸ δὲ παρὰ Χριστιανοῖς. Ὥσπερ καὶ Σαοὺλ ἑρμηνεύεται δεδανεισμένος, ἢ δάνειον. Τοιοῦτος δὲ ὁ Μωσαϊκὸς νόμος, κατὰ τὸ γράμμα λαμβανόμενος. Πρόσκαιρος γὰρ ἐδόθη καὶ μέχρι τῆς ἐπιδημίας τοῦ εὐαγγελικοῦ. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ αἰτητὸς ᾅδης καθ' ἕτερον λόγον ὁ Σαοὺλ ἑρμηνεύεται, ἀλλὰ τὸ δηλωθὲν σημαινόμενον ἐνταῦθα οἰκεῖον. Γαβαωνῖται δὲ, οἱ κατὰ τὴν φυσικὴν θεωρίαν ὑψηλότεροι λόγοι. Γαβαωνῖται γὰρ ὀρεινοὶ ἢ μετέωροι ἑρμηνεύονται. Οὓς διέσωσεν Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυῆ, ἀποκτείνας τοὺς πολεμοῦντας αὐτοῖς εʹ βασιλεῖς· καὶ κατέστησεν αὐτοὺς τῇ σκηνῇ ξυλοφόρους καὶ ὑδροφόρους, προτυπῶν τὸν Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν, ὃς ἀπέκτεινε τοὺς κατὰ τὴν πενταδικὴν αἴσθησιν πολεμοῦντας τοῖς κατὰ τὴν φυσικὴν θεωρίαν ὑψηλοτέροις λόγοις, ἐμπαθεῖς λογισμοὺς καὶ τρόπους, καὶ περιποιησάμενος. Τούτους δὲ τοὺς νοητοὺς Γαβαωνίτας κατέστησε τῇ σκηνῇ τῶν θείων μυστηρίων, ξυλοφόρους μὲν, ὡς χορηγοῦντας ὕλην ἐξαπτικὴν τοῦ φωτὸς τῆς γνώσεως· ὑδροφόρους δὲ, ὡς κομίζοντας ῥύψιν τῶν παθῶν· ἡ γὰρ ἐν πνεύματι φυσικὴ θεωρία μέση τις οὖσα τύπων καὶ ἀληθείας, τῶν μὲν ἀπάγει, πρὸς δὲ τὴν ἐπανάγει. Τούτους τοίνυν ἀναιρεῖ καὶ ἔξω ποιεῖ τῆς τῶν θείων μυσταγωγίας Σαοὺλ, ὁ τοῦ γράμματος νόμος, ὁ τῶν κατὰ μόνην τὴν αἴσθησιν ζώντων βασιλεύων· καὶ εἴ τις μόνου τοῦ γράμματος ἀντεχόμενος, ἀθετεῖ τὸ ὑποκρυπτόμενον τῷ γράμματι πνεῦμα. Τυποῦσι δὲ οἱ Γαβαωνῖται καὶ τὴν ἐθνικὴν μερίδα τῷ κληροδότῃ τῶν θείων ἐπαγγελιῶν Ἰησοῦ, καὶ προσταττομένων ξυλοφορεῖν καὶ ὑδροφορεῖν, τοῦτ' ἔστι, τὴν περὶ τοῦ σωτηρίου σταυροῦ καὶ ζωοποιοῦ βαπτίσματος γνῶσιν βαστάζειν· καὶ διὰ μὲν τῆς πρακτικῆς· ὡς ξύλα τὴν 77.1253 νέκρωσιν τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς μελῶν παραφέρειν· διὰ δὲ τῆς θεωρητικῆς, ὡς ὕδωρ τὴν ἐπιῤῥοὴν τῆς γνώσεως. Ὠργίσθη μὲν οὖν ὁ Θεὸς, διὰ τὴν τῶν Γαβαωνιτῶν ἀναίρεσιν. Ἐπήγαγε δὲ τὸν λιμὸν, οὐκ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τοῦ ἀνελόντος αὐτοὺς Σαοὺλ, ἀλλὰ ἐν ταῖς τοῦ ∆αβίδ· ὅτι μηδὲ πέφυκε, ζῶντος τοῦ νομικοῦ γράμματος καὶ βασιλεύοντος τῶν σωματικῶν καὶ παχῶν τὴν διάνοιαν Ἰουδαίων, γνωσθῆναι τὸν λιμὸν τῆς πνευματικῆς γνώσεως· ἀλλ' ἀποθανόντος ἐκείνου τῷ πέρατι τοῦ χρόνου τοῦ ὁρισθέντος τῇ σωματικῇ λατρείᾳ τοῦ νόμου, μᾶλλον ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ∆αβὶδ γενέσθαι, τοῦ νομικοῦ λέγω πνεύματος, τοῦ ὑποκεκρυμμένου τῷ γράμματι, λάμψαντος ἤδη καὶ βασιλεύοντος τῶν πνευματικῶν καὶ λεπτῶν τὴν διάνοιαν Χριστιανῶν. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ περὶ τὸν εἰρημένον Σαοὺλ, μηδέποτε πνευματικῶς γνώσεως ἀπολαύσαντες, οὐδὲ τὸν λιμὸν αὐτῆς ἠδύναντο γνῶναι. Λιμὸς γάρ ἐστιν ἔκλειψις τῶν κατὰ πεῖραν ἀγαθῶν ἐγνωσμένων. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ σπάνις τῶν πνευματικῶν τῆς ψυχῆς βρωμάτων. Οἱ δ' ἀμφὶ τὸν δηλωθέντα ∆αβὶδ, οὗτοι μάλιστα λιμώττουσι τοῦτον τὸν λιμὸν, ὅταν περιέπωσι τὸ γένος Σαοὺλ, ἐν τῷ περιέπειν τὸ γράμμα, καὶ σωματικῶς ἐκδέχεσθαι τὰ τῆς θείας Γραφῆς. Περὶ οὗ γένους προϊόντες ἐροῦμεν. Λιμὸς δὲ τριῶν ἐτῶν, ἡ ἔλλειψις τῆς κατὰ τοὺς τρεῖς νόμους, τόν τε φυσικὸν καὶ τὸν Μωσαϊκὸν, καὶ τὸν εὐαγγελικὸν, πνευματικῆς γνώσεως. Ἡ γὰρ ἔνδεια τῆς κατὰ τὸν Μωσαϊκὸν νόμον πνευματικῆς θεωρίας, ἔχει παρεπομένην καὶ τὴν κατὰ τὸν φυσικὸν, καὶ τὴν κατὰ τὸν εὐαγγελικόν· διὸ καὶ ἀλλήλων ἔχεσθαι λέγονται. Καὶ ἄλλως γὰρ ὁ τὸν Μωσαϊκὸν νόμον σωματικῶς λαμβάνων, λιμώττει τὰ τρία ταῦτα ἀρετὴν, καὶ θέωσιν. Ὥσπερ δὲ τὸ πρόσωπον χαρακτηριστικόν ἐστι τοῦ καθ' ἕκαστον, οὕτως καὶ ἡ πνευματικὴ γνῶσις ἐμφατικῶς χαρακτηρίζει τὸ Θεῖον· ἣν ὁ ἐκζητῶν, λέγεται ἐκζητεῖν