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regions, others the land of Canaan, also called Judea and Phoenicia, and the parts of Ethiopia and Egypt and Libya and the so-called torrid zone and the regions extending to the west, and the rest the areas from the coast and Pamphylia and Asia and Greece and Macedonia and the rest, Italy and the so-called Gauls and Spains and Germanies, so that in this way the whole earth is now filled with its inhabitants. Therefore, the habitation of men on the earth having become threefold in the beginning, in the east and the south and the west, afterwards the other parts of the earth were also inhabited, men having become a multitude. But the writers, not knowing these things, wish to say the world is spherical and to compare it, as it were, to a cube. How can they claim these things are true, not knowing the creation of the world nor its habitation? As men increased and multiplied part by part upon the earth, as we have said before, so also the islands of the sea and the other regions were inhabited. Who then of the so-called wise men, poets, or historians was able to speak the truth concerning these things, since they were born much later and introduced a multitude of gods—they who themselves were born after so many years of the cities, last both of kings and of nations and of wars? For it was necessary for the prophets among the Egyptians or the Chaldeans and the other writers to remember all things, even those that happened before the flood, concerning both the creation of the world and the making of man, and to relate accurately the events that followed, if indeed they spoke by a divine and pure spirit and announced as true the things spoken through them; and not only the things that had happened or were present, but also the things coming upon the world, it was necessary for them to foretell. Wherefore it is shown that all the others have been deceived, and that Christians alone have held the truth, we who are taught by the Holy Spirit, who spoke in the holy prophets, and foretells all things. And for the rest, be it yours to investigate kindly the things of God, I mean the things spoken through the prophets, so that by comparing what is said by us and what is said by the others you may be able to find the truth. Therefore, that the names of the so-called gods are found among them to be the names of men, as we have shown above, we have proved from the very histories which they wrote. And their images are fashioned daily, even to this day, idols, the works of men's hands. and these the multitude of foolish men worship, but they reject the maker and creator of all things and the nourisher of every breath, being persuaded by vain doctrines through the error of a foolish, ancestrally-transmitted opinion. However, the God and Father and Creator of all things did not abandon humanity, but he gave a law and sent prophets

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κλίμασιν, ἕτεροι δὲ γῆν Χαναναίαν, καὶ Ἰουδαίαν καὶ Φοινίκην ἐπικληθεῖσαν, καὶ τὰ μέρη τῆς Aἰθιοπίας καὶ Aἰγύπτου καὶ Λιβύης καὶ τὴν καλουμένην διακεκαυμένην καὶ τὰ μέχρι δυσμῶν κλίματα παρατείνοντα, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς παραλίου καὶ τῆς Παμφυλίας καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν καὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ τὴν Μακεδονίαν καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν τὴν Ἰταλίαν καὶ τὰς καλουμένας Γαλλείας καὶ Σπανίας καὶ Γερ- μανίας, ὥστε οὕτως τὰ νῦν ἐμπεπλῆσθαι τὴν σύμπασαν τῶν κατ- οικούντων αὐτήν. τριμεροῦς οὖν γεγενημένης τῆς κατοικήσεως τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κατ' ἀρχάς, ἔν τε ἀνατολῇ καὶ μεσημβρίᾳ καὶ δύσει, μετέπειτα καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ μέρη κατῳκήθη τῆς γῆς, χυδαίων τῶν ἀνθρώπων γενομένων. Ταῦτα δὲ μὴ ἐπιστάμενοι οἱ συγγραφεῖς βούλονται τὸν κόσμον σφαιροειδῆ λέγειν καὶ ὡσπερεὶ κύβῳ συγκρίνειν αὐτόν. πῶς δὲ δύνανται ταῦτα ἀληθῆ φάσκειν, μὴ ἐπιστάμενοι τὴν ποίησιν τοῦ κόσμου μήτε τὴν κατοίκησιν αὐτοῦ; πρὸς μέρος αὐξανομένων τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ πληθυνομένων ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὡς προειρήκαμεν, οὕτως κατῳκήθησαν καὶ αἱ νῆσοι τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ κλίματα. Τίς οὖν πρὸς ταῦτα ἴσχυσεν τῶν καλουμένων σοφῶν καὶ ποιητῶν ἢ ἱστοριογράφων τὸ ἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν πολὺ μεταγενεστέρων αὐτῶν γεγενημένων καὶ πληθὺν θεῶν εἰσαγαγόντων, οἵτινες μετὰ τοσαῦτα ἔτη αὐτοὶ ἐγεννήθησαν τῶν πόλεων, ἔσχατοι καὶ τῶν βασιλέων καὶ ἐθνῶν καὶ πολέμων; ἐχρῆν γὰρ αὐτοὺς μεμνῆσθαι πάντων καὶ τῶν πρὸ κατακλυσμοῦ γεγονότων, περί τε κτίσεως κόσμου καὶ ποιήσεως ἀνθρώπου, τά τε ἑξῆς συμβάντα ἀκριβῶς ἐξειπεῖν τοὺς παρ' Aἰγυπτίοις προφήτας ἢ Χαλδαίους τούς τε ἄλλους συγγραφεῖς, εἴπερ θείῳ καὶ καθαρῷ πνεύματι ἐλάλησαν καὶ τὰ δι' αὐτῶν ·ηθέντα ἀληθῆ ἀνήγγειλαν· καὶ οὐ μόνον τὰ προγενό- μενα ἢ ἐνεστῶτα ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ἐπερχόμενα τῷ κόσμῳ ἐχρῆν αὐτοὺς προκαταγγεῖλαι. διὸ δείκνυται πάντας τοὺς λοιποὺς πεπλανῆσθαι, μόνους δὲ Χριστιανοὺς τὴν ἀλήθειαν κεχωρηκέναι, οἵτινες ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου διδασκόμεθα, τοῦ λαλήσαντος ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις προφήταις, καὶ τὰ πάντα προκαταγγέλλοντος. Καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἔστω σοι φιλοφρόνως ἐρευνᾶν τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, λέγω δὲ τὰ διὰ τῶν προφητῶν ·ηθέντα, ὅπως συγκρίνας τά τε ὑπὸ ἡμῶν λεγόμενα καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν λοιπῶν δυνήσει εὑρεῖν τὸ ἀληθές. Τὰ μὲν οὖν ὀνόματα τῶν καλουμένων θεῶν ὅτι παρ' αὐτοῖς ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων εὑρίσκεται, καθὼς ἐν τοῖς ἐπάνω ἐδηλώσαμεν, ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν ἱστοριῶν ὧν συνέγραψαν ἀπεδείξαμεν. αἱ δὲ εἰκόνες αὐτῶν τὸ καθ' ἡμέραν ἕως τοῦ δεῦρο ἐκτυποῦνται, εἴδωλα, ἔργα χειρῶν ἀνθρώπων. καὶ τούτοις μὲν λατρεύει τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ματαίων ἀνθρώπων τὸν δὲ ποιητὴν καὶ δημιουργὸν τῶν ὅλων καὶ τροφέα πάσης πνοῆς ἀθετοῦσιν, πειθόμενοι δόγμασιν ματαίοις διὰ πλάνης πατροπαραδότου γνώμης ἀσυνέτου. Ὁ μέντοι γε θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ καὶ κτίστης τῶν ὅλων οὐκ ἐγκατ- έλιπεν τὴν ἀνθρωπότητα, ἀλλὰ ἔδωκεν νόμον καὶ ἔπεμψεν προφήτας