LETTER LIII. [A.D.392.]

S. AMBROSE here writes to Theodosius to express his grief at the death of Valentinian II, and mentions the preparations made for his burial. S. Ambrose spoke his funeral oration, which is extant, and is full of expressions of deep attachment. Valentinian had been slain by Arbogastes, who put Eugenius on the throne.

AMBROSE TO THE EMPEROR THEODOSIUS.

1. YOUR Majesty's letter has broken my silence; for I had persuaded myself that in sorrow so great I could do nothing better than withdraw into retirement. But not being able to conceal myself in any retreat, or abdicate my bishopric, I at least retired within myself by silence.

2. I am filled, I confess, with bitter grief, not only because the death of Valentinian has been premature, but also because, having been trained in the faith and moulded by your teaching, he had conceived such devotion towards our God, and was so tenderly attached to myself, as to love one whom he had before persecuted, and to esteem as his father the man whom he had before repulsed as his enemy. I have mentioned this not for the sake of recalling former wrongs, but as a proof of his conversion. For the one he learnt from others, the other was his own, and retained by him when once received from you, so firmly, as to fortify him against all the arguments of his mother. He .professed that he owed his education to me, he longed for me as for a careful parent, and when some pretended to have received tidings of my arrival, he anticipated it with impatience. Moreover, on those very days of public mourning, although he had within the limits of Gaul holy and eminent bishops of the Lord, he thought proper nevertheless to write to me to confer upon him the Sacrament of Baptism. By this request, in an unreasonable but affectionate way, he gave testimony of his love towards me.

3. Shall I not then sigh after him with my inmost spirit, shall I not embrace him in the secret recesses of my heart and soul? Shall I deem him dead to me? Yes, indeed to me he is assuredly dead. How thankful was I to the Lord, that he was so changed towards me, so improved, and had assumed a character so much more mature. How thankful also was I to your Clemency, in that you had not only restored him to his kingdom, hut also, what is more, had disciplined him in your own faith and piety. Shall I not weep therefore that he, while fresh in years, and before he had obtained as he desired the grace of the Sacraments, has met with a sudden death? It has been a solace to my mind that you have yourself condescended to testify to my grief. I have your Majesty for judge of my affections and interpreter of my thoughts.

4. But hereafter we shall have time for sorrow; let us now care for his sepulture, which your Clemency has commanded to take place in this city. If he has died without Baptism, I now keep back what I know. We have here a most beautiful porphyry vessel, and well adapted for the purpose; for Maximian the colleague of Diocletian was so buried. There are also very precious tablets of porphyry, to encase the covering in which the royal remains are inclosed.

5. All this was prepared, but we waited for your Majesty's order; and its arrival has comforted your holy daughters, sisters of your son Valentinian, who greatly afflict themselves, and the more in that for a long while they received no answer. This has been no small solace to them, but so long as his remains lie unburied, they do not spare themselves, for they daily imagine that they are celebrating the funeral of their brother. And in truth they never are without many tears and heavy sorrow, and whenever they visit his body they return almost lifeless. It will be for their good therefore, and for that of his beloved remains, that the burial should shortly take place, lest the heat of summer should wholly dissolve them, for its first fervour is scarcely past.

6. I observe your command and commend it to the Lord; may He love you, for you love the Lord's servants.

1002 EPISTOLA LIII.

 Causam silentii sui aperiens, VALENTINIANI  obitum maxime propter summam ejus in Deum pietatem atque in se benevolentiam luget. Deinde nuntiato ad ejusdem sepulturam sibi praesto esse marmor, ut ea sororum illius causa maturetur, suadet. 

AMBROSIUS THEODOSIO imperatori.

1. Silentium meum rupit sermo clementiae tuae;  1165C nihil enim in tam tristibus rebus melius facere in animum induxeram, quam si fieri posset, me ipsum abdere. Sed quia in secessu aliquo delitescere et sacerdotio exire non poteram, vel silentio intra me latebam.

2. Doleo enim, fateor, dolore acerbo, non solum quod immatura aetate Valentinianus augustus decesserit, sed etiam quod informatus fide, ac tuis institutis tantam devotionem erga Deum nostrum induerat, atque tanto in me incubuerat affectu, ut quem ante persequebatur, nunc diligeret: quem ante ut adversarium repellebat, nunc ut parentem putaret.  1166A Quod ego non pro recordatione injuriae veteris exprompsi, sed pro testimonio conversionis. Illud enim alienum, hoc suum, quod a te infusum sibi ita tenuit, ut matris persuasionem excluderet. Ille se a me nutritum praeferebat; ille ut sedulum patrem desiderabat, ille simulato a quibusdam adventus mei nuntio, impatienter praestolabatur. Quin etiam illis ipsis publici doloris diebus, cum sanctos et summos sacerdotes Domini intra Gallias haberet; ut a me tamen sacramentis baptismatis initiaretur, scribendum arbitratus est: quod etsi non rationabiliter, amabiliter tamen erga me suum studium testificatus est.

3. Hunc ergo non intimo anhelem spiritu, secretisque mentis atque animi visceribus amplectar? Hunc  1166B mihi mortuum putem? Immo mihi magis mortuum. Quas ego Domino deferebam gratias, quod ita in me conversus esset, quod ita emendatus, quasi senioris cujusdam aetatis mores induisset: quas clementiae tuae, quod eum non solum regno reddidisses; sed etiam, quod est amplius, instituisses fidei et pietatis tuae disciplinis? Hunc ergo non doleam, aevi integrum, antequam sacramentorum quae 1003 desideravit, adipisceretur gratiam, repentina obisse morte? Refrigerasti animum, quod etiam ipse dignatus es ferre testimonium meo dolori. Te, Imperator, arbitrum teneo affectus mei, te meae mentis interpretem.

4. Sed flendi tempora alias non deerunt: nunc de sepultura ejus, quoniam scripsit clementia tua ita hic procurandam. Si exsors recessit baptismatis,  1166C quid cognoverim, nunc repressi. Est hic porphyreticum labrum pulcherrimum, et in usus hujusmodi aptissimum; nam et Maximianus Diocletiani socius ita humatus est. Sunt tabulae porphyreticae pretiosissimae, quibus vestiatur operculum, quo regales exuviae claudantur.

5. Hoc fuerat praeparatum, sed exspectabatur rescriptum clementiae tuae: cujus perceptione recreatae sunt sanctae filiae tuae, filii tui Valentiniani sorores, quae se gravibus afficiunt modis; et amplius exagitabantur, quod diu nihil scriberetur sibi. Unde iis non parum accessit solatii, sed dum inhumatae sunt reliquiae,  1167A nequaquam sibi parcunt; videntur enim sibi germani sui quotidianum funus tenere. Et re vera cum sine fletu magno ac sine dolore gravi numquam sint; tamen quotiescumque eo accedunt, exsangues revertuntur. Et ipsis igitur consuletur, et charissimis exuviis, si acceleretur sepultura, ne aestivo penitus solvantur calore; vix enim superiorem aestatem transegimus.

6. Mandatum tuum servo et commendo Domino. Diligat te Dominus, quia tu Domini servos diligis.