Chapter XXVI.

But let us see the manner in which this Celsus, who professes to know everything, brings a false accusation against the Jews, when he alleges that “they worship angels, and are addicted to sorcery, in which Moses was their instructor.”  Now, in what part of the writings of Moses he found the lawgiver laying down the worship of angels, let him tell, who professes to know all about Christianity and Judaism; and let him show also how sorcery can exist among those who have accepted the Mosaic law, and read the injunction, “Neither seek after wizards, to be defiled by them.”48    Lev. xix. 31.  Moreover, he promises to show afterwards “how it was through ignorance that the Jews were deceived and led into error.”  Now, if he had discovered that the ignorance of the Jews regarding Christ was the effect of their not having heard the prophecies about Him, he would show with truth how the Jews fell into error.  But without any wish whatever that this should appear, he views as Jewish errors what are no errors at all.  And Celsus having promised to make us acquainted, in a subsequent part of his work, with the doctrines of Judaism, proceeds in the first place to speak of our Saviour as having been the leader of our generation, in so far as we are Christians,49    ῾Ως γενομένου ἡγεμόνος τῇ καθὸ Χριστιανοί ἐσμεν γενέσει ἡμῶν. and says that “a few years ago he began to teach this doctrine, being regarded by Christians as the Son of God.”  Now, with respect to this point—His prior existence a few years ago—we have to remark as follows.  Could it have come to pass without divine assistance, that Jesus, desiring during these years to spread abroad His words and teaching, should have been so successful, that everywhere throughout the world, not a few persons, Greeks as well as Barbarians, learned as well as ignorant, adopted His doctrine, so that they struggled, even to death in its defence, rather than deny it, which no one is ever related to have done for any other system?  I indeed, from no wish to flatter50    οὐ κολακεύων. Christianity, but from a desire thoroughly to examine the facts, would say that even those who are engaged in the healing of numbers of sick persons, do not attain their object—the cure of the body—without divine help; and if one were to succeed in delivering souls from a flood of wickedness, and excesses, and acts of injustice, and from a contempt of God, and were to show, as evidence of such a result, one hundred persons improved in their natures (let us suppose the number to be so large), no one would reasonably say that it was without divine assistance that he had implanted in those hundred individuals a doctrine capable of removing so many evils.  And if any one, on a candid consideration of these things, shall admit that no improvement ever takes place among men without divine help, how much more confidently shall he make the same assertion regarding Jesus, when he compares the former lives of many converts to His doctrine with their after conduct, and reflects in what acts of licentiousness and injustice and covetousness they formerly indulged, until, as Celsus, and they who think with him, allege, “they were deceived,” and accepted a doctrine which, as these individuals assert, is destructive of the life of men; but who, from the time that they adopted it, have become in some way meeker, and more religious, and more consistent, so that certain among them, from a desire of exceeding chastity, and a wish to worship God with greater purity, abstain even from the permitted indulgences of (lawful) love.

Ἴδωμεν δὲ τίνα τρόπον συκοφαντεῖ Ἰουδαίους ὁ πάντ' ἐπαγγελλόμενος εἰδέναι Κέλσος, λέγων αὐτοὺς σέβειν ἀγγέλους καὶ γοητείᾳ προσκεῖσθαι, ἧς ὁ Μωϋσῆς αὐτοῖς γέγονεν ἐξηγητής. Ποῦ γὰρ τῶν γραμμάτων Μωϋσέως εὗρε τὸν νομοθέτην παραδιδόντα σέβειν ἀγγέλους, λεγέτω ὁ ἐπαγγελλόμενος εἰδέναι τὰ Χριστιανῶν καὶ Ἰουδαίων. Πῶς δὲ καὶ γοητεία παρὰ τοῖς παραδεξαμένοις τὸν Μωϋσέως νόμον ἐστίν, ἀνεγνωκόσι καὶ τὸ "τοῖς ἐπαοιδοῖς οὐ προσ κολληθήσεσθε ἐκμιανθῆναι ἐν αὐτοῖς"; Ἐπαγγέλλεται δὲ διδάξειν ἑξῆς, πῶς καὶ Ἰουδαῖοι ὑπὸ ἀμαθίας ἐσφάλησαν ἐξαπατώμενοι. Καὶ εἰ μὲν ηὕρισκε τὴν περὶ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν Ἰουδαίοις ἀμαθίαν, μὴ κατακούσασι τῶν περὶ αὐτοῦ προφητειῶν, ἀληθῶς ἂν ἐδίδαξε, πῶς ἐσφάλησαν Ἰουδαῖοι· νῦν δὲ ταῦτα οὐδὲ βουληθεὶς φαντασθῆναι τὰ μὴ σφάλματα Ἰουδαίων σφάλματα εἶναι ὑπολαμβάνει. Ἐπαγγειλάμενος δ' ὁ Κέλσος ὕστερον διδάξειν τὰ περὶ Ἰουδαίων, πρῶτον ποιεῖται τὸν λόγον περὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, ὡς γενομένου ἡγεμόνος τῇ καθὸ Χριστιανοί ἐσμεν γενέσει ἡμῶν, καί φησιν αὐτὸν πρὸ πάνυ ὀλίγων ἐτῶν τῆς διδασκαλίας ταύτης καθηγήσασθαι, νομισθέντα ὑπὸ Χρισ τιανῶν υἱὸν εἶναι τοῦ θεοῦ. Καὶ περὶ αὐτοῦ δὲ τοῦ πρὸ ὀλίγων ἐτῶν αὐτὸν γεγονέναι τοιαῦτα φήσομεν· ἆρα τὸ ἐν τοσούτοις ἔτεσι βουληθέντα σπεῖραι τὸν ἑαυτοῦ λόγον καὶ διδασκαλίαν τὸν Ἰησοῦν τοσοῦτον δεδυνῆσθαι, ὡς πολλαχοῦ τῆς καθ' ἡμᾶς οἰκουμένης διατεθῆναι πρὸς τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ οὐκ ὀλίγους Ἕλληνας καὶ βαρβάρους, σοφοὺς καὶ ἀνοήτους, ὥστε μέχρι θανάτου ἀγωνίζεσθαι ὑπὲρ χριστιανισμοῦ, ἵν' αὐτὸν μὴ ἐξομόσωνται, ὅπερ οὐδεὶς ὑπὲρ ἄλλου δόγματος ἱστόρηται ποιεῖν, ἀθεεὶ γεγένηται; Ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν οὐ κολα κεύων τὸν λόγον ἀλλὰ πειρώμενος τεθεωρημένως ἐξετάζειν τὰ πράγματα φήσαιμι ἂν ὅτι οὐδ' οἱ σώματα πολλὰ κάμνοντα θεραπεύοντες ἀθεεὶ τυγχάνουσι τοῦ κατὰ τὴν ὑγίειαν τῶν σωμάτων τέλους· εἰ δὲ καὶ ψυχάς τις δύναιτο ἀπαλλάττειν τῆς κατὰ τὴν κακίαν χύσεως καὶ ἀκολαστημάτων καὶ ἀδικοπραγημάτων καὶ τῆς περὶ τὸ θεῖον καταφρονήσεως, καὶ δεῖξιν διδοίη τοῦ τοιούτου ἔργου βελτιωθέντας τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἑκατόν–ἔστω γὰρ ἐπὶ τοσούτων ὁ λόγος–, οὐδὲ τοῦτον ἂν εὐλόγως φήσαι τις οὐκ ἀθεεὶ λόγον τοσούτων κακῶν ἀπαλλακτικὸν ἐμπεποιηκέναι τοῖς ἑκατόν; Εἰ δ' ὁ εὐγνωμόνως ταῦτα κατανοῶν συγκαταθήσεται τῷ μηδὲν κρεῖττον ἐν ἀνθρώποις γεγονέναι ἀθεεί, πόσῳ πλέον τὸ τοιοῦτον περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ θαρρῶν ἀποφανεῖται, συνεξετάζων πολλῶν προσερχομένων αὐτοῦ τῷ λόγῳ ἀρχαιοτέρους βίους μεταγενεστέροις καὶ κατανοῶν, ἐν ὅσαις μὲν ἀκολασίαις ὅσαις δὲ ἀδικίαις καὶ πλεονεξίαις ἕκαστος τῶνδε ἦν, πρίν, ὥς φησι Κέλσος καὶ οἱ τὰ αὐτὰ αὐτῷ νομίζοντες, ἀπατηθῶσι καὶ παραδέξωνται λόγον λυμαινόμενον, ὡς ἐκεῖνοι λέγουσι, τὸν τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίον, ἐξ οὗ δὲ παρειλήφασι τὸν λόγον, τίνα τρόπον γεγόνασιν ἐπιεικέστεροι καὶ σεμνότεροι καὶ εὐσταθέστεροι, ὥς τινας αὐτῶν διὰ τὸν ἔρωτα τῆς ὑπερ βαλλούσης καθαρότητος καὶ διὰ τὸ καθαρώτερον θρησκεύειν τὸ θεῖον μηδὲ τῶν συγκεχωρημένων ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου ἅπτεσθαι ἀφροδισίων;