the face of the Lord, according to David, and learns the cause of such a famine, that this injustice was against Saul, and against his house, with which he wronged the Gibeonites. For because, it says, he put the Gibeonites to death, as was previously observed. The house of Saul is his lineage, that is, those who love him. These would be those who adhere only to the letter. And David, it says, called the Gibeonites and said to them: What shall I do for you, and with what shall I make atonement, that you may bless the inheritance of the Lord? And they said to the king: The man who consumed us, and persecuted us, and plotted to exterminate us, let us destroy him, so that he may not stand in any territory of Israel. Give us seven men from his sons, and we will expose them to the sun for the Lord on the hill of Saul. And the king took the two sons of Rizpah, Saul’s concubine, Armoni and Mephibosheth, and the five sons of Merob, daughter of Saul, whom she bore to Adriel, and gave them into the hand of the Gibeonites, and they exposed them to the sun on the mountain before the Lord, and the seven fell there 77.1256 together, and were put to death in the days of harvest, in the beginning of the barley harvest. Therefore, everyone who has understood through practice the wrath of God that has come upon him, and has sought God through contemplation, is taught the cause, as was said before; and is commanded to deliver up the two sons and five grandsons of Saul to death. Two sons, both sin according to the body, and again sin according to the mind, that is, that according to act and that according to habit; I mean, that according to deed, and that according to consent. And five grandsons, the five uses of the five senses. Now the mother of the sons of Saul is Rizpah, which is interpreted as "course of the mouth." The utterance of the law through the mouth alone, and not an ascent through a higher mind, fittingly begets the two sons who have been indicated. And the mother of his sons, Merob, which is interpreted as "fullness of the throat," or gluttony. She, in turn, consequently begets the aforementioned misuses; and Rizpah, a concubine, because of the unseemly and unworthy union with the law. For the law must not be uttered by the mouth alone, but also through higher contemplation; which begets gluttony. And so that we may also unfold the names of the sons of Rizpah, Armoni is interpreted as "anathema"; such is sin according to the body, which dedicates the one who commits it to the demon. And Mephibosheth, "shame." Such again is sin according to the mind, which shames the mind, which is the glory of the soul. And since the text also mentioned Adriel, the husband of Merob, and Adriel is interpreted as "powerful gaze"; such is the mind; Adriel would be the mind that is inclined to gluttony and is intimate with it. Therefore, everyone who seeks the face of the Lord according to David, slays the aforementioned sons and grandsons of Saul, through the midst of natural contemplation, in the height of knowledge, just as that one slew those ones through the Gibeonites on the mountain, and exposes them to the sun before the Lord; that is, he shows them to be dead in the presence of the Lord. For by "exposure to the sun" here we understand the manifestation, which the passions suffer, being triumphed over by the high reasonings of nature according to high contemplation. And thus he propitiates God. The beginning of the barley harvest is the beginning of piety according to natural contemplation, when the thoughts that nourish the irrational part of the soul are harvested. But how do the Gibeonites say to destroy Saul from every territory of Israel, even though Merib-baal, the son of Jonathan and grandson of Saul, was saved by God, and many other relatives of Saul, as the book of Chronicles teaches? But, as it seems, the illogical was providentially mixed into the history, so that by seeking in the spiritual interpretation, we might find what is logical. For when the higher reasonings according to natural contemplation the yielding
τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Κυρίου, κατὰ τὸν ∆αβὶδ, καὶ μανθάνει τὴν αἰτίαν τοῦ τοιούτου λιμοῦ, ὅτι κατὰ τοῦ Σαοὺλ, καὶ κατὰ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ ἡ ἀδικία αὕτη, ἣν ἠδίκησε τοὺς Γαβαωνίτας. Ἀνθ' ὅτου γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐθανάτωσε τοὺς Γαβαωνίτας, ὡς προτεθεώρηται. Οἶκος δὲ Σαοὺλ τὸ γένος αὐτοῦ, τοῦτ' ἔστιν, οἱ ἀγαπῶντες αὐτόν. Εἶεν δ' ἂν οὗτοι οἱ μόνοι τοῦ γράμματος ἀντεχόμενοι. Καὶ ἐκάλεσε, φησὶ, ∆αβὶδ τοὺς Γαβαωνίτας καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Τί ποιήσω ὑμῖν, καὶ ἐν τίνι ἐξιλάσομαι, καὶ εὐλογήσετε τὴν κληρονομίαν Κυρίου; Καὶ εἶπον πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα· Ὁ ἀνὴρ ὃς συνετέλεσεν ἡμᾶς, καὶ ἐδίωξεν ἡμᾶς, καὶ ἐλογίσατο ἐξολοθρεῦσαι ἡμᾶς, ἀφανίσωμεν αὐτὸν, τοῦ μὴ ἑστάναι αὐτὸν ἐν παντὶ ὁρίῳ Ἰσραήλ. ∆ότε ἡμῖν ζʹ ἄνδρας ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξηλιάσομεν αὐτοὺς τῷ Κυρίῳ ἐν τῷ βουνῷ Σαούλ. Καὶ ἔλαβεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοὺς βʹ υἱοὺς Ῥεσφᾶς παλλακῆς Σαοὺλ, τὸν Ἑρμονθὶ, καὶ τὸν Μεμφιβοσὲθ, καὶ τοὺς εʹ υἱοὺς Μερὼβ θυγατρὸς Σαοὺλ, οὓς ἔτεκε τῷ Ἐσριὴλ, καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοὺς ἐν χειρὶ τῶν Γαβαονιτῶν, καὶ ἐξηλίασαν αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ ὄρει ἐναντίον Κυρίου, καὶ ἔπεσον ἐκεῖ οἱ ζʹ 77.1256 ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ, καὶ ἐθανατώθησαν ἐν ἡμέραις θερισμοῦ, ἐν ἀρχῇ θερισμοῦ κριθῶν. Πᾶς τοιγαροῦν ὁ μὲν διὰ πράξεως κατανοήσας τὴν ἐπισκήψασαν ὀργὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ, διὰ δὲ θεωρίας ἐκζητήσας τὸν Θεὸν, διδάσκεται μὲν τὴν αἰτίαν, ὡς προείρηται· κελεύεται δὲ ἐκδοῦναι τοὺς βʹ υἱοὺς, καὶ πέντε υἱωνοὺς τοῦ Σαοὺλ, εἰς θάνατον. ∆ύο μὲν υἱοὺς, τήν τε κατὰ σῶμα ἁμαρτίαν, καὶ τὴν κατὰ νοῦν αὖθις ἁμαρτίαν, ἤτοι τὴν κατ' ἐνέργειαν καὶ τὴν καθ' ἕξιν· φημὶ δὴ τὴν κατὰ πρᾶξιν, καὶ τὴν κατὰ συγκατάθεσιν. Πέντε δὲ υἱωνοὺς, τὰς πέντε χρήσεις τῶν πέντε αἰσθήσεων. Μήτηρ μὲν οὖν τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ Σαοὺλ, Ῥεσφὰ, ἥτις ἑρμηνεύεται δρόμος στόματος. Ἡ δὲ διὰ μόνου στόματος προφορὰ τοῦ νόμου, καὶ μὴ δι' ὑψηλοτέρου νοὸς ἀνάβασις, εἰκότως γεννᾷ τοὺς δηλωθέντας βʹ υἱούς. Μήτηρ δὲ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ Μερώβ· ἥτις ἑρμηνεύεται πλησμονὴ φάρυγγος, ἤτοι γαστριμαργία. Αὕτη δὲ πάλιν ἀκολούθως γεννᾷ τὰς εἰρημένας παραχρήσεις· καὶ ἡ μὲν Ῥεσφὰ, παλλακὴ, διὰ τὴν ἀπρεπῆ καὶ ἀναξίαν τοῦ νόμου μίξιν. ∆εῖ γὰρ μὴ διὰ μόνου στόματος προφέρεσθαι τὸν νόμον· ἀλλὰ καὶ δι' ὑψηλοτέρας θεωρίας· ἣ γεννᾷ τὴν γαστριμαργίαν. Ἵνα δὲ καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἐκ Ῥεσφᾶς υἱῶν ἀναπτύξωμεν, Ἑρμοθὶ μὲν ἑρμηνεύεται ἀνάθεμα· τοιοῦτον δὲ ἡ κατὰ σῶμα ἁμαρτία, ἀνατιθεῖσα τῷ δαίμονι τὸν ταύτην ἐνεργοῦντα. Μεμφιβοσθὲ δὲ αἰσχύνη. Τοιοῦτον δὲ πάλιν ἡ κατὰ νοῦν ἁμαρτία, αἰσχύνουσα τὸν νοῦν, ὅς ἐστι δόξα ψυχῆς. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ Ἐσδριὴλ, τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τῆς Μερὼβ ἐμνημόνευσεν ὁ λόγος, ἑρμηνεύεται δὲ Ἐσδριὴλ βλέψις δυνατή· τοιοῦτον δὲ ὁ νοῦς· εἴη ἂν Ἐσδριὴλ, ὁ ἐπικλινόμενος τῇ γαστριμαργίᾳ νοῦς, καὶ συγγινόμενος αὐτῇ. Τοιγαροῦν πᾶς ἐκζητῶν τὸ πρόσωπον Κυρίου κατὰ τὸν ∆αβὶδ, ἀναιρεῖ τοὺς εἰρημένους υἱοὺς καὶ υἱωνοὺς τοῦ Σαοὺλ, διὰ μέσης τῆς φυσικῆς θεωρίας, ἐν τῷ ὕψει τῆς γνώσεως, ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνους διὰ τῶν Γαβαωνιτῶν ἐν τῷ ὄρει, καὶ ἐξηλιάζει αὐτοὺς ἔναντι Κυρίου· τοῦτ' ἔστι, δείκνυσιν αὐτοὺς νεκροὺς ἐνώπιον Κυρίου. Ἐξηλιασμὸν γὰρ ἐνταῦθα νοοῦμεν τὴν φανέρωσιν, ἣν τὰ πάθη πάσχουσι, διὰ τῶν ὑψηλῶν τῆς φύσεως λογισμῶν κατὰ τὴν ὑψηλὴν θεωρίαν θριαμβευόμενα. Καὶ οὕτως ἐξιλεοῦται τὸν Θεόν. Ἀρχὴ δὲ θερισμοῦ κριθῶν, ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κατὰ φυσικὴν θεωρίαν εὐσεβείας, ὅτε θερίζονται τὰ θρεπτικὰ τοῦ ἀλόγου μέρους τῆς ψυχῆς νοήματα. Ἀλλὰ πῶς οἱ Γαβαωνῖται λέγουσιν ἀφανίσαι τὸν Σαοὺλ ἐκ παντὸς ὁρίου Ἰσραὴλ, καίτοι Μαριβαὰλ τοῦ υἱοῦ μὲν Ἰωνάθαν, υἱωνοῦ δὲ Σαοὺλ, παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ διασωθέντος, καὶ ἄλλων πολλῶν συγγενείας Σαοὺλ, ὡς ἡ τῶν Παραλειπομένων διδάσκει βίβλος; Ἀλλ', ὡς ἔοικεν, οἰκονομικῶς παρεμίγη τῇ ἱστορίᾳ τὸ παράλογον, ἵνα ζητήσαντες ἐν τῇ ἀναγωγῇ, τὸ εὔλογον εὕρωμεν. Ὅταν γὰρ οἱ κατὰ τὴν φυσικὴν θεωρίαν ὑψηλότεροι λόγοι τὸ ἐνδόσιμον