Georgius Pachymeres, Chronicle I

the despot a son-in-law for Helen, and he had another for Anna, William, the Prince of Achaea; having sent to Manfred, he received three thousand of those they call *caballarii*, brave men from the Germans, and he had the entire prince with his forces. He also had his illegitimate son John, who contributed the most with his own people; for he, already on his own, living with the daughter of Taronas, having an exceptional people, was able even alone to lead an army and make acquisitions; for he led the ancient Greeks, whom Achilles led, calling them Great Vlachs, so that he did not allow Palaiologos and the Grand Domestic John, Alexios Strategopoulos, and thirdly John Raoul, who had numerous forces around them, to advance beyond Beroia. Therefore, at that time, the despot, having gathered all the aforementioned men, and having as many of his own men as possible, turned over in his mind to first attack the generals and, having joined battle, as he thought, to assault Thessalonica and to overrun the western regions and even to make an attempt on Constantinople itself; for this also happened to be opportune for him, because Manfred too had it as a kind of inheritance from his father Theuderic to be an apostate from the church, so that it was not strange for Germans to fight with the Italians in 119 the city; and indeed the prince was on his own, having been allotted all the lands around Achaea and the Morea. When, therefore, the forces came together to the same place and were already preparing for war—for not even the generals could remain quiet, learning that so great an Italian force had been gathered, but they too on their side were making preparations—so, just as the despot's men were about to join battle and attack, that fabled Eris, who cast the apple among the three goddesses to incite a quarrel over beauty, she fell upon these men as well. And the cause was nearly similar.

31. How the prince of Achaea was captured by the Romans. For it is said that the magnates around the prince, whom they call *caballarii*, some of them were casting lustful eyes upon the wife of the Doux John, whom the account also showed to be the daughter of Taronas. This, then, was to her husband a manifest insult and contempt; and indeed, feeling insulted by these things, he acted terribly and threatened to retaliate against those who had insulted him. And there was a strong quarrel on both sides, and it armed itself for war, and those who had been called to fight together now stood against each other. Then it is said that the prince himself, seeing the fight, became indignant, and while he could not rebuke his own men, he mocked and ridiculed the Doux exceedingly and reproached him very plainly for his birth, as being a bastard, and said, pointing to Nikephoros, "this is my brother, but you are obscure and not only not free, but even his slave." When the prince had said these things with gravity, John became another Achilles in his wrath. Then, wishing to show that he himself was the entirety of the army and that whomever he sided with would be victorious, he sent a secret message by night to the generals, informing them that he himself would be with them 121 and that he would attack the Italians with him, who were stupid and effeminate, if only they would advance. However, while making these oaths to them, he kept faith with his father and his brother Nikephoros, so that, having kept them unharmed, they should advance against the rest, who were Italians, and especially against the prince's men. When they had agreed to these things and exchanged sacred amulets as oaths, a very great battle broke out, on the one side the Romans with Persians and a great many Scythians, and on the other the Italians of the prince; for by threatening them with terrible things, he made his father and brother, along with their men, grow numb to the battle and not only put off the war, but even to retreat hastily, while he himself, attacking the Italians from the rear, wrought havoc. And then the Italians knew they were betrayed and fled; but they did not escape the danger, but many, by the Scythian

Ἑλένῃ γαμβρὸν ὁ δεσπότης, εἶχε δὲ καὶ ἄλλον ἐπὶ τῇ Ἄννῃ τὸν πρίγκιπα τῆς Ἀχαΐας Γουλίελμον· πέμψας παρὰ μὲν τοῦ Μαφρὲ τρισχιλίους οὓς αὐτοὶ λέγουσι καβαλλαρίους λαμβάνει, ἀνδρείους ἐκ Γερμανῶν, τὸν δέ γε πρίγκιπα ὅλον εἶχε σὺν τοῖς στρατεύμασιν. Εἶχε δὲ καὶ τὸν ἐκ νοθείας υἱὸν Ἰωάννην, μετὰ τοῦ οἰκείου λαοῦ τὰ μέγιστα συναιρόμενον· ἐκεῖνος καὶ γὰρ ἤδη καθ' αὑτόν, τῇ τοῦ Ταρωνᾶ θυγατρὶ συνών, λαὸν ἔξαιτον ἔχων, δυνατὸς ἦν καὶ μόνος στρατηγεῖν καὶ προσκτᾶσθαι· τοὺς γὰρ τὸ παλαιὸν Ἕλληνας, οὓς Ἀχιλλεὺς ἦγε, Μεγαλοβλαχίτας καλῶν, ἐπεφέρετο, ὥστε μηδ' ἔξω προ βαίνειν εἴα Βερροίας τὸν Παλαιολόγον καὶ μέγαν δομέστικον Ἰωάννην, τὸν Στρατηγόπουλον Ἀλέξιον καὶ τρίτον τὸν Ῥαοὺλ Ἰωάννην, συχνὰς δυνάμειπερὶ αὐτοὺς ἔχοντας. Τότε τοίνυν συναγαγὼν πάντας ὁ δεσπότης τοὺς εἰρημένους, ἔχων καὶ τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ ἐς ὅτι πλείστους, προσκροῦσαι μὲν τὰ πρῶτα τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ συρρήξας, ὡς ᾤετο, προσβαλεῖν Θεσσαλονίκῃ καὶ τὰ κατὰ δύσιν καταδραμεῖν καὶ αὐτῆς δὴ πειραθῆναι Κωνσταντινου πόλεως ἐπὶ νοῦν ἔστρεφεν· εὔκαιρον γὰρ καὶ τοῦτό οἱ ξυνέπιπτεν, ἐξ αἰτίας τῆς ὅτι καὶ ὁ Μαφρὲ παρὰ πατρὸς Θευδερίχου ὡς κλῆρόν τινα εἶχε τὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἀποστατεῖν, ὥστε μὴ ξένον εἶναι τὸ Γερμανοὺς τοῖς ἐν 119 τῇ πόλει Ἰταλοῖς μάχεσθαι· καί γε ὁ πρίγκιψ καθ' αὑτὸν ἦν, τὰ περί τε τὴν Ἀχαΐαν πᾶσαν καὶ τὸν Μορέαν προσκεκληρωμένος. Ἐπεὶ οὖν εἰς ταὐτὸν αἱ δυνάμεις συνῆσαν καὶ ἤδη πρὸς πόλεμον ἡτοιμάζοντοοὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδ' οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠρεμεῖν εἶχον, τόσον συνηθροῖσθαι τὸ Ἰταλικὸν πυνθα νόμενοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἑτέρωθεν ηὐτρεπίζοντο, ὡς γοῦν ὅσον οὔπω ὁμαιχμήσαντες οἱ τοῦ δεσπότου ἔμελλον προσβαλεῖν, ἡ μυθευομένη Ἔρις ἐκείνη, ἡ μεταξὺ τῶν τριῶν θεαινῶν τὸ μῆλον ῥίψασα πρὸς φιλονεικίαν τὴν περὶ κάλλους, ἐκείνη καὶ τούτοις ἐμπίπτει. Καὶ ἡ αἰτία παρὰ μικρὸν ἐμφερής.

λαʹ. Ὅπως ὁ τῆς Ἀχαΐας πρίγκιψ Ῥωμαίοις ἑάλω. Λέγεται γὰρ τοὺς περὶ τὸν πρίγκιπα μεγιστᾶνας, οὓς ἐκεῖνοι καβαλλαρίους λέγουσι, τούτων τινὰς ἐποφθαλμίζειν κατ' ἔρωτας τῇ τοῦ ∆ούκα Ἰωάννου συζύγῳ, ἣν καὶ τοῦ Ταρωνᾶ θυγατέρα ὁ λόγος ἐδείκνυ. Τοῦτο δ' ἦν ἄρα τῷ ἐκείνης ἀνδρὶ εἰς προφανῆ τινα ὕβριν καὶ καταφρόνησιν· καὶ δὴ ὑβριοπαθῶν ἐκεῖνος ἐν τούτοις δεινὰ ἐποίει καὶ τοῖς ὑβρίσασιν ἀνταμύνεσθαι κατηπείλει. Καὶ ἔρις ἦν ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἰσχυρά, καὶ εἰς πόλεμον ἐκορύσσετο, καὶ οἱ εἰς ὁμαιχμίαν κληθέντες κατ' ἀλλήλων συνίσταντο. Τότε λέγεται καὶ αὐτὸν πρίγκιπα, ὁρῶντα τὴν μάχην, ἀγανακτεῖν, καὶ τοῖς μὲν σφετέροις μὴ ἔχειν ἐπιπλήττειν, τῷ δέ γε ∆ούκᾳ καὶ λίαν ἐπιμωκησάμενον χλευάσαι καὶ τὰ εἰς γένος, ὡς νόθος, μάλα λαμπρῶς ὀνειδίσαι, καὶ ὡς οὗτος εἴη φάναι, τὸν Νικηφόρον δείξας, ὁ ἐμὸς ἀδελφός, σὺ δὲ σκότιος καὶ οὐχ ὅπως ἐλεύθερος, ἀλλὰ καὶ δοῦλος αὐτοῦ. Ταῦτα μετ' ἐμβριθείας εἰπόντος τοῦ πρίγκιπος, Ἀχιλλεὺς ἦν ἄλλος ὁ Ἰωάννης μηνίσας. Τότε θέλων δεῖξαι αὐτὸς ὢν τὸ πᾶν τοῦ στρατοῦ καί, οἷς ἂν προσκέοιτο, ἐκείνους νικῶντας, πέμψας δι' ἀπορρήτων νυκτὸς τοῖς στρατηγοῖς διαμηνύεται ὡς αὐτὸς μετ' αὐτῶν 121 ἔσται καὶ ὡς ἐπιθήσεται τοῖς μετ' αὐτοῦ Ἰταλοῖς, βλαξὶ καὶ τρυφεροῖς οὖσιν, εἰ μόνον ἐκεῖνοι ὁρμῷεν. Πλὴν καθιστῶν πρὸς ἐκείνους τοὺς ὅρκους, τὰ πιστὰ ἐτήρει τοῖς περὶ τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὸν αὐτοῦ ἀδελφὸν Νικηφόρον, ὥστε, ἀλωβήτους αὐτοὺς διατηρήσαντας, τοῖς λοιποῖς, Ἰταλοῖς οὖσι, καὶ διαφε ρόντως τοῖς τοῦ πρίγκιπος, ὁμόσε χωρεῖν. Ταῦτα συνθεμένων ἐκείνων καὶ ἀνταλλαξάντων εἰς ὅρκους τὰ ἱερὰ περιάμματα, συρρήγνυται μάχη μεγίστη ἔνθεν μὲν Ῥωμαίοις σὺν Πέρσαις καὶ Σκυθικῷ πλείστῳ, ἐκεῖθεν δὲ τοῖς τοῦ πρίγκιπος Ἰταλοῖς· τὸν γὰρ πατέρα καὶ ἀδελφὸν σὺν τοῖς περὶ ἐκείνους, σφίσι τὰ δεινὰ ἐπισείσας, ἀποναρκᾶν πρὸς τὴν μάχην ἐποίει καὶ οὐχ ὅπως τὸν πόλεμον ἀναβάλλεσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὸ πόδα ἀναχωρεῖν, αὐτὸς δέ, κατὰ νώτου τοῖς Ἰταλοῖς προσ επιτιθέμενος, δεινὰ ἐποίει. Καὶ τότε ἔγνωσαν Ἰταλοὶ παραδεδομένοι καὶ ἀπεδίδρασκον· οὐ μὴν δὲ καὶ τὸν κίνδυνον ὑπεξέφυγον, ἀλλὰ πολλοί, τῷ Σκυθικῷ