§29. The balance of powers in Nature shews that it is not God, either collectively, or in parts.

And in yet another way one may refute their godlessness by the light of truth. For if God is incorporeal and invisible and intangible by nature, how do they imagine God to be a body, and worship with divine honour things which we both see with our eyes and touch with our hands? 2. And again, if what is said of God hold true, namely, that He is almighty, and that while nothing has power over Him, He has power and rule over all, how can they who deify creation fail to see that it does not satisfy this definition of God? For when the sun is under the earth, the earth’s shadow makes his light invisible, while by day the sun hides the moon by the brilliancy of his light. And hail ofttimes injures the fruits of the earth, while fire is put out if an overflow of water take place. And spring makes winter give place, while summer will not suffer spring to outstay its proper limits, and it in its turn is forbidden by autumn to outstep its own season. 3. If then they were gods, they ought not to be defeated and obscured by one another, but always to co-exist, and to discharge their respective functions simultaneously. Both by night and by day the sun and the moon and the rest of the band of stars ought to shine equally together, and give their light to all, so that all things might be illumined by them. Spring and summer and autumn and winter ought to go on without alteration, and together. The sea ought to mingle with the springs, and furnish their drink to man in common. Calms and windy blasts ought to take place at the same time. Fire and water together ought to furnish the same service to man. For no one would take any hurt from them, if they are gods, as our opponents say, and do nothing for hurt, but rather all things for good. 4. But if none of these things are possible, because of their mutual incompatibility, how does it remain possible to give to these things, mutually incompatible and at strife, and unable to combine, the name of gods, or to worship them with the honours due to God? How could things naturally discordant give peace to others for their prayers, and become to them authors of concord? It is not then likely that the sun or the moon, or any other part of creation, still less statues in stone, gold, or other material, or the Zeus, Apollo, and the rest, who are the subject of the poet’s fables, are true gods: this our argument has shewn. But some of these are parts of creation, others have no life, others have been mere mortal men. Therefore their worship and deification is no part of religion, but the bringing in of godlessness and of all impiety, and a sign of a wide departure from the knowledge of the one true God, namely the Father of Christ. 5. Since then this is thus proved, and the idolatry of the Greeks is shewn to be full of all ungodliness, and that its introduction has been not for the good, but for the ruin, of human life;—come now, as our argument promised at the outset, let us, after having confuted error, travel the way of truth, and behold the Leader and Artificer of the Universe, the Word of the Father, in order that through Him we may apprehend the Father, and that the Greeks may know how far they have separated themselves from the truth.

29 Καὶ ἄλλως δ' ἄν τις αὐτῶν ἐλέγξειε τὴν ἀθεότητα κατὰ τὴν τῆς ἀληθείας θεωρίαν. εἰ γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς ἀσώματός ἐστι, καὶ ἀόρατος, καὶ ἄψαυστος τῇ φύσει, πῶς σῶμα τὸν Θεὸν ἐπινοοῦσι, καὶ τὰ φαινόμενα τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς καὶ ὧν ψαύομεν τῇ χειρὶ θρησκεύουσι τῇ Θεοῦ τιμῇ; καὶ πάλιν, εἰ ὁ περὶ Θεοῦ κρατεῖ λόγος, δυνατὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι κατὰ πάντα, καὶ μηδὲν μὲν αὐτοῦ κρατεῖν, αὐτὸν δὲ τῶν πάντων κρατεῖν καὶ δεσπόζειν· πῶς οἱ τὴν κτίσιν θεοποιοῦντες οὐχ ὁρῶσιν αὐτὴν ἐκτὸς οὖσαν τοῦ τοιούτου περὶ Θεοῦ ὅρου; ἡλίου μὲν γὰρ ὑπὸ γῆν γενομένου, τὸ φῶς ἡ γῆ σκιάζει μὴ ὁρᾶσθαι· σελήνην δὲ μεθ' ἡμέραν ὁ ἥλιος ἐπικρύπτει τῇ τοῦ φωτὸς λαμπηδόνι. καὶ γῆς μὲν τοὺς καρποὺς πολλάκις χάλαζα βλάπτει· τὸ πῦρ δέ, εἰ γένοιτό τις ὑδάτων πλημμύρα, σβέννυται. καὶ χειμῶνα μὲν ἔαρ παραγκωνίζεται, θέρος δὲ τὸ ἔαρ ὑπερβῆναι τοὺς ὅρους οὐκ ἐπιτρέπει, καὶ αὐτὸ πάλιν ὑπὸ τοῦ μετοπώρου κωλυόμενον τὰς ἰδίας ὥρας ἐξέρχεσθαι. εἴπερ οὖν ἦσαν θεοί, ἔδει τούτους μὴ ὑπ' ἀλλήλων ἡττᾶσθαι καὶ ἐπικρύπτε σθαι, ἀλλὰ πάντοτε ἀλλήλοις συνεῖναι, καὶ κοινὰς ἅμα τὰς ἐνεργείας ἐπιτελεῖν· ἔδει μεθ' ἡμέραν καὶ μετὰ νύκτα ἥλιον ὁμοῦ καὶ σελήνην καὶ τὸν ἄλλον τῶν ἀστέρων χορὸν ἴσον ἔχειν τὸ φῶς, καὶ τοῦτο πᾶσι λάμπειν, καὶ πάντα παρ' αὐτῶν καταυγάζεσθαι· ἔδει θέρος ὁμοῦ καὶ χειμῶνα καὶ ἔαρ καὶ μετόπωρον ἀπαραλλάκτως καὶ κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ συνίστασθαι· ἔδει τὴν θάλασσαν ταῖς πηγαῖς ἐπιμίγνυσθαι καὶ κοινὸν ἀνθρώποις τὸ πόμα παρέχειν· ἔδει νηνεμίας καὶ τῶν ἀνέμων τὰς πνοὰς ἐν ταὐτῷ γίνεσθαι· ἔδει τὸ πῦρ ὁμοῦ καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ κοινὴν καὶ μίαν ἀνθρώποις τὴν χρείαν παρέχειν. οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ βλάβην ἄν τις ἐξ αὐτῶν ὑπέμεινε, θεῶν ὄντων κατ' αὐτούς, καὶ μηδὲν ἐπὶ βλάβῃ, ἐπ' ὠφελείᾳ δὲ μᾶλλον πάντα ποιούντων. εἰ δὲ ταῦτα γίνεσθαι ἀδύνατον διὰ τὴν πρὸς ἄλληλα ἐναντιότητα, πῶς οἷόν τε ταῦτα ἀλλήλοις ἐναντία καὶ μαχόμενα, καὶ μὴ δυνάμενα ἀλλήλοις συστῆναι, ἔτι θεοὺς ὀνομάζειν ἢ Θεοῦ θρησκεύεσθαι τιμαῖς; τὰ δὲ πρὸς ἑαυτὰ ἀσύμφωνον τὴν φύσιν ἔχοντα πῶς ἂν ἄλλοις εὐχομένοις εἰρήνην παρέχοιεν, καὶ ὁμονοίας αὐτοῖς γένοιντο πρυτάνεις; οὔτε οὖν ἥλιος εἰκότως, οὔτε σελήνην, οὔτε ἄλλο τι μέρος τῆς κτίσεως, πολλῷ δὲ πλέον οὐδὲ τὰ ἐν λίθοις καὶ χρυσῷ καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις ὕλαις ἀγάλματα, οὐδὲ οἱ παρὰ ποιηταῖς μυθολογούμενοι Ζεὺς καὶ Ἀπόλ λων καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι εἶεν ἀληθῶς θεοί, ὡς ὁ λόγος ἀπέδειξεν· ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν αὐτῶν μέρη τῆς κτίσεώς ἐστι, τὰ δὲ αὐτῶν ἄψυχα τυγχάνει, τὰ δὲ μόνον ἄνθρωποι θνητοὶ γεγόνασι. διὸ καὶ ἡ περὶ ταῦτα θρησκεία καὶ θεοποιία οὐκ εὐσεβείας, ἀλλὰ ἀθεότητος καὶ πάσης ἀσεβείας ἐστὶν εἰσήγησις, καὶ μεγάλης πλάνης ἔλεγχος ἀπὸ τῆς πρὸς τὸν ἕνα καὶ μόνον ἀληθινὸν Θεὸν γνώσεως, λέγω δὴ τὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ Πατέρα. Ὅτε τοίνυν ταῦθ' οὕτως ἐλέγχεται καὶ δέδεικται ἡ παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν εἰδωλολατρεία πάσης ἀθεότητος οὖσα μεστή, καὶ οὐκ ἐπ' ὠφελείᾳ, ἀλλ' ἐπ' ἀπωλείᾳ τῷ βίῳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων εἰσαχθεῖσα· φέρε λοιπόν, ὡς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁ λόγος ἐπηγγείλατο, τῆς πλάνης διελεγχθείσης, τὴν τῆς ἀληθείας ὁδὸν ὁδεύσωμεν, καὶ θεωρήσωμεν τὸν ἡγεμόνα καὶ δημιουργὸν τοῦ παντὸς τὸν τοῦ Πατρὸς Λόγον, ἵνα δι' αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν τούτου Πατέρα Θεὸν κατανοήσωμεν, καὶ γνῶσιν Ἕλληνες ὅσον τῆς ἀληθείας ἑαυτοὺς ἀπεσχοίνισαν.