32

as he should have been doing. Whence also in the future, continuous and great wars broke out for them and for both. And these things were being done in this way.

32. How the Despot Michael defeats the Romans and captures the Caesar. The Despot Michael, however, now also deprived of his power by these things—for he had made use of a very large alliance from the Prince of Achaia, and moreover having been badly beaten afterwards by those with the then sebastokrator John Palaiologos, so as to be in utter straits regarding both his lands and his military force itself, having sent to Mafre, the king of Apulia and his own son-in-law by his daughter, and having received a very large alliance, hands over the forces to his son Nikephoros—he himself also cooperating, who also, having joined battle near Trikoryphon with those around the Caesar and having engaged in a terrible fight, caused very many of the Nicaeans to fall, and killed very many others, 127 while surrounding others, and he captures the Caesar himself. And when he was released again after truces were made, he then cooperated in the affairs of the city, about which will be spoken shortly, but later, attacking the westerners again, he is captured again and then he is sent by the Despot Michael to Mafre, the king of Apulia, and is indeed given into his custody; but some time later he is exchanged for the Despoina Anna, who was Mafre's sister. But these things we shall speak of hereafter.

129 {SECOND BOOK OF WRITTEN HISTORIES}.

How the Patriarch Arsenios was in cares concerning the rule. But for Arsenios

the patriarch, the necessity of Palaiologos's establishment in the emperorship, being great and inescapable, began new cares. For with the exception of a few, and these not having the opportunity because of the will of the others, who were many and great, whereby they might have checked it, manifestly all the others were of one counsel and opinion, being content if they should be ruled by him. For the best kingship is not that from birth, nor that by lot, which even the unworthy can obtain by some slip of fortune, into which the very worst men, having crept in, often go unnoticed, whom indeed the good ruler would reject and have them be tested in the lot of subjects, but that from virtue and the best trial of those he is about to rule. For this is also profitable to the masses, when those established in rule yield to the reason for which they were called. For we would not call a physician sufficient to restore health to the sick who is by chance or by birth; and if we approve the one who will pilot from birth, we will set a sinker of ships rather than a pilot over the ship. And in this way he who is rather in need of purification, or rather education, in order to rule well, is in danger of being most impure, at once born and at once taken up in royal luxuries and extravagances, with flattery lying in wait, and with truth out of the way, and the worst things being glossed over as the best. As the old saying has it, when it was possible to hear from flatterers that even a cough was melodious for the one who was at once ruling and at once suffering, and if anyone admonishing should mutter, he was slandered as disloyal and most wicked, as if their advice 131 were a command. And those who are displeased at what has happened flatter no less, venerating the ruler beyond measure, and increase his arrogance; but those, as if putting on different masks on a stage, think that birth is a guarantee for ruling excellently, as if in the first sowings of the seeds some royal powers for excellent leadership were present. Saying these things, they pressed on more to see the Despot both crowned and accomplished, compelling him continuously. For Palaiologos, also, having been encouraged by this, was saying the same things and how, if he should not be judged worthy of the leadership and the one from

32

ἐχρῆν, πράττοντος. Ὅθεν καὶ εἰς τὸ μετέπειτα συνεχεῖς καὶ μεγάλοι σφίσι καὶ ἀμφοτέροις ἀνερρώγασι πόλεμοι. Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἐπράττετο τῇδε.

λβʹ. Ὅπως ὁ δεσπότης Μιχαὴλ νικᾷ Ῥωμαίους καὶ αἱρεῖ καίσαρα. Ὁ μέντοι γε δεσπότης Μιχαήλ, νῦν μὲν καὶ ἀπὸ τούτων κολουθεὶς τῆς δυνάμεωςπλείστῃ γὰρ ἐχρᾶτο καὶ παρὰ τοῦ τῆς Ἀχαΐας πρίγκιπος τῇ συμμαχίᾳ, ἔτι δὲ καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἀμφὶ τὸν τότε σεβαστοκράτορα Ἰωάννην τὸν Παλαιολόγον μεθ' ὕστερον τὰ πολλὰ κακωθείς, ὡς καὶ ἐν στενῷ καταστῆναι πάμπαν τῶν τε χωρῶν καὶ αὐτῆς τῆς στρατιωτικῆς δυνάμεως, πέμψας πρὸς Μαφρέ, τὸν τῆς Πουλείας ῥῆγα καί γ' ἐπὶ θυγατρὶ γαμβρὸν ἑαυ τοῦ, καὶ πλείστην συμμαχίαν λαβών, παραδίδωσι τὰς δυνάμεις τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ Νικηφόρῳσυμπράττων κἀκεῖνος, ὃς καί, συμβαλὼν περὶ τὴν Τρικό ρυφον τοῖς ἀμφὶ τὸν καίσαρα καὶ μάχην συρράξας δεινήν, πλείστους τε πεσεῖν τῶν Νικαέων παρεσκεύασε, πλείστους τε καὶ ἄλλους οὓς μὲν φονεύσας, 127 οὓς δὲ περισχών, καὶ αὐτὸν αἱρεῖ καίσαρα. Ὡς δ' αὖθις σπονδῶν γενομένων ἐλύετο, τότε μὲν τὰ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν συμπράττει, περὶ ὧν αὐτίκα ῥηθήσεται, ὕστερον δ' αὖθις τοῖς δυτικοῖς προσβαλὼν αἱρεῖται πάλιν καὶ τότε παρὰ τοῦ δεσπότου Μιχαὴλ πρὸς τὸν ῥῆγα Πουλείας τὸν Μαφρὲ ἀποστέλλεται καί γε τῇ παρ' ἐκείνῳ δίδοται φυλακῇ· χρόνῳ δ' ὕστερον τῆς δεσποίνης Ἄννης, ἀδελφῆς οὔσης Μαφρέ, ἀνταμείβεται. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ἐσαῦθις ἐροῦμεν.

129 {ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΙΚΩΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΩΝ ∆ΕΥΤΕΡΑ}.

Ὅπως ὁ πατριάρχης Ἀρσένιος ἐν φροντίσιν ἦν περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς. Ἀρσενίῳ δὲ

τῷ πατριαρχοῦντι νέων ἦρξε φροντίδων ἡ τῆς ἐπὶ τῇ βασιλείᾳ καταστάσεως τοῦ Παλαιολόγου ἀνάγκη, μεγάλη τις οὖσα καὶ ἀπαραίτητος. Πλὴν γὰρ ὀλίγων, καὶ τούτων καιρὸν οὐκ ἐχόντων διὰ τὴν τῶν ἄλλων, πολλῶν καὶ μεγάλων ὄντων, βούλησιν ἐφ' ᾧ ἐπίσχοιεν, φανερῶς οἱ ἄλλοι πάντες μιᾶς βουλῆς ἦσαν καὶ γνώμης, ἀγαπητῶς ἔχοντες, εἰ βασιλεύοιντο ὑπ' ἐκείνῳ· ἀρίστην γὰρ βασιλείαν εἶναι οὐ τὴν ἀπὸ γένους, οὐδέ γε τὴν κληρωτήν, ἣν ὀλίσθῳ τύχης τινὶ ἔστι λαγχάνειν καὶ τὸν ἀνάξιον, εἰς ἣν παρεισφθαρέντες πολλάκις λανθάνουσι καὶ οἱ κάκιστοι, οὓς δὴ καὶ ἀπο δοκιμάσειεν ἂν ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄρχων καὶ ἐν ὑπηκόων ἐξετάζεσθαι μοίρᾳ, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρετῆς καὶ δοκιμασίας ἀρίστης ὧν ἄρχειν μέλλει. Αὕτη γὰρ καὶ λυσιτελὴς τοῖς πλήθεσιν, ἐνδόντων τῶν εἰς ἀρχὴν καταστάντων ἐπὶ τίνι καὶ προσεκλήθησαν. Ἰατρὸν γὰρ οὔτε τὸν ἐκ τύχης οὔτε τὸν ἐκ γένους εἰς τὸ ποιεῖν ὑγείαν τοῖς νοσοῦσιν ἀξιόχρεων εἴποιμεν· καὶ εἰ ἐκ γένους τὸν κυβερνή σοντα ἐγκρινοῦμεν, καταποντιστὴν μᾶλλον ἢ κυβερνήτην ἐπιστήσομεν τῇ νηΐ. Κινδυνεύειν δ' οὕτως καὶ τὸν μᾶλλον καθάρσεως, εἴτ' οὖν παιδεύσεως, εἰς τὸ καλῶς βασιλεύειν δεόμενον ἀκάθαρτον εἶναι μάλιστα, ἅμα γεννηθέντα καὶ ἅμα τρυφαῖς καὶ σπατάλαις παραληφθέντα βασιλικαῖς, ἐφεδρευούσης τε κολακείας, ἐκποδὼν δ' οὔσης ἀληθείας καὶ τῶν κακίστων ὡς καλλίστων ὑποκοριζομένων. Ὡς ὁ παλαιὸς λόγος ἔχει, ὅτε καὶ τὸ ἐμμελῶς βήττειν ἀκούειν ἦν ἐκ κολάκων τῷ ἅμα μὲν ἄρχοντι, ἅμα δὲ πάσχοντι, κἄν τις νουθετῶν ὑπογρύξοι, ὡς δύσνους καὶ κάκιστος διεβάλλετο, ὡς τὴν παραί 131 νεσιν πρόσταξιν ἐχόντων. Οἱ δὲ καὶ τὰ γενόμενα δυσχεραίνοντες οὐδὲν ἧττον κολακεύουσιν, ἀποσεμνύνοντες πλέον τοῦ μετρίου τὸν ἄρχοντα, καὶ τὸν τῦφον συναύξουσιν· ἐκεῖνοι δέ, ὥσπερ ἐπὶ σκηνῆς διάφορα προσωπεῖα περιτιθέμενοι, πρὸς τὸ ἀρίστως βασιλεύειν τὸ γένος ἐχέγγυον οἴονται, ὥσπερ ἐν ταῖς πρώταις τῶν σπερμάτων καταβολαῖς βασιλικῶν τινων δυνάμεων εἰς ἀρίστην ἡγεμονίαν ἐνουσῶν. Ταῦτα λέγοντες, ἐπέκειντο πλέον ἰδεῖν τὸν δεσπότην καὶ στεφηφόρον καὶ ἤνυτον, προσαναγκάζοντες συνεχῶς. Ἦν γὰρ καὶ ὁ Παλαιολόγος, ἐντεῦθεν συγκροτηθείς, τὰ αὐτὰ λέγων καὶ ὡς, εἰ μὴ ἄξιος τῆς ἡγεμονίας κριθείη καὶ ὁ ἐξ