Letter LXV.

(a.d. 402.)

To the Aged438    This title in the African Church seems equivalent to Primate when applied to a bishop. See Letter LIX.Xantippus, My Lord Most Blessed and Worthy of Veneration, and My Father and Colleague in the Priestly Office, Augustin Sends Greeting in the Lord.

1. Saluting your Excellency with the respect due to your worth, and earnestly seeking an interest in your prayers, I beg to submit to the consideration of your wisdom the case of a certain Abundantius, ordained a presbyter in the domain of Strabonia, belonging to my diocese. He had begun to be unfavourably reported of, through his not walking in the way which becomes the servants of God; and I being on this account alarmed, though not believing the rumours without examination, was made more watchful of his conduct, and devoted some pains to obtain, if possible, indisputable evidences of the evil courses with which he was charged. The first thing which I ascertained was, that he had embezzled the money of a countryman, entrusted to him for religious purposes, and could give no satisfactory account of his stewardship. The next thing proved against him, and admitted by his own confession, was, that on Christmas day, on which the fast was observed by the Church of Gippe as by all the other Churches, after taking leave of his colleague the presbyter of Gippe, as if going to his own church about 11 A.M., he remained, without having any ecclesiastic in his company, in the same parish, and dined, supped, and spent the night in the house of a woman of ill fame. It happened that lodging in the same place was one of our clergy of Hippo, who had gone thither; and as the facts were known beyond dispute to this witness, Abundantius could not deny the charge. As to the things which he did deny, I left them to the divine tribunal, passing sentence upon him only in regard to those things which he had not been permitted to conceal. I was afraid to leave him in charge of a Church, especially of one placed as his was, in the very midst of rabid and barking heretics. And when he begged me to give him a letter with a statement of his case to the presbyter of the parish of Armema, in the district of Bulla, from which he had come to us, so as to prevent any exaggerated suspicion there of his character, and in order that he might there live, if possible, a more consistent life, having no duties as a presbyter, I was moved by compassion to do as he desired. At the same time, it was very specially incumbent on me to submit to your wisdom these facts, lest any deception should be practised upon you.

2. I pronounced sentence in his case one hundred days before Easter Sunday, which falls this year on the 7th of April. I have taken care to acquaint you with the date, because of the decree of Council,439    Held at Carthage, 13th Sept. 401. which I also did not conceal from him, but explained to him the law of the Church, that if he thought anything could be done to reverse my decision, unless he began proceedings with this view within a year, no one would, after the lapse of that time, listen to his pleading. For my own part, my lord most blessed, and father worthy of all veneration, I assure you that if I did not think that these instances of vicious conversation in an ecclesiastic, especially when accompanied with an evil reputation, deserved to be visited with the punishment appointed by the Council, I would be compelled now to attempt to sift things which cannot be known, and either to condemn the accused upon doubtful evidence, or acquit him for want of proof. When a presbyter, upon a day of fasting which was observed as such also in the place in which he was, having taken leave of his colleague in the ministry in that place, and being unattended by any ecclesiastic, ventured to tarry in the house of a woman of ill fame, and to dine and sup and spend the night there, it seemed to me, whatever others might think, that he behoved to be deposed from his office, as I durst not commit to his charge a Church of God. If it should so happen that a different opinion be held by the ecclesiastical judges to whom he may appeal, seeing that it has been decreed by the Council440    Held at Carthage, A.D. 318 or 319, Can. 11. that the decision of six bishops be final in the case of a presbyter, let who will commit to him a Church within his jurisdiction, I confess, for my own part, that I fear to entrust any congregation whatever to persons like him, especially when nothing in the way of general good character can be alleged as a reason for excusing these delinquencies; lest, if he were to break forth into some more ruinous wickedness, I should be compelled with sorrow to blame myself for the harm done by his crime.

EPISTOLA LXV . Augustinus Xantippo Numidiae primati, rationem reddens cur Abundantio presbytero infami Ecclesiam committere noluerit.

Domino beatissimo et venerabiliter suscipiendo patri et consacerdoti seni XANTIPPO, AUGUSTINUS, in Domino salutem.

1. Officio debito meritis tuis, salutans Dignationem tuam, tuisque me orationibus valde commendans, insinuo prudentiae tuae, Abundantium quemdam in fundo Strabonianensi pertinente ad curam nostram ordinatum fuisse presbyterum. Qui cum non ambularet vias servorum Dei, non bonam famam habere coeperat; qua ego conterritus, non tamen temere aliquid credens, sed plane sollicitior factus, operam dedi, si quo modo possem ad aliqua malae conversationis ejus certa indicia pervenire. Ac primo comperi, eum pecuniam cujusdam rusticani divino apud se commendato intervertisse, ita ut nullam inde posset probabilem reddere rationem. Deinde convictus atque confessus est, die jejunii Natalis Domini, quo etiam Gippitana Ecclesia sicut caeterae jejunabant, cum tanquam perrecturus ad Ecclesiam suam valefecisset collegae suo presbytero Gippitano, hora ferme quinta, et cum secum nullum clericum haberet, in eodem fundo restitisse, 0235 et apud quamdam malae famae mulierem et prandisse et coenasse, et in una domo mansisse. In hujus autem hospitio jam quidem clericus noster Hipponensis remotus erat; et hoc quia iste optime noverat, negare non potuit. Nam quae negavit, Deo dimisi, judicans quae occultare permissus non est. Timui ei committere Ecclesiam, praesertim inter haereticorum circumlatrantium rabiem constitutam. Et cum me rogaret ut ad presbyterum fundi Armemanensis in campo Bullensi, unde ad nos devenerat, causa ejus insinuata litteras darem, ne quid de illo atrocius suspicaretur, ut illic vivat, si fieri potest, sine officio presbyterii correctior, misericordia commotus feci. Haec autem me praecipue prudentiae tuae intimare oportebat, ne aliqua tibi fallacia subreperet.

2. Audivi autem causam ejus, cum centum dies essent ad Dominicum Paschae, qui futurus est octavo idus aprilis. Hoc propter concilium insinuare curavi Venerabilitati tuae, quod etiam ipsi non celavi, sed ei fideliter quid institutum esset aperui: ut si intra annum causam suam, si forte sibi aliquid agendum putat, agere neglexerit, deinceps ejus vocem nemo audiat. Nos autem, beatissime domine et venerabiliter suscipiende pater, si haec indicia malae conversationis clericorum, maxime cum fama non bona eos coeperit comitari, non putaverimus eo modo vindicanda, quo in concilio constitutum est; incipimus cogi ea quae sciri non possunt, velle discutere, et aut incerta damnare, aut vere incognita praeterire. Ego certe presbyterum, et qui die jejunii, quo ejusdem loci etiam Ecclesia jejunabat, valefaciens collegae suo ejusdem loci presbytero, apud famosam mulierem, nullum secum clericum habens, remanere et prandere et coenare ausus est, et in una domo dormire, removendum ab officio presbyterii arbitratus sum, timens ei deinceps Ecclesiam Dei committere. Quod si forte judicibus ecclesiasticis aliud videtur, quia sex episcopis causam presbyteri terminari concilio statutum est, committat illi, qui vult, Ecclesiam suae curae commissam: ego talibus, fateor, quamlibet plebem committere timeo, praesertim quos nulla bona fama defendit, ut hoc eis possit ignosci; ne si quid perniciosius eruperit, languens imputem mihi.