Chapter Vi. Of the manna, that it was a type of Christ's Presence and of the spiritual graces through Him.

32 Jesus therefore said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, not Moses hath given you the Bread from Heaven,

Now too does the Saviour most severely convict them of being without understanding, and exceedingly ignorant of what is in the Mosaic writings. For they ought to have known quite clearly that Moses was ministering the things of God to the people, and again those of the children of Israel to God, and was himself the worker in none of the miracles, but a minister rather and under-worker of those things which the Giver to them of all good things willed to do for the benefit of those who had been called out of bondage. What they then were impiously imagining, this Christ very resolutely cuts away (for to attribute things which befit and are due to the Divine Nature Alone, to the honour of men and not rather to It, how is not this replete with folly alike and impiety?) and in that He deprived the hierophant Moses of the miracle, and withdrew it out of his hand, it is (I suppose) manifest that He rather attributes the glory of it to Himself together with the Father, even though He abstained from speaking more openly, by reason of the uninstructedness of His hearers. For it was a thing truly not contrary to expectation, that they should rage, as though Moses were insulted by such words, and should be kindled unto intemperate anger, never enquiring what the truth was, nor recognizing the dignity of the Speaker, but heedlessly going about to only honour Moses, and not reasonably as it happened, when he was compared with what excelled him.

Let us learn then, with more judgment and reason, to practise respect towards our holy fathers and to render, as it is written, fear to whom fear, honour to whom honour (for we shall in no wise injure, if we render what fittingly belongs to each, since the spirits of the Prophets are subject to the Prophets) but when any discourse about our Saviour Christ is entered into, then we must needs say, Who in the clouds can be equalled unto the Lord? or who among the sons of the mighty shall be likened unto the Lord?

33 but My Father giveth you the True Bread from heaven: for the Bread of God is He which cometh down from heaven and giveth life unto the world.

It was needful not only to remove Moses from God-befitting Authority, according to their conception, and to shew that he was a minister of that miraculous working, rather than the bestower of it, but also to lessen the wonder though miraculously wrought, and to shew that it was nothing at all in comparison with the greater. For imagine Christ calling out something like this, The great things, sirs, do ye reckon among the little and meanest, and the beneficence of the Lord of all ye have meted out with most petty limits. For with no slight folly do ye suppose that the manna is the Bread from heaven, although it fed the race alone of the Jews in the wilderness, while there are other nations besides without number throughout the world. And ye supposed that God willed to shew forth lovingkindness so contracted, as to give food to one people only (for these were types of universalities, and in the partial was a setting forth of His general Munificence, as it were in pledge, to those who first received it): but when the time of the Truth was at our doors, My Father giveth you the Bread from heaven, which was shadowed forth to them of old in the gift of the manna. For let no one think (saith He) that that was in truth the Bread from heaven, but rather let him give his judgment in favour of That, which is clearly able to feed the whole earth, and to give in full life unto the world.

He accuses therefore the Jew of cleaving to the typical observances, and refusing to examine into the beauty of the Truth. For not that was, properly speaking, the manna, but the Only-Begotten Word of God Himself, who proceedeth from the Essence of the Father, since He is by Nature Life, and quickeneth all things. For since He sprang of the Living Father, He also is by Nature Life, and since the work of that which is by Nature Life is to quicken, Christ quickeneth all things. For as our earthly bread which is gotten of the earth suffereth not the frail nature of flesh to waste away: so He too, through the operation of the Spirit quickeneth our spirit, and not only so, but also holdeth together our very body unto incorruption.

But since our meditations have once got upon the subject of manna, it will not be amiss (I think) for us to consider and say some little on it also, bringing forward out of the Mosaic books themselves severally the things written thereon. For thus having made the statement of the matter most clear, we shall rightly discern each of the things signified therein. But we will shew through them all, that the Very Manna is Christ Himself, understood as given under the type of manna to them of old by God the Father. The beginning of the oracles thereon, speaks on this wise, On the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt, the whole congregation of the children of Israel were murmuring against Moses and Aaron, and the children of Israel said unto them, Would to God we had died, stricken by the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh pots and were eating bread to the full, for ye have brought us forth into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger. The matter then of the history is clear and very plain, and I do not think it needs any words to test the obvious meaning: but we will speak of it, looking only to the spiritual meaning. The children of Israel then, while still in the country of the Egyptians, by Divine command were keeping typically their feast to Christ, and having taken their supper of the lamb, did thus hardly escape the tyranny of Pharaoh's rule and shake off the intolerable yoke of bondage. Then having miraculously crossed the Red sea, they got into the wilderness: and there famishing craved flesh to eat, and were dragged down to the accustomed desire for food: and so they began murmuring against Moses and fall into repenting of their free gift from God when they ought to have given no small thanks for it. Egypt then will be darkness, and will signify the condition of the present life, and the worldly state, wherein we enrolled as in some state, serve a bitter serfdom therein, working nothing at all to Godward but fulfilling only the works most delightsome to the Devil, and hasting down unto the pleasures of impure flesh, like clay or stinking mud, enduring a miserable toil, unpaid, profitless, and pursuing a wretched (so to say) love of pleasure.

But when the Law of God speaks to our soul, and we behold at length the bitter bondage of these things, then oh then do we, thirsting after riddance from all evil, come to Christ Himself, as to the beginning and door of freedom, and provisioned with the security and grace that come through His Precious Blood, we leave the carnal condition of this life, as it were a troublous and stormy sea, and, out of all the tumult of the world, we at length reach a more spiritual and purer state, as it were sojourning in the wilderness. But since he is not unexercised unto virtue, who is through the Law instructed thereunto, when we find that we are at length in this case, then we falling into the temptations which try us, are sometimes devoured by the memory of carnal lusts, and then, when the lust inflames us mightily, we cry oftentimes out of recklessness, albeit the Divine Law hath called us to liberty, being as it were in hunger for our old accustomed pleasures, and making slight account of our toils after temperance, we look upon the bondage of the world as no longer evil. And in truth, the will of the flesh is sufficient to draw the mind to all faintheartedness after goodness.

And the Lord said unto Moses, Behold I rain you breadfrom heaven. In these words you may very clearly see that which is sung in the Psalms, He gave them bread of heaven; man did eat angels' bread. But it is, I suppose, evident to all, that of the reasonable Powers in heaven, none other is the Bread and Food, save the Only Begotten of God the Father. He then is the True Manna, the Bread from heaven, given to the whole rational creation by God the Father. But entering into the order of our subject we say this: Observe how the Divine grace from above draws unto itself the nature of man even though at times sick after its wonted things, and saves it in manifold wise. For the lust of the flesh like a stone falling on the mind thrusts it down, and despotically forces it unto its own will; but Christ brings us round again, as with a bridle, unto longing for better things, and recovers them that are diseased unto God-loving habit of mind. For lo, lo to them that are sinking down into carnal pleasures, He promises to give Food from Heaven, the consolation, that is, through the Spirit, the Spiritual Manna. Through this are we strengthened unto all endurance and manliness and obtain that we fall not through infirmity into those things we ought not. The Spiritual Manna therefore, that is, Christ, was strengthening us before too unto piety.

But since we have once, by reason of need, digressed, I think it well not to leave the subject uninvestigated, since it is very conducive to our profit. Some one then may reasonably ask, Why is God who is so Loving to man and so loveth virtue when it behoved Him to forecome their request, tardy in respect of His Promise: and He nowise punishes those so perverse men, albeit He punished them afterwards, when they were sick with the same lusting, and pictured to themselves bread to the full, and fleshpots, and admitted longing for the rankest onions. For we shall find in Numbers, that both certain were punished, and the place, wherein they were then encamping, was called the graves of lust, for there they buried the people that lusted. With respect then to the first question, we say that it assuredly behoved Him to wait for the desire, and so at length to reveal Himself in due season the Giver. For most welcome is the gift to those in good case, when certain pleasures appear before it and precede it, inciting to thirst after what is not yet come: but the soul of man will be devoid of a more grateful sensation, if it do not first stretch after and labour for the pleasures of being well off. But perhaps you will say that there had been no way any entreaty from them, but murmuring rather, repentance, and outcry: for this would indeed be speaking more truly. To this we say, that entreaty through prayer will befit those who are of a perfect habit: and perchance the murmuring of the more feeble from depression or whatever cause, will partake of this: and the Saviour of all, being loving to man is not altogether angry at it. For as in those who are yet babes, crying will sometimes avail to the asking of their needs, and the mother is often called by it to find out what will please the child: so to those who were yet babes, and had not yet advanced to understanding, the cry of weariness so to say, has the force of petition before God. And He punisheth not in the beginning, even though He see them worsted by earthly lusts, but after a time, for this reason, as seems to me. They who were but newly come forth of Egypt, not having yet received the manna, nor having the Bread from heaven, which strengtheneth man's heart, fall as might be expected, into carnal lusts, and therefore are pardoned. But they who had already delighted in the Lord, as it is written, on preferring carnal delights to the spiritual good things, have to give most righteous satisfaction, and over and above their suffering have assigned them a notable memorial of their fate. For the graves of lust is the name of the place of their punishment.

And the people shall go out and gather the day's portion each day. We will consider the sensible manna a type of the spiritual manna; and the spiritual manna signifies Christ Himself, but the sensible manna adumbrates the grosser teaching of the Law. With reason is the gathering daily, and the lawgiver forbids keeping it till the morrow, darkly hinting to them of old, that when the time of salvation at length shines forth, wherein the Only Begotten appeared in the world with Flesh, the legal types should be wholly abolished, and the gathering food thence in vain, while the Truth Itself lieth before us for our pleasure and enjoyment.

And it shall come to pass, on the sixth day, and they shall prepare that which they bring in, and it shall be double what they gather. Observe again, that thou mayest understand, that He does not suffer them to gather on the seventh day the sensible manna, but commands that which is already provided and gathered to be prepared for their food beforehand. For the seventh day signifies the time of the Advent of our Saviour, wherein we rest in holiness, ceasing from works of sin, and receiving for food, both the fulfilment of our faith, and the knowledge already arranged in us through the Law, no longer gathering it as of necessity, since more excellent food is now before us, and we have the Bread from heaven. The manna is collected in double measure before the holy sabbath: and you will understand thence, that the Law being concluded in respect of its temporal close, and the holy sabbath, that is, Christ's coming, already beginning, the getting of the heavenly goods will be after some sort in double measure, and the grace two-fold, bringing in addition to the advantages from the Law, the Gospel instruction also. Which the Lord Himself too may be conceived to teach when He says, as in the form of a parable. Therefore every scribe instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a wealthyman which putteth forth out of his treasure things new and old: the old the things of the Law, the new those through Christ.

And Moses and Aaron said unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, At even ye shall know that the Lord brought you forth from the land of Egypt, in the morningye shall see the glory of the Lord, in that the Lord giveth you in the evening flesh to eat and in the morning bread to the full. Moses promises to them of Israel, that quails shall be given them by God in the evening, and declares that hereby they shall know surely that the Lord brought them up out of Egypt. And in the morning ye shall see plainly, (he says) the glory of the Lord, when He shall give you bread to the full. And consider, I pray you, the difference between each of these. For the quail signifies the Law (for the bird ever flies low and about the earth): thus wilt thou see those too who are instructed through the Law unto a more earthly piety through types, I mean such as relate to sacrifice and purifications and Jewish washing. For these are heaved a little above the earth, and seem to rise above it, but are nevertheless in it and about it: for not in the Law is that which is perfectly good and lofty unto understanding. Moreover it is given in the evening: the account again by evening signifying the obscurity of the letter, or the darksome condition of the world, when it had not yet the Very Light, i. e.,. Christ, who when He was Incarnate said, I am come a Light into the world. But He says the children of Israel shall know that the Lord brought them out of Egypt. For knowledge only of the salvation generally through Christ is seen in the Mosaic book, while grace was not yet present in very person. This very thing He hinted at, when He added, In the morning ye shall see the glory of the Lord, in that He giveth you bread to the full. For when the mist of the Law, as it were night, hath been dispersed, and the spiritual Sun hath risen upon us all, we behold as in a glass the glory of the Lord now present, receiving the Bread from heaven to the full, I mean Christ Himself.

And it was evening and the quails came up and covered the camp, and in the morning as the dew ceased round about the host, and behold, upon the face of the wilderness a small thing, as coriander seed, white. Look at the arrangement of the things to be considered. He says of the quails, that they covered the camp; of the manna again, that in the morning when the dew was gone up, it lay on the face of the wilderness round about the camp. For the instruction through the Law, I mean that in types and figures, which we have compared to the appearance of quails, covers the synagogue of the Jews: for, as Paul saith, the veil lieth upon their heart, and hardness in part. But when it was morning, that is, when Christ had now risen, and flashed forth upon all the world, and when the dew was gone up, that is, the gross and mist-like introduction of legal ordinances ( for Christ is the end of the Law and the Prophets); then of a surety the true and heavenly manna will come down to us, I mean the Gospel teaching, not upon the congregation of the Israelites, but round about the camp, i. e., to all the nations, and upon the face of the wilderness, that is the Church of the Gentiles, whereof it is said that more are the children of the desolate than of the married wife. For over the whole world is dispersed the grace of the spiritual manna, which is also compared to the coriander seed, and is called small. For the power of the Divine Word being of a truth subtle, and cooling the heat of the passions, lulleth the fire of carnal motions within us, and entereth into the deep of the heart. For they say that the effect of this herb, I mean the coriander, is most cooling.

And when the children of Israel saw it they said one to another, What is this? for they wist not what it was; being unused to what had been miraculously wrought and not being able to say from experience what it was, they say one to another What is this? But this very thing which is said interrogatively, they make the name of the thing, and call it in the Syrian tongue, Manna, i.e., What is this? and you will hence see, how Christ would be unknown among the Jews. For that which prevailed in the type, trial shewed that it had also force in the truth.

And Moses said to them, Let no man leave of it till the morning; and they hearkened not unto Moses, but some of them left of it until the morning, and it bred worms and stank, and Moses was wroth with them. The morning in this place signifies the bright and most glorious time of the coming of our Saviour, when the shadow of the Law and the mist of

the devil among the nations, being in some sort undone, the Only-Begotten rose upon us like light, and spiritual dawn appeared. The blessed Moses then commanded not to leave of the typical manna until the morning; for when the aforementioned time hath risen upon us, superfluous and utterly out of place are the shadows of the Law by reason of the now present truth. For that a thing truly useless is the righteousness of the Law when Christ hath now gleamed forth, Paul shewed, saying of Him, for whom I suffered the loss of all things, to wit, glorying in the Law, and do count them dung, that I may win Christ and be found in Him, not having mine own righteousness which is of the Law, but that which is through the faith of Jesus Christ. Seest thou then, how as a wise man he took care not to leave of it till the morning? They who kept of it unto the morning are a type of the Jewish multitude which should believe not, whose eager desire to keep the law in the letter, should be a producing of corruption and of worms. For nearest thou how the Lawgiver is exasperated greatly against them? And Moses said unto Aaron, Take one golden pot, and put therein manna, an omer full, and thou shalt lay it up before God to be kept. Well in truth may we marvel hereat, and say, O the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! For incomprehensible in truth is the wisdom hidden in the God-inspired Scriptures, and deep their depth, as it is written, who can find it out? Thou seest then how our last comment fitted these things: For since Christ Himself was shewn to be our Very Manna, declared in type by way of image to them of old, needs does he teach in this place, of Whom and of what virtue and glory will he be full, who treasureth up in himself the spiritual Manna, and bringeth Jesus into the inmost recesses of his heart, through right faith in Him and perfect love. For thou hearest how the omer full of manna was put in a golden pot, and by the hand of Aaron laid up before the Lord to be kept. For the holy and truly pious soul, which travaileth of the Word of God perfectly in herself, and receiveth entire the heavenly treasure will be a precious vessel, like as of gold, and will be offered by the High Priest of all to God the Father, and will be brought into the Presence of Him Who holdeth all things together and preserveth them to be kept, not suffering to perish that which is of its own nature perishable. The righteous man then is described, as having in a golden vessel the spiritual Manna, that is Christ, attaining unto incorruption, as in the Sight of God, and remaining to be kept, that is unto long-enduring and endless life. Christ with reason therefore convicts the Jews of no slight madness, in supposing that the manna was given by the all-wise Moses to them of old, and in staying at this point their discourse thereon and considering not one at all of the things presignified thereby, by His saying, Verily I say unto you, Not Moses hath given you the manna. For they ought rather to have considered this and perceived that Moses had brought in the service of mediation merely: but that the gift was no invention of human hand, but the work of Divine Grace, outlining the spiritual in the grosser, and signifying to us the Bread from Heaven, Which giveth Life to the whole world, and doth not feed the one race of Israel as it were by preference.

34, 35  They said therefore unto Him, Lord evermore give us this Bread. Jesus said unto them,

Hereby is clearly divulged, though much desiring to be hid, the aim of the Jews, and that one might see that it is not lawful for the Truth to lie, which said that not because they saw the miracles, were they therefore eager to follow Him, but because they did eat of the loaves and were filled. With reason then were they condemned for their much dulness, and I suppose one should truly say to them, Lo a foolish people and without heart, they have eyes and see not, they have ears and hear not. For while our Saviour Christ by many words, as one may see, is drawing them away from carnal imaginations, and by His all-wise teaching winging them unto spiritual contemplation, they attain not above the profit of the flesh, and hearing of the Bread which giveth life unto the world, they still picture to themselves that of the earth, having their belly for god, as it is written, and overcome by the evils of the belly, that they may justly hear, whose glory is in their shame. And you will find such language very consonant to that of the woman of Samaria. For when our Saviour Christ was expending upon her too a long discourse, and telling her of the spiritual waters, and saying clearly, Whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again, hut whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst, but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing wp into everlasting life: she caught at it through the dulness that was in her, and letting go the spiritual fountain, and thinking nothing at all about it, but sinking down to the gift of sensible wells, says, Lord give me this water, that I thirst not neither come hither to draw. Akin therefore to her language is that of the Jews. For as she was weakly by nature, in the same way (I think) have these too nought male or manly in their understanding, but are effeminated unto the unmanly lusts of the belly, and shew that that is true of them which is written, For the foolish man will utter folly, and his heart will imagine vain things.

I am the Bread of life

It is the custom of our Saviour Christ when explaining the more Divine and already foretold Mysteries, to make His Discourse upon them darksome and not too transparent. For He commits not His so dread word to lie unveiled before the unholy and profane indiscriminately at their pleasure, to be trodden down by them, but having veiled it in the armour of obscurity, He renders it not invisible to the prudent, but when He seeth among His hearers any foolish ones, and who understand no whit of the things spoken, He opens clearly what He wills to make known, and removing as it were all mist from His Discourse, He sets the knowledge of the Mystery before them bare and in full view, hereby rendering their unbelief without defence. That it was His wont (as we have said) to use an obscure and reserved method of speaking, He will Himself teach us, saying in the Book of Psalms, I will open My Mouth in parables. And the blessed prophet Isaiah too no less will confirm our explanation hereof, and shew it in no wise mistaken, proclaiming, Behold a righteous King shall reign, and princes shall rule with judgment, and a man shall veil his words: for he says that He has reigned a righteous King over us who saith. Yet was I appointed King by Him, upon Sion His holy mountain, declaring the commandment of the Lord: and princes living together in judgment, that is, in uprightness in every thing, he calls the holy disciples who came to the Saviour Christ oftentimes veiling His words, saying, Declare unto us the parable. And He once on hearing the question, Why speakest Thou unto the multitudes in parables? is found to have declared most manifestly the cause, Because they seeing (He says) see not, and hearing they hear not, nor understand. For they were no ways worthy (it seems) seeing that God who judgeth justly, decreed this sentence upon them. The Saviour then, having devised many turns in His Discourse, when He saw that His hearers understood nothing, at length says more openly, I am the Bread, of life, and well-nigh makes an attack upon their unmeasured want of reason, saying, O ye who have the mastery over all in your incomparable uninstructedness alone, when God declares that He will give you Bread from Heaven, and has made you so great a promise in feeding you with manna, do ye limit the Divine Liberality, and are ye not ashamed of staying the grace from above at this, not knowing that it is but a little thing both for you to receive such things of God, and for God Himself to give them you? Do not then believe (saith He) that that bread is the Bread from Heaven. For I am the Bread of Life, Who of old was fore-announced to you as in promise, and shewn as in type, but now am present fulfilling My due promise. I am the Bread of Life, not bodily bread, which cutteth off the suffering from hunger only, and freeth the flesh from the destruction therefrom, but remoulding wholly the whole living being to eternal life, and rendering man who was formed to be for ever, superior to death. By these words He points to the life and grace through His Holy Flesh, through which this property of the Only Begotten, i. e., life, is introduced into us.

But we must know (for I think we ought with zealous love of learning to pursue what brings us profit) that for forty whole years was the typical manna supplied to them of Israel by God, while Moses was yet with them, but when he had attained the common termination of life, and Jesus was now appointed the commander and general of the Jewish ranks: he brought them over Jordan, as it is written, and having circumcised them with knives of stone and brought them into the land of promise, he at length arranged that they should be fed with bread, the all-wise God having now stayed His gift of manna. Thus (for the type shall now be transferred to the truer) when Moses was shrouded, that is, when the types of the worship after the Law were brought to nought, and Christ appeared to us, the true Jesus (for He saved His people from their sins), then we crossed the Jordan, then received the spiritual circumcision through the teaching of the twelve stones, that is of the holy disciples, of whom if is written in the Prophets that the holy stones are rolled upon His land. For the holy stones going about and running over the whole earth, are of a surety these, through whom also we were circumcised with the circumcision made without hands in Spirit, i. e., through faith. When then we were called to the kingdom of Heaven by Christ (for this and nought else, I deem, it pointeth to, that some entered into the land of promise), then the typical manna no longer belongeth to us (for not by the letter of Moses are we any longer nourished) but the Bread from Heaven, i. e., Christ, nourishing us unto eternal life, both through the supply of the Holy Ghost, and the participation of His Own Flesh, which infuseth into us the participation of God, and effaceth the deadness that cometh from the ancient curse.  

He that cometh to Me shall not hunger, and he that believeth on Me shall never thirst.

There is herein again something concealed which we must say. For it is the wont of the Saviour Christ, not to contend with the praises of the saints, but on the contrary to crown them with glorious honours. But when certain of the more ignorant folk, not perceiving how great His excellence over them, offer them a superior glory, then does He to their great profit bring them to a meeter idea, while they consider Who the Only-Begotten is, and that He will full surely surpass by incomparable Excellencies. But not over clear does He make His Discourse to this effect, but somewhat obscure and free from any boast, and yet by consideration of or comparison of the works it forcibly takes hold on the vote of superiority. For instance, He was discoursing one time with the woman of Samaria, to whom He promised to give living water; and the woman understanding nought of the things spoken said, Art Thou greater than our father Jacob who gave us the well? But when the Saviour wished to persuade her that He was both greater than he, and in no slight degree more worthy of belief, He proceeds to the difference between the water, and says, Whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again, but whosoever drinlceth of the water that I shall give him, it shall be in him a well of water syringing up into everlasting life. And what thence does He give to understand but surely this, that the Giver of more excellent gifts must needs be surely Himself more excellent than he with whom was the comparison? Some such method then of leading and instruction He uses now too. For since the Jews were behaving haughtily towards Him, and durst think big, putting forward on all occasions their Lawgiver Moses, and often asserting that they ought to follow his ordinances rather than Christ's, thinking that the supply of manna and the gushing forth of water from the rock, were most reasonable proof of his superiority over all, and over our Saviour Jesus Christ Himself, needs He did return to His wonted plan, and does not say downright, that He is superior to Moses, by reason of the unbridled daring of His hearers, and their being most exceeding prone to wrath; but He comes to this very thing that is marvelled at, and by comparison of it with the greater, proves that it is small. For he that cometh to Me (He says) shall never hunger and he that believeth on Me shall never thirst. Yea (saith He) I too will agree with you that the manna was given through Moses, but they that did eat thereof hungered. I will grant that out of the womb of the rocks was given forth unto you water, but they who drank thirsted, and the aforesaid gift wrought them some little temporary enjoyment; but he that cometh to Me shall never hunger, and he that believeth on Me shall never thirst.

What then doth Christ promise? Nothing corruptible, but rather that Blessing in the participation of His Holy Flesh and Blood, which restoreth man wholly to incorruption, so that he should need none of the things which drive off the death of the flesh, food (I mean) and drink. It seems that He here calls water, the Sanctification through the Spirit, or the Divine and Holy Ghost Himself, often so named by the Divine Scriptures. The Holy Body of Christ then giveth life to those in whom It is, and holdeth them together unto incorruption, being commingled with our bodies. For it is conceived of as the Body of none other, but of Him which is by Nature life, having in itself the whole virtue of the united Word, and inqualitied, yea or rather, fulfilled with His effectuating Might, through which all things are quickened and retained in being. But since these things are so, let them who have now been baptized and have tasted the Divine Grace, know, that if they go sluggishly or hardly at all into the Churches, and for a long time keep away from the Eucharistic gift through Christ, and feign a pernicious reverence, in that they will not partake of Him sacramentally, they exclude themselves from eternal life, in that they decline to be quickened; and this their refusal, albeit seeming haply to be the fruit of reverence, is turned into a snare and an offence.  

For rather ought they urgently to gather up their implanted power and purpose, that so they may be resolute in clearing away sin, and essay to live a life most comely, and so hasten with all boldness to the participation of Life. But since Satan is manifold in his wiles, he never suffers them to think that they ought to be soberminded, but after having denied them with evils, persuades them to shrink from the very grace, whereby it were likely, that they recovering from the pleasure that leads to vice, as from wine and drunkenness, should see and consider what is for their good. Breaking off therefore his bond, and shaking off the yoke cast upon us from his tyranny, let us serve the Lord with fear, as it is written, and through temperance shew ourselves superior to the pleasures of the flesh and approach to that Divine and Heavenly Grace, and mount up unto the holy Participation of Christ; for thus, thus shall we overcome the deceit of the devil, and, having become partakers of the Divine Nature, shall mount up to life and incorruption.

36 But I said unto you that ye have both seen Me and believe not.

By many words doth He struggle with them, and in every way urge them to salvation by faith. But He was not ignorant, as God, that they would run off to unbelief, as their sister or intimate foster sister, and would regard as nought, Him who calleth them to life. In order then that they might know that Jesus was not ignorant what manner of men they would be found, or rather, to speak more fittingly, that they might learn that they were under the Divine wrath, He charges them again, But I said unto you that ye have both seen Me and believe not. I foreknew (says He) and clearly foretold, that ye would surely remain hard, and keeping fast hold of your cherished disobedience, ye would be left without share in My gifts. And when did Christ say any thing of this kind? remember Him saying to the blessed prophet Isaiah, Go and tell this people, Hear ye in hearing and understand not, and lookinglook and see not, for the heart of this people is waxen fat. Will not the word be shewn to be true by these things also which are before us? for they saw, they saw that the Lord was by Nature God, when He fed a multitude exceeding number which came unto Him with five barley loaves, and two small fishes, which He brake up. But they have seen and believe not, by reason of the blindness which like a mist hath come upon their understandings from the Divine wrath. For they were (I suppose) without doubt worthy to undergo this, for that they, caught in innumerable stumblings, and fast holden in the indissoluble bands of their transgressions, received not when He came Him who had power to loose them. For this cause was the heart of this people made fat.

But that the multitude of the Jews saw by the greatness of the sign that Jesus was by Nature God, you will understand full well by this too. For marvelling at what was done, as the Evangelist says above, they sought to seize Him to make Him a King. No excuse then for their folly is left unto the Jews. For astonished (and with much reason) at the Divine signs, and coming from the works proportionably to the Might of Him Who worketh, they wellnigh, shudder at their readiness to believe, and spring back from good habits, readily making a summerset as it were into the very depths of perdition. 

37  All that the Father giveth Me shall come to Me,

It did not behove the Lord simply to say, Ye have both seen Me and believe not, but it was necessary that He should bring in besides the reason of their blindness, that they might learn that they had fallen under the Divine displeasure. Therefore as a skilful physician He both shews them their weakness, and reveals the cause of it, not in order that they on learning it may remain quiet in it, but that they may by every means appease the Lord of all, Who is grieved at them, i. e., for just causes. For He would never be grieved unjustly, nor would He Who knows how to give righteous judgment have given any such judgment upon them, were not reason calling Him thereto, from all sides hasting unto the duty of accusal. The Saviour hereby affirmed that everything should come to Him, which God the Father gave Him; not as though He were unable to bring believers to Himself, for this He would have accomplished very easily if He had so willed, according to the working whereby He is able even to subdue all things to Himself, as Paul saith: but since it seemed somehow necessary and more fit, to say that they who were in ignorance were illumined by the Divine Nature, He again as Man attributes to the Father the operation, as to things more God-befitting. For so was His wont to do, as we have often said. But it is probable that when He says that all that He giveth Him shall be brought to Him by God the Father, He points to the people of the Gentiles now about full soon to believe on Him. It is the word of one skilfully threatening, that both they shall fall away from grace, and that in their stead shall come in all who of the Gentiles are brought by the goodness of God the Father, to the Son, as to Him Who is by Nature Saviour and Lifegiving, that they, partaking of the Blessing from Him, may be made partakers of the Divine Nature, and be thus brought back to incorruption and life, and be reformed unto the pristine fashion of our nature. As though one should bring a sick man to a physician, that he might drive away the sickness that has fallen upon him, so we say that God the Father brings to the Son those who are worthy salvation from Him. Bitter then and full of destruction is hardness of heart to them that have it. Therefore doth the word of prophecy chide the Jews, crying aloud, Be ye circumcised to God, and circumcise the hardness of your heart, ye men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem. Yet not for them, but for us rather hath God the Father kept the circumcision in the heart, namely that which is through the Holy Ghost, wrought according to the rites of him who is a Jew inwardly. It is then right to flee from their disobedience, and with all zeal to renounce hardness of heart, and to reform unto a more toward disposition, if we would avert the wrath that was upon them unto destruction.

and him that cometh to Me I will in no wise cast out.

He says that conversion through faith will not be profitless unto them that come to Him. For He had to shew that the being brought by God the Father was a most desirable thing, and productive of ten thousand goods. Things most excellent then (saith He) shall be theirs, who through the grace from above are called to Me and come. For I will not cast out him that cometh, that is I will not discard him as an unprofitable vessel, as is said through one of the Prophets, Jechonias was despised, as a vessel whereof there is no use, he was cast away, and cast forth into a land which he knew not. Earth, earth, hear the word of the Lord, write ye this man a man proscribed. He shall not then be proscribed (saith He) nor cast forth, as one despised, nor shall he abide without share of Mine regard, but shall be gathered up into My garner, and shall dwell in the heavenly mansions, and shall see himself possessed of every hope beyond understanding of man. For eye hath not seen nor ear heard neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God prepared for them that love Him. It is probable that the word?, I will not cast out him that cometh to Me signify moreover, that the believer, and he that cometh to the Divine Grace, shall not be delivered over to the judgment. For you will find that the word out, has some such meaning, as in that parable in the blessed Matthew. For (saith He) the Kingdom of Heaven is like unto a net that was cast into the sea and gathered of every kind, which having brought up and dragged to the shore, they gathered the good into vessels, but cast the bad away. For that the good are gathered into the Divine and heavenly Courts, we shall understand by His saying that the good were gathered into vessels: and by the unprofitable being cast away, we shall see that the ungodly shall fall away from all good, and go away into judgment. When then Christ says, Him that cometh to Me I will in no wise castout, let us understand that the people which cometh unto Him through faith shall never fall into torment. Most wisely does He seem to me in these words to veil a threat against those most abandoned men, that if any will not turn with all speed to obedience, they shall be deprived of all good, and be excluded even against their will from His Friendship. For wherein He promises not to cast out him that cometh, He in the same signifieth that He will surely cast out him that cometh not.

Cyril Archbishop of Alexandria on the Gospel according to John, Book the third.

ΚΕΦΑΛΗ Ϛ. Περὶ τοῦ μάννα, ὅτι τύπος ἦν τῆς Χριστοῦ παρουσίας καὶ τῶν δι' αὐτοῦ χαρισμάτων πνευματικῶν.
« Εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐ Μωυσῆς δέδωκεν ὑμῖν τὸν ἄρτον τὸν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. » ΠΛΗΚΤΙΚΩΤΑΤΑ καὶ νῦν ὁ Σωτὴρ ἀσυνέτους ὄντας ἐλέγχει, καὶ πολὺ λίαν ἠγνοηκότας τὰ ἐν τοῖς Μωυσαϊκοῖς συγγράμμασι. χρῆν γὰρ δήπου λίαν αὐτοὺς ἐξεπίστασθαι σαφῶς, ὅτι διηκόνει μὲν ὁ Μωυσῆς τὰ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ πρὸς τὸν λαὸν, καὶ αὖ πάλιν τὰ ἐξ υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ πρὸς Θεὸν, καὶ αὐτουργὸς μὲν αὐτὸς ἐπ' οὐδενὶ τῶν θαυμάτων ὑπῆρχεν, ὑπηρέτης δὲ μᾶλλον καὶ ὑπουργὸς ὧν ἂν βούλοιτο δρᾶν ἐπ' ὠφελείᾳ τῶν ἐκ δουλείας ἀνακεκλημένων ὁ πάντων αὐτοῖς τῶν ἀγαθῶν χορηγός. ὅπερ οὖν ἦν ἐν ὑπονοίᾳ δυσσεβεῖ παρ' ἐκείνοις, τοῦτο καὶ μάλα γοργῶς ὑποτέμνεται Χριστός. τὸ γὰρ δὴ τὰ μόνῃ πρέποντά τε καὶ χρεωστούμενα τῇ θείᾳ φύσει, ταῖς ἀνθρώπων ἀνατιθέναι τιμαῖς, καὶ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον αὐτῇ, πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἂν εἴη λοιπὸν μωρίας τε ὁμοῦ καὶ δυσσεβείας ἀνάπλεων; ἀποστήσας δὲ λοιπὸν τὸν ἱεροφάντην Μωυσέα τοῦ θαύματος, καὶ τῆς ἐκείνου χειρὸς ὑπεξελὼν τὸ παράδοξον, δῆλος ἂν εἴη δήπουθεν ἑαυτῷ μᾶλλον ἀνατιθεὶς μετὰ Πατρὸς τὴν δόξαν, εἰ καὶ παραιτοῖτο λέγειν ἐναργέστερον, διὰ τὴν τῶν ἀκροωμένων ἀπαιδευσίαν. ἦν γὰρ δὴ καὶ ὄντως ἐλπίδος οὐ μακρὰν, ἅτε δὴ Μωυσέως διὰ τῶν τοιούτων ἐξυβρισμένου ῥημάτων, ἀποταυροῦσθαι πάλιν αὐτοὺς, καὶ εἰς ἀκράτους ὀργὰς ἀνακαίεσθαι, τὸ μὲν ἀληθὲς ὅπως ἂν ἔχοι διερευνῶντας οὐδαμῶς, οὐδὲ τὴν τοῦ λαλοῦντος ἀξίαν ἐπιγινώσκοντας, ἐπὶ δὲ μόνον ἀπερισκέπτως ἰόντας τὸ χρῆναι τιμᾶσθαι Μωυσέα, καὶ οὐκ εὐλόγως τυχὸν, ὅτε καὶ πρός τι τὸ ὑπερτεροῦν συγκρίνοιτο. Μανθάνωμεν τοίνυν, εὐκρινέστερόν τε καὶ λογικώτερον, τὴν εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους ἡμῶν πατέρας ἐπιτηδεύειν εὐλάβειαν, καὶ ἀποδιδόναι κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον, ” τῷ τὸν φόβον τὸν φόβον, “τῷ τὴν τιμὴν τὴν τιμήν.” ἀδικήσομεν γὰρ οὐδαμῶς, τὸ ἑκάστῳ πρέπον ἀναλόγως προσάπτοντες, ἐπεὶ “καὶ πνεύματα ” προφητῶν προφήταις ὑποτάσσεται:“ ὅταν δὲ δή τις λόγος εἰσέρχηται περὶ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Χριστοῦ, τότε καὶ λέγειν ἡμᾶς ἀναγκαῖον ” Ὅτι τίς ἐν νεφέλαις ἰσωθήσεται τῷ Κυρίῳ, “ἢ τίς ὁμοιωθήσεται τῷ Κυρίῳ ἐν υἱοῖς Θεοῦ;”
« Ἀλλ' ὁ Πατήρ μου δίδωσιν ὑμῖν τὸν ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὸν ἀληθινόν. ὁ γὰρ ἄρτος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν ὁ καταβαίνων ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ζωὴν διδοὺς τῷ κόσμῳ. » Ἔδει μὴ μόνον ἀποστῆσαι Μωυσέα τῆς θεοπρεποῦς ἐξουσίας, κατά γε τὴν ἐνοῦσαν ἐν ἐκείνοις διάληψιν, καὶ τῆς ἐπ' ἐκείνῳ θαυματουργίας ὑπηρέτην ἀναδεῖξαι μᾶλλον ἢ χορηγὸν, ἀλλ' ἤδη καὶ αὐτὸ καίτοι παραδόξως γεγενημένον κατασμικρύνειν τὸ θαῦμα, καὶ ἀντιπαραθέσει τῇ πρὸς τὸ μεῖζον ἐπιδεικνύειν ὑπάρχον ὅλως οὐδέν. δέχου γάρ μοι πάλιν τοιοῦτόν τι βοῶντα Χριστόν Ἐν μικροῖς, ὦ οὗτοι, καὶ εὐτελεστάτοις τὰ μεγάλα λογίζεσθε, καὶ τὴν τοῦ πάντων Δεσπότου φιλοτιμίαν ἐν ὀλίγοις κομιδῆ διωρίσασθε μέτροις. ἀμαθαίνοντες γὰρ οὐ κατά τι βραχὺ τὸ μάννα λογίζεσθε τὸν ἄρτον εἶναι τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, καίτοι μόνον ἐν ἐρήμῳ τὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἀποθρέψαν γένος, ἀναριθμήτων ὄντων ἑτέρων, τῶν ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐθνῶν: καὶ συνεσταλμένην οὕτω τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν ἐλογίσασθε θέλειν ἐπιδεῖξαι Θεὸν, ὡς ἑνὶ καὶ μόνῳ λαῷ χορηγῆσαι τροφάς: τύποι μὲν γὰρ ἐκεῖνα τῶν γενικωτέρων, καὶ τῆς καθόλου φιλοτιμίας εἰς τὸ κατὰ μέρος ἐπίδειξις ἦν, ὡς ἐν ἀῤῥαβῶνι τοῖς προειληφόσιν. ἀλλ' ὅτε τῆς ἀληθείας ἐπὶ θύραις ἡμῖν ὁ καιρὸς, ὁ Πατήρ μου δίδωσιν ὑμῖν τὸν ἄρτον τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ὃς διὰ τῆς τοῦ μάννα χορηγίας τοῖς ἀρχαιοτέροις ὡς ἐν σκιαῖς κατεγράφετο. μὴ γὰρ δή τις οἰέσθω, φησὶ, κατ' ἀλήθειαν ἐκεῖνον εἶναι τὸν ἄρτον τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, κατανευέτω δὲ μᾶλλον ἐκείνῳ τὴν ψῆφον, ᾧπερ ἂν φαίνοιτο προσὸν τὸ πᾶσαν ἀποτρέφειν δύνασθαι τὴν οἰκουμένην, καὶ ὅλως χαρίζεσθαι τῷ κόσμῳ τὴν ζωήν. Καταιτιᾶται τοίνυν τοῖς ἐν τύπῳ γεγενημένοις προσπεπηγότα τὸν Ἰουδαῖον, καὶ τὸ ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας κάλλος ἀναζητεῖν παραιτούμενον. ἦν γὰρ οὐκ ἐκεῖνο τὸ μάννα κυρίως, ἀλλ' ἢ αὐτὸς ὁ Μονογενὴς τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγος, ὁ ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας ἐρχόμενος τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἐπείπερ ἐστὶ κατὰ φύσιν ζωὴ, τὰ πάντα ζωογονῶν. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐκ ζῶντος ἀνέφυ Πατρὸς, ζωὴ καὶ αὐτὸς κατὰ φύσιν ἐστὶ, καὶ ἐπείπερ ἔργον τῇ κατὰ φύσιν ζωῇ τὸ ζωοποιεῖν, ζωοποιεῖ τὰ πάντα Χριστός. ὅπερ γὰρ ἄρτος ἡμῖν ὁ ἐκ γῆς εὑρίσκεται, τὴν ἀσθενῆ τῆς σαρκὸς φύσιν οὐκ ἐῶν καταφθείρεσθαι: τοῦτο καὶ αὐτὸς διὰ τῆς τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐνεργείας τὸ πνεῦμα ζωοποιῶν, καὶ οὐ μέχρι τούτων, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ σῶμα συνέχων εἰς ἀφθαρσίαν. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἅπαξ ἡμῖν εἰς τὸν ἐπὶ τῷ μάννα λόγον ἐκτρέχει τὰ θεωρήματα, τὸ λυποῦν κατά γε τὸ εἰκὸς οὐδὲν, καὶ ἐπ' αὐτῷ τι βραχὺ κατασκεψαμένους εἰπεῖν, ἐξ αὐτῶν παραθέντας τῶν Μωυσαϊκῶν βιβλίων ἀνὰ μέρος τὰ ἐπ' αὐτῷ γεγραμμένα: οὕτω γὰρ ἂν καὶ εὐκρινεστάτην ποιησάμενοι τοῦ λόγου τὴν παράθεσιν, ἕκαστα τῶν ἐπ' αὐτῷ νοουμένων ὀρθῶς διοψόμεθα. ἐπιδείξομεν δὲ διὰ πάντων, ὅτι τὸ μάννα τὸ ἀληθινὸν αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστὸς, ὡς ἐν τύπῳ τῷ μάννα χορηγεῖσθαι τοῖς ἀρχαιοτέροις νοούμενος παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρός. ἔχει δὲ οὕτως ἡ τῶν λογίων ἀρχή “Τῇ τε πεντε” καιδεκάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τῷ μηνὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ ἐξεληλυθότων αὐτῶν “ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, διεγόγγυζε πᾶσα ἡ συναγωγὴ υἱῶν ” Ἰσραὴλ ἐπὶ Μωυσῆν καὶ Ἀαρὼν, καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς αὐτοὺς “οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ Ὄφελον ἀπεθάνομεν πληγέντες ὑπὸ Κυρίου ” ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ, ὅταν ἐκαθίσαμεν ἐπὶ τῶν λεβήτων τῶν “κρεῶν καὶ ἠσθίομεν ἄρτους εἰς πλησμονὴν, ὅτι ἐξη” γάγετε ἡμᾶς εἰς τὴν ἔρημον ταύτην ἀποκτεῖναι πᾶσαν “τὴν συναγωγὴν ταύτην ἐν λιμῷ.” τὰ μὲν οὖν ἐκ τῆς ἱστορίας διαφανῆ καὶ λίαν εὐσύνοπτα, καὶ οὐδενὸς οἶμαι προσδεόμενα λόγου τοῦ τὴν πρόχειρον βασανίζοντος γνῶσιν: ἐροῦμεν δὲ πάλιν εἰς μόνον ὁρῶντες τὸ πνευματικόν. οὐκοῦν ἔτι τὴν Αἰγυπτίων ἔχοντες χώραν οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραὴλ, διὰ θείου προστάγματος τὴν ἐπὶ Χριστῷ τυπικῶς ἐπετέλουν ἑορτὴν, καὶ τῆς τοῦ προβάτου θοίνης ἁψάμενοι, μόλις οὕτω τῆς τοῦ Φαραῶ τυραννίδος τὴν πλεονεξίαν ἐξέβησαν, καὶ τὸν τῆς δουλείας ἀφόρητον ἀπεσείοντο ζυγόν: εἶτα πρὸς τούτῳ παραδόξως τὴν ἐρυθρὰν διαπεραιωσάμενοι θάλασσαν ἐν ἐρήμῳ γεγόνασι: καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ λιμώττοντες κρεωφαγεῖν ἐπεθύμουν, καὶ εἰς τὴν συνήθη τῶν ἄρτων ἐπιθυμίαν ὑπεσύροντο: ἐγόγγυζόν τε οὕτω κατὰ Μωυσέως καὶ εἰς μετάγνωσιν τῆς παρὰ Θεοῦ δωρεᾶς καταπίπτουσι, δέον ἐπὶ τούτοις οὐ μετρίως εὐχαριστεῖν. Αἴγυπτος τοίνυν σκοτασμὸς ἂν εἴη, καὶ νοηθήσεταί πως εἰς τὴν τοῦ παρόντος αἰῶνος κατάστασιν καὶ εἰς ἕξιν τὴν κοσμικὴν, ἣν ὥσπερ τινὰ χώραν ἐπιγραψάμενοι, πικρὰν ὑπομένομεν ἐν αὐτῇ τὴν θητείαν, ἐργαζόμενοι μὲν τὸ παράπαν οὐδὲν τῷ Θεῷ, μόνῳ δὲ τῷ διαβόλῳ τελοῦντες τὰ θυμηρέστατα, καὶ καθάπερ εἰς πηλὸν ἢ δυσώδη βόρβορον, τὰς τῆς ἀκαθάρτου σαρκὸς καταπηδῶντες ἡδονὰς, ἄμισθόν τε καὶ ἀνόνητον τληπαθοῦντες πόνον, καὶ οὐκ ἀταλαίπωρον, ἵν' οὕτως εἴπω, τὴν φιληδονίαν ἐπιτηδεύοντες. Ἀλλ' ὅταν ἡμῖν ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ νόμος κατὰ νοῦν προσλαλῇ, καὶ πικρὰν ἤδη βλέπωμεν τὴν ἐν τούτοις δουλείαν, τότε δὴ τότε τὴν ἐξ ἁπάσης φαυλότητος ἀποδημίαν διψήσαντες, ὥσπερ εἰς τὴν τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἀρχὴν καὶ θύραν ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἐρχόμεθα τὸν Χριστὸν, καὶ τὴν δι' αἵματος τοῦ τιμίου λοιπὸν ἀσφάλειάν τε καὶ χάριν ἐφοδιαζόμενοι, καθάπερ τινὰ θάλασσαν ταραχώδη καὶ συγκεχυμένην, τὰς ἐν τῷδε τῷ βίῳ περιστάσεις ἀφέντες σαρκικὰς, ἔξω τε παντὸς θορύβου γεγονότες κοσμικοῦ, πρὸς ἕξιν ἤδη τὴν ἀϋλοτέραν καὶ καθαρωτέραν ἐρχόμεθα, οἷάπερ εἰς ἔρημον καταλύοντες χῶρον. ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐκ ἀγύμναστος εἰς ἀρετὴν ὁ διὰ νόμου πρὸς αὐτὴν παιδαγωγούμενος, ὅταν ἐν τούτοις ἤδη γεγόνοτες εὑρισκώμεθα, τότε τοῖς δοκιμάζουσι περιπίπτοντες πειρασμοῖς, ὑπομνήσει τῇ τῶν σαρκικῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν ἔσθ' ὅτε καταδακνόμεθα, εἶτα πολὺ λίαν ἡμᾶς καταπυρούσης τῆς ἐπιθυμίας, καταβοῶμεν ἐξ ἀκηδίας πολλάκις, καίτοι πρὸς ἐλευθερίαν ἀνακεκληκότος ἡμᾶς τοῦ θείου νόμου, ἐν λιμῷ δὲ ὥσπερ γεγονότες τῶν ἀρχαιοτέρων καὶ κατειθισμένων ἡμῖν ἡδονῶν, καὶ πρὸς πόνους ἤδη τοὺς ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐγκρατείαις ὀλιγωρήσαντες, οὐκέτι φαύλην ὁρῶμεν τὴν ἐν κόσμῳ δουλείαν. καὶ γὰρ ὄντως ἱκανὸν τὸ ἐν τῇ σαρκὶ θέλημα πρὸς ἅπασαν ὀλιγοψυχίαν τὴν ἐπ' ἀγαθοῖς ἑλκῦσαι τὸν νοῦν. “Εἶπε δὲ Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ὕω ὑμῖν ἄρτους ” ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.“ ἔχεις ἤδη καὶ μάλα σαφῶς ἐν τούτοις ὁρᾶν τὸ ἐν ψαλμοῖς μελῳδούμενον ” Ἄρτον οὐρανοῦ ἔδωκεν “αὐτοῖς, ἄρτον ἀγγέλων ἔφαγεν ἄνθρωπος:” ἀλλ' ἔστιν, οἶμαι, πᾶσι διαφανὲς, ὅτι τῶν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς δυνάμεων λογικῶν, οὐχ ἕτερος ἂν νοοῖτο καὶ ἄρτος καὶ τροφὴ παρὰ τὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς Μονογενῆ. αὐτὸς οὖν ἄρα τὸ μάννα τὸ ἀληθὲς, ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ὁ πάσῃ κτίσει λογικῇ παρὰ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς χορηγούμενος. εἰς δέ γε τῶν προκειμένων τὴν τάξιν εἰσβαίνοντες, ἐκεῖνό φαμεν Κατανόησον ὅπως ἡ θεία τε καὶ ἄνωθεν χάρις, καὶ νοσοῦσαν ἔσθ' ὅτε τὰ συνήθη, τὴν ἀνθρώπου φύσιν ἀνθέλκει πρὸς ἑαυτὴν καὶ ἀνασώζει ποικίλως. κατωθεῖ μὲν γὰρ λίθου δίκην ἐπιπίπτον τῷ νῷ τὸ φρόνημα τῆς σαρκὸς, καὶ πρὸς τὸ ἴδιον θέλημα τυραννικῶς ἐκβιάζεται, ἀντιπεριάγει δὲ πάλιν ἡμᾶς ὁ Χριστὸς, καθάπερ τινὶ χαλινῷ, πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἀμεινόνων ἐπιθυμίαν, καὶ εἰς ἕξιν ἀνακομίζει τοὺς νενοσηκότας τὴν φιλόθεον. ἰδοὺ γὰρ ἰδοὺ τοῖς κατολισθαίνουσιν εἰς σωματικὰς ἡδονὰς, τὰς ἐξ οὐρανῶν χορηγήσειν ὑπισχνεῖται τροφὰς, τὴν διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος παράκλησιν δηλονότι, τὸ μάννα τὸ νοητόν. διὰ γάρτοι τούτου πρὸς πᾶσαν ὑπομονὴν καὶ ἀνδρείαν διακρατούμεθα, καὶ τὸ μὴ πίπτειν ἐξ ἀσθενείας ἐφ' ἃ μὴ προσῆκεν ἀποκερδαίνομεν. ἐστήριζε τοίνυν ἡμᾶς εἰς εὐσέβειαν καὶ πάλαι τὸ μάννα τὸ νοητὸν, τουτέστι Χριστός. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἅπαξ διὰ τὴν χρείαν, ὡς ἐν ἐκβάσει τοῦ λόγου γεγόναμεν, οὐκ ἀζήτητον αὐτὸν οἶμαι πρέπειν ἐᾶν, ἐπείπερ ἔχει πολὺ τὸ τελοῦν εἰς ὄνησιν. Οὐκοῦν ἐρεῖ τις εὐλόγως Ὅτου δὴ χάριν ὁ φιλάνθρωπός τε καὶ φιλάρετος οὕτω Θεὸς, δέον φθάσαι μὲν τὴν αἴτησιν, ὑστερίζει περὶ τὴν ὑπόσχεσιν: κολάζει γεμὴν οὐδαμῶς τοὺς οὕτω διεστραμμένους τὴν ἕξιν, καίτοι κολάσας ἐν τοῖς ἐφεξῆς, ὅτε τὴν ἴσην νοσοῦντες ἐπιθυμίαν, καὶ ἄρτους εἰς πλησμονὴν καὶ κρεῶν ἐφαντάζοντο λέβητας, καὶ δυσωδεστάτων κρομμύων εἰσεδέχοντο πόθον. ἐν γὰρ τοῖς ἀριθμοῖς εὑρήσομεν ὅτι καὶ τετιμώρηνταί τινες, καὶ Μνήματα τῆς ἐπιθυμίας ὁ χῶρος ἐκλήθη, ἐν ᾧπερ ἐστρατοπέδευον τότε. “Ἐκεῖ γὰρ ἔθαψαν, φησὶ, τὸν λαὸν τὸν ἐπιθυμητήν.” οὐκοῦν πρὸς μὲν τὸ πρῶτον ἐροῦμεν, ὅτι δὴ πάντως ἐχρῆν περιμεῖναι τὰς ἐπιθυμίας, οὕτω τε λοιπὸν εὐκαίρως ἀναδείκνυσθαι χορηγόν: χαριεστάτη γάρ πως ἐστὶ τοῖς εὖ παθοῦσιν ἡ δόσις, ὅταν αὐτῆς τινες προαναφαίνωνται καὶ προβαδίζωσιν ἡδοναὶ, διψῆν ἀναπείθουσαι τὸ οὔπω παρόν: αἰσθήσεως δὲ τῆς χαριεστέρας ἀμοιρήσειεν ἂν ἡ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ψυχὴ, μὴ ταῖς εἰς τὸ εὖ παθεῖν ἡδοναῖς προσυντεινομένη καὶ κάμνουσα. ἀλλ' ἴσως αἴτησιν μὲν οὐδαμῶς γεγενῆσθαι, τὴν ὡς παρ' ἐκείνων ἐρεῖς, γογγυσμὸν δὲ μᾶλλον καὶ μετάγνωσιν καὶ καταβοήν: τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν ὄντως καὶ ἀληθέστερον εἰπεῖν. πρὸς δὴ καὶ τοῦτό φαμεν, ὅτι πρέποι μὲν ἂν τοῖς μὲν τελείοις τὴν ἕξιν, ἡ δι' ἐντεύξεως αἴτησις: ἰσομοιρήσει δέ πως αὐτῇ καὶ ὁ τῶν ἀσθενεστέρων ἐξ ἀκηδίας, ἢ ὅπως ἂν γένοιτο, γογγυσμός: χαλεπαίνει δὲ οὐ πάντως φιλάνθρωπος ὢν ὁ πάντων Σωτήρ. ὅνπερ γὰρ τρόπον τοῖς ἔτι κομιδῇ νηπίοις ὁ κλαυθμὸς ἔσθ' ὅτε συντελεῖ πρὸς αἴτησιν τῶν χρησίμων αὐτοῖς, καὶ καλεῖται πρὸς ἔρευναν ἡ τεκοῦσα διὰ τούτου πολλάκις τῶν ἐν ἡδοναῖς τῷ βρέφει, οὕτω τοῖς ἔτι νηπίοις καὶ βεβηκόσιν οὔπω πρὸς σύνεσιν, ὁ ἐξ ἀκηδίας, ἵν' οὕτως εἴπω, κλαυθμὸς αἰτήσεως ἔχει δύναμιν τὴν ὡς πρὸς Θεόν. κολάζει δὲ οὐκ ἐν ἀρχῇ, καίτοι καὶ ταῖς γηΐναις ἐπιθυμίαις ἡττωμένους ὁρῶν, ἀλλ' ἐν μέσοις ἤδη τοῖς χρόνοις, δι' αἰτίαν τοιαύτην, ὥς γε μοι φαίνεται. οὔπω μὲν γὰρ τὸ μάννα λαβόντες οἱ νεωστὶ τῆς Αἰγυπτίων ἀποδημήσαντες, οὐδὲ τὸν ἄρτον ἔχοντες τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, τὸν στηρίζοντα καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου, καταπίπτουσιν εἰκότως εἰς ἐπιθυμίας σαρκικὰς, διάτοι τοῦτο καὶ συγγινώσκονται: οἱ δὲ ἤδη τοῦ Κυρίου κατατρυφήσαντες, καθὰ γέγραπται, τῶν πνευματικῶν ἀγαθῶν τὰ σαρκικὰ προτιμήσαντες, δικαιοτάτην ἤδη τὴν δίκην ὑπέχουσι, καὶ προσέτι τῷ παθεῖν ἐπίσημον τῆς συμφορᾶς τὴν μνήμην ἀποκληρώσονται. μνήματα γὰρ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας ὄνομα κεῖται τῷ τῆς κολάσεως τόπῳ. “Καὶ ἐξελεύσεται ὁ λαὸς καὶ συλλέξουσι τὸ τῆς ἡμέρας ” εἰς ἡμέραν.“ εἰς τύπον τοῦ μάννα τοῦ νοητοῦ τὸ αἰσθητὸν λογιούμεθα. καὶ τὸ μὲν μάννα τὸ νοητὸν αὐτὸν ἡμῖν κατασημαίνει τὸν Χριστὸν, τὴν δέ γε παχυτέραν τοῦ νόμου παίδευσιν τὸ αἰσθητὸν ὑπαινίττεται. ἐφήμερος οὖν εὐλόγως ἡ συγκομιδὴ, καὶ ἀποκωλύει τηρεῖν ὁ νομοθέτης εἰς τὴν αὔριον, ὡς δι' αἰνιγμάτων τοῖς ἀρχαιοτέροις ὑποδηλῶν, ὅτι τοῦ σωτηρίου λοιπὸν ἀναλάμψαντος χρόνου, καθ' ὃν ἐν κόσμῳ μετὰ σαρκὸς πέφηνεν ὁ Μονογενὴς, καταργηθήσονται πάντως οἱ διὰ τοῦ νόμου τύποι, καὶ τὸ συλλέγειν ἔτι τροφὰς ἐκεῖθεν εἰκαῖον, αὐτῆς ἤδη παρακειμένης τῆς ἀληθείας ἡμῖν εἰς τρυφὴν καὶ ἀπόλαυσιν. ” Καὶ ἔσται τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἕκτῃ καὶ ἑτοιμάσουσιν ὃ ἐὰν “εἰσενέγκωσι, καὶ ἔσται διπλοῦν ὃ ἐὰν συναγάγωσιν.” ἐπιτήρει δὴ πάλιν, ἵνα νοῇς, ὅτι οὐκ ἐᾷ συλλέγειν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ τὸ μάννα τὸ αἰσθητὸν, τὸ δὲ ἤδη πορισθὲν καὶ συνειλεγμένον κατὰ τὴν πρὸ αὐτῆς ποιεῖσθαι κελεύει τροφήν. ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἑβδόμη σημαίνει τῆς τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἐπιδημίας τὸν χρόνον, καθ' ὃν ἐν ἁγιασμῷ σαββατίζομεν, τῶν τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἔργων ἀποπαυσάμενοι, καὶ δεχόμενοι μὲν εἰς τροφὴν, καὶ πληροφορίαν τῆς πίστεως καὶ τὴν ἤδη συγκεκοσμημένην ἐν ἡμῖν διὰ τοῦ νόμου γνῶσιν, οὐ μὴν ὡς ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἔτι συλλέγοντες, λαμπροτέρας ἤδη παρακειμένης τροφῆς, καὶ τὸν ἄρτον ἔχοντες τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ. ἐν διπλῷ δὲ τῷ μέτρῳ πρὸ τῆς ἁγίας ἑβδόμης τὸ μάννα συλλέγεται: καί μοι πάλιν νοήσεις ἐντεῦθεν, ὅτι κατακλειομένου τοῦ νόμου πρὸς τὸ ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τέλος, καὶ ἀρχομένης ἤδη τῆς ἁγίας ἑβδόμης, τουτέστι τῆς ἐπιδημίας Χριστοῦ, ἐν διπλῷ τρόπον τινὰ τῷ μέτρῳ γενήσεται τῶν οὐρανίων ἀγαθῶν ἡ εὕρεσις, καὶ διττή τις ἡ χάρις, πρὸς τοῖς ἐκ νόμου χρησίμοις καὶ τὴν εὐαγγελικὴν εἰσάγουσα παίδευσιν. ὅπερ ἂν καὶ αὐτὸς νοοῖτο διδάσκων ὁ Κύριος, ὅτε φησί που καθάπερ ἐν εἴδει παραβολῆς “Διὰ τοῦτο πᾶς γραμματεὺς μαθητευθεὶς τῇ βασιλείᾳ ” τῶν οὐρανῶν ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ πλουσίῳ, ὅστις ἐκ“βάλλει ἐκ τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ νέα καὶ παλαιά:” παλαιὰ μὲν τὰ ἐκ τοῦ νόμου, νέα δὲ τὰ διὰ Χριστοῦ. “Καὶ εἶπε Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἀαρὼν πρὸς πᾶσαν συναγωγὴν ” υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ Ἑσπέρας γνώσεσθε ὅτι Κύριος ἐξήγαγεν “ὑμᾶς ἐξ Αἰγύπτου, τὸ πρωῒ ὄψεσθε τὴν δόξαν Κυρίου ἐν ” τῷ διδόναι Κύριον ὑμῖν ἑσπέρας κρέα φαγεῖν καὶ ἄρτους “τὸ πρωῒ εἰς πλησμονήν.” ἐπαγγέλλεται τοῖς ἐξ Ἰσραὴλ ὁ Μωυσῆς χορηγηθήσεσθαι μὲν παρὰ Θεοῦ τὴν ὀρτυγομήτραν τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέραν, ἐπιγνώσεσθαι δὲ διισχυρίζεται διὰ τούτου σαφῶς, ὅτι Κύριος ἀνήγαγεν αὐτοὺς ἐξ Αἰγύπτου: πρωῒ γεμὴν διαῤῥήδην ὄψεσθε, φησὶ, τὴν δόξαν Κυρίου, ἐν τῷ λαβεῖν ἄρτους εἰς πλησμονήν. καί μοι πάλιν τὴν ἐφ' ἑκάστῳ τῶν εἰρημένων ἐννόει διαφοράν: ἡ μὲν γὰρ ὀρτυγομήτρα σημαίνει πως τὸν νόμον: χθαμαλοπετὲς γὰρ ὄντως ἀεὶ καὶ περὶ γῆν τὸ στρουθίον: οὕτω δ' ἂν ἴδοις καὶ τοὺς διὰ νόμου παιδαγωγουμένους εἰς χθαμαλωτέραν διὰ τύπων θεοσέβειαν, ὅσον δὲ ἧκεν εἰς θυσίας φημὶ καὶ περιῤῥαντήρια καὶ καθάρσεις Ἰουδαϊκάς: ὀλίγον γὰρ οὗτοι τῆς γῆς ἀνοχλίζονταί πως, καὶ ἀναβαίνειν δοκοῦσιν αὐτῆς, εἰσὶ δ' οὖν ὅμως ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ περὶ αὐτήν: οὐ γὰρ ἐν νόμῳ τὸ τελείως ἀγαθὸν καὶ ὑψηλὸν εἰς σύνεσιν. χορηγεῖται γεμὴν ἐν ἑσπέρᾳ: ἤτοι τὸ ἐν τῷ γράμματι σκοτεινὸν τοῦ λόγου πάλιν ἡμῖν διὰ τῆς ἑσπέρας σημαίνοντος, ἢ τὴν ἀφεγγῆ τοῦ κόσμου κατάστασιν, οὔπω τὸ φῶς ἔχοντος τὸ ἀληθινὸν, τουτέστι Χριστὸν, ὃς ἐνανθρωπήσας φησίν “Ἐγὼ φῶς εἰς τὸν κόσμον ἐλήλυθα.” γνώσεσθαι δὲ λέγει τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἰσραὴλ, ὅτι Κύριος αὐτοὺς ἀνήγαγεν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου: γνῶσις γὰρ μόνη τῆς καθόλου διὰ Χριστοῦ σωτηρίας ἐν τοῖς Μωυσαϊκοῖς ὁρᾶται συγγράμμασιν, οὔπω παρούσης αὐτοπροσώπως τῆς χάριτος. αὐτὸ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ ὑπεδήλου προστιθείς “Τὸ πρωῒ ὄψεσθε ” τὴν δόξαν Κυρίου ἐν τῷ διδόναι ὑμῖν ἄρτους εἰς πλησμο“νήν.” λελυμένης γὰρ ὥσπερ ἐν τάξει νυκτὸς τῆς νομικῆς ἀχλύος, καὶ ἡλίου τοῦ νοητοῦ πᾶσιν ἡμῖν ἀνατείλαντος, τὴν δόξαν Κυρίου παρόντος ἤδη κατοπτριζόμεθα, τὸν ἄρτον εἰς πλησμονὴν τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ κομιζόμενοι, αὐτὸν δὲ ἤδη πάλιν φημὶ τὸν Χριστόν. “Ἐγένετο δὲ ἑσπέρα, καὶ ἀνέβη ὀρτυγομήτρα καὶ ἐκά” λυψε τὴν παρεμβολήν: τὸ πρωῒ ἐγένετο δὲ καταπαυομένης “τῆς δρόσου κύκλῳ τῆς παρεμβολῆς, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον ” τῆς ἐρήμου λεπτὸν ὡσεὶ κόριον λευκόν.“ ὅρα δὴ πάλιν τὴν τῶν νοημάτων διασκευήν: περὶ μὲν γὰρ τῆς ὀρτυγομήτρας φησὶν, ὅτι ἐκάλυψε τὴν παρεμβολὴν, περὶ δέ γε τοῦ μάννα πάλιν, ὅτι πρωῒ καταβέβηκε, καταπαυομένης τῆς δρόσου, κύκλῳ τῆς παρεμβολῆς ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τῆς ἐρήμου. ἡ μὲν γὰρ διὰ νόμου παίδευσις, ἡ ἐν τύποις φημὶ καὶ σχήμασιν, ἣν τῷ τῆς ὀρτυγομήτρας εἴδει παραβεβλήκαμεν, τὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων καλύπτει Συναγωγήν: ” κεῖται“ γὰρ, ὡς ὁ Παυλός φησι, ” κάλυμμα ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῶν,“ καὶ ” πώρωσις “ἀπὸ μέρους.” ἐπὰν μέντοι γένηται πρωῒ, τουτέστιν ἀνίσχοντος ἤδη καὶ τὴν οἰκουμένην ὅλην περιαστράπτοντος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐπὰν καὶ ἡ δρόσος καταλήγῃ λοιπὸν, τουτέστιν ἡ παχεῖα καὶ ἀχλυώδης τῶν νομικῶν ἐπιταγμάτων εἰσήγησις: τέλος γὰρ νόμου καὶ προφητῶν ὁ Χριστός: τότε δὴ πάντως τὸ ἀληθὲς ἡμῖν καὶ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταβήσεται μάννα: εὐαγγελικὴν δὲ δηλονότι διδασκαλίαν τοῦτό φαμεν: οὐκ ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν Ἰσραηλιτῶν συναγωγὴν, ἀλλὰ κύκλῳ τῆς παρεμβολῆς, εἰς πάντα δηλονότι τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τῆς ἐρήμου, τουτέστι τῆς ἐξ ἐθνῶν Ἐκκλησίας, περὶ ἧς εἴρηταί που “Ὅτι πολλὰ τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου μᾶλλον ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης ” τὸν ἄνδρα.“ ἐπὶ γὰρ πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἡ τοῦ νοητοῦ μάννα κατασκεδάννυται χάρις, ἣ καὶ τῷ κορίῳ παραβάλλεται, καὶ λεπτὸν ὀνομάζεται. λεπτὴ γὰρ ὄντως καὶ ἀποψυκτικὴ τῶν ἐν ζέσει παθῶν ἡ τοῦ θείου λόγου δύναμις, τὴν ἐκ σαρκικῶν κινημάτων πύρωσιν ἐν ἡμῖν κατευνάζουσα, καὶ εἰς τὸ βάθος τῆς καρδίας εἰσδύνουσα. ψυχροτάτην δὲ εἶναί φασι, καὶ αὐτῆς τῆς πόας, τουτέστι τοῦ κορίου, τὴν ἐνέργειαν τὴν ἐν ποιότητι φυσικῇ. ” Ἰδόντες δὲ αὐτὸ οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ εἶπαν ἕτερος τῷ ἑτέρῳ “Τί ἐστι τοῦτο; οὐ γὰρ ᾔδεισαν τί ἦν.” ἀσυνήθεις ὄντες τοῦ παραδόξως γεγενημένου, καὶ οὐκ ἔχοντες ἐκ πείρας εἰπεῖν ὅπερ ἂν εἴη σαφῶς Τί ἐστι τοῦτο πρὸς ἀλλήλους φασίν: αὐτὸ δὲ δὴ τοῦτο τὸ ὡς ἐν ζητήσει ῥηθὲν, ὄνομα ποιοῦνται τῷ πράγματι, καὶ τῇ Σύρων ἀποκαλοῦσι γλώττῃ Μάννα, τουτέστι πάλιν Τί ἐστι τοῦτο; καὶ νοήσεις ἐντεῦθεν, ὡς ἔμελλε παρὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἀγνοηθήσεσθαι Χριστός. τὸ γὰρ ὡς ἐν τύπῳ κρατοῦν, καὶ ἐπ' αὐτῆς ἔδειξε τῆς ἀληθείας ἰσχύσαν ἡ πεῖρα. “Εἶπε δὲ Μωυσῆς πρὸς αὐτούς Μηδεὶς ἐγκαταλιπέτω ” ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἕως τὸ πρωΐ: καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσαν Μωυσῇ, ἀλλὰ “κατέλιπον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ τινες εἰς τὸ πρωῒ, καὶ ἐξέζεσε σκώ” ληκας καὶ ἐπώζεσε, καὶ ἐπικράνθη ἐπ' αὐτοὺς Μωυσῆς.“ τὸ πρωῒ πάλιν ἐν τούτοις, τὸν λαμπρὸν ἡμῖν καὶ διαφανέστατον τῆς τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἐπιδημίας κατασημαίνει καιρὸν, ὅτε λελυμένης τρόπον τινὰ τῆς τε κατὰ νόμον σκιᾶς, καὶ τῆς ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀχλύος διαβολικῆς, φωτὸς ἡμῖν δίκην ἀνέτειλεν ὁ Μονογενὴς, καὶ ὄρθρος ἐδείχθη πνευματικός. ἐπιτάττει τοίνυν ὁ μακάριος Μωυσῆς τὸ ἐν τύπῳ πάλιν μάννα μὴ καταλιμπάνειν εἰς τὸ πρωΐ. ἀνατείλαντος γὰρ ἡμῖν τοῦ μνημονευθέντος ἀρτίως καιροῦ, περιτταὶ λοιπὸν καὶ ἄκαιροι παντελῶς αἱ κατὰ τὸν νόμον σκιαὶ, διὰ τὴν ἤδη παροῦσαν ἀλήθειαν: πρᾶγμα δὲ ὄντως ἀχρεῖον, ἀναλάμψαντος ἤδη Χριστοῦ, τὴν ἐν νόμῳ δικαιοσύνην ὁ Παῦλος ἀπέδειξε λέγων περὶ αὐτοῦ, ” δι' ὃν τὰ πάντα ἐζημιώθην,“ τὰ ἐν νόμῳ δηλονότι καυχήματα, ” καὶ ἡγοῦμαι σκύβαλα “εἶναι, ἵνα Χριστὸν κερδανῶ καὶ εὑρεθῶ ἐν αὐτῷ μὴ ἔχων ” ἐμὴν δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐν νόμῳ, ἀλλὰ τὴν διὰ πίστεως “Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.” ὁρᾷς οὖν ὅπως ὡς σοφὸς ἐφυλάξατο τὸ μὴ καταλιμπάνειν εἰς τὸ πρωΐ; τύπος δ' ἂν εἶεν οἱ πρὸς τὸ πρωῒ τηρήσαντες, τῆς ἀπειθήσειν μελλούσης αὐτῷ πληθύος Ἰουδαϊκῆς, οἷς καὶ τὸ ἐντόνως ἐθέλειν τὸν ἐν γράμμασι τηρῆσαι νόμον, καὶ σαπρίας καὶ σκωλήκων ἔσται παραίτιον. ἀκούεις γὰρ ὅπως ἐκπικραίνεται λίαν ὁ νομοθέτης ἐπ' αὐτοῖς; “Καὶ εἶπε Μωυσῆς πρὸς Ἀαρών Λάβε στάμνον χρυσοῦν ” ἕνα καὶ ἐμβάλετε εἰς αὐτὸν πλῆρες τὸ γόμορ Μὰν, καὶ “ἀποθήσεις αὐτὸ ἐναντίον τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰς διατήρησιν.” εὔκαιρον ὄντως καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὴ λίαν ἀποθαυμάζοντας λέγειν “Ὦ βάθος πλούτου καὶ σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως Θεοῦ:” ἀκατάληπτος γὰρ ὄντως ἡ ἐγκεκρυμμένη σύνεσις ταῖς θεοπνεύστοις γραφαῖς, “καὶ βαθὺ βάθος, κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον, τίς ” εὑρήσει αὐτό;“ ὁρᾷς τοίνυν ὅπως ἡμῖν καὶ ὁ τελευταῖος ἐπὶ τούτοις διήρτισται λόγος. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτὸς ἡμῖν τὸ μάννα τὸ ἀληθινὸν ἀνεδείχθη Χριστὸς, ὡς ἐν εἰκόνι τοῖς ἀρχαιοτέροις διὰ τύπου δηλούμενος, ἀναγκαίως διὰ τοῦ προκειμένου διδάσκει, τίνος ἔσται καὶ πόσης ἀνάπλεως ἀρετῆς τε καὶ δόξης, ὁ τὸ μάννα τὸ νοητὸν ἀποθησαυρίζων ἐν ἑαυτῷ, καὶ εἰς τὰ ἐσώτατα τῆς ἑαυτοῦ καρδίας εἰσφέρων τὸν Ἰησοῦν διὰ τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν πίστεώς τε ὀρθῆς καὶ ἀγάπης ὁλοτελοῦς. ἀκούεις γὰρ ὅπως ἐν σκεύει χρυσῷ πλῆρες τὸ γόμορ τοῦ Μὰν ἐνετέθη διὰ χειρὸς Ἀαρὼν εἰς διατήρησιν ἐναντίον τοῦ Θεοῦ [κατετέθη]: ἡ γὰρ ὁσία καὶ θεοφιλὴς ὄντως ψυχὴ, τελείως ἐν ἑαυτῇ τὸν ἐπὶ Χριστῷ λόγον ὠδίνουσα, καὶ ὅλον λαβοῦσα τὸν οὐράνιον θησαυρὸν, σκεῦος μὲν ἔσται τίμιον, ὡς ἀπὸ χρυσοῦ, προσενεχθήσεται δὲ διὰ τοῦ πάντων ἀρχιερέως τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρὶ, καὶ εἰς ὄψιν ἀνενεχθήσεται τοῦ τὰ πάντα συνέχοντός τε καὶ διασώζοντος εἰς διατήρησιν, καὶ τὸ φθειρόμενον ὅσον εἰς οἰκείαν φύσιν, οὐκ ἐῶντος καταφθείρεσθαι. καταγράφεται τοιγαροῦν ὁ δίκαιος, ὡς ἐν σκεύει χρυσῷ τὸ νοητὸν ἔχων μάννα, τουτέστι Χριστὸν, ἀναβαίνων εἰς ἀφθαρσίαν, ὡς ἐν ἐπισκέψει Θεοῦ, καὶ μένων εἰς διατήρησιν, εἰς μακραίωνα δηλονότι βίον καὶ ζωὴν τὴν ἀπέραντον. ἀφραίνοντας τοιγαροῦν οὐ μετρίως τοὺς Ἰουδαίους, οἰομένους τε ὅτι παρὰ τοῦ πανσόφου Μωυσέως τοῖς ἀρχαιοτέροις ἐχορηγήθη τὸ μάννα, καὶ μέχρι τούτων ἱστῶντας τὸν ἐπ' αὐτῷ λόγον, ἐννοοῦντας δὲ παντελῶς τῶν δι' αὐτοῦ προσημαινομένων οὐδὲν, εὐλόγως ἐλέγχει λέγων ὁ Χριστός ” Ἀμὴν “λέγω ὑμῖν οὐ Μωυσῆς δέδωκεν ὑμῖν” τὸ μάννα. ἔδει γὰρ μᾶλλον ἐκεῖνο διενθυμεῖσθαι καὶ νοεῖν, ὅτι μόνην εἰς τοῦτο τὴν διὰ τῆς μεσιτείας ὑπουργίαν εἰσενήνοχεν ὁ Μωυσῆς: ἦν δὲ τὸ δῶρον οὐκ ἀνθρωπίνης εὕρημα χειρὸς, ἀλλ' ἔργον τῆς ἄνωθεν χάριτος, ἐν τοῖς παχυτέροις καταγραφούσης τὸ νοητὸν, καὶ τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῖν σημαινούσης τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, τὸν ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ διδόντα τὴν ζωὴν, καὶ οὐχ ἓν ὡς κατὰ πρόσκλισιν ἀποτρέφοντα γένος τὸ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ.
« Εἶπον οὖν πρὸς αὐτόν Κύριε, πάντοτε δὸς ἡμῖν τὸν ἄρτον τοῦτον. εἶπε δὲ αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς. » Ἀπογυμνοῦται σαφῶς διὰ τούτων, καὶ πολὺ λίαν ἐπιθυμήσας λαθεῖν, ὁ τῶν Ἰουδαίων σκοπὸς, καὶ ὅτι μὴ θέμις ψεύδεσθαι τὴν ἀλήθειαν κατίδοι τις ἂν, οὐχ ὅτι σημείων γεγόνασι θεωροὶ, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀκολουθεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐπείγεσθαι, λέγουσαν, ἀλλ' ὅτι φαγόντες ἐκ τῶν ἄρτων ἐχορτάσθησαν. ἐπὶ πολλῇ δ' ἂν εἰκότως δυσμαθίᾳ καταγινώσκοιντο, καὶ χρῆναι λέγειν ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ὄντως ὑπολαμβάνω “Ἰδοὺ λαὸς μωρὸς καὶ ἀκάρδιος, ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῖς καὶ οὐ ” βλέπουσιν, ὦτα αὐτοῖς καὶ οὐκ ἀκούουσι.“ διὰ γάρ τοι πολλῶν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἔξεστι καταθεάσασθαι, λόγων ἀφιστῶντος αὐτοὺς τῶν σωματικῶν ἐννοιῶν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἀναπτεροῦντος διὰ τῆς πανσόφου διδασκαλίας εἰς θεωρίαν πνευματικὴν, οὐκ ἀναβαίνουσι τῶν τῇ σαρκὶ χρησίμων, καὶ ἄρτον ἀκούοντες τὸν ζωὴν διδόντα τῷ κόσμῳ, τὸν ἀπὸ γῆς ἔτι φαντάζονται, θεὸν ἔχοντες τὴν κοιλίαν, κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον, καὶ τοῖς περὶ γαστέρα κεκρατημένοι κακοῖς, ἵνα δικαίως ἀκούσειαν, ὧν ” ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν.“ ἐοικότα δὴ λίαν τὸν τοιοῦτον εὑρήσεις λόγον τῷ διὰ γυναικὸς ἐκείνης τῆς Σαμαρείτιδος: μακρὸν γὰρ καὶ ἐπ' αὐτῇ δαπανῶντος λόγον τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Χριστοῦ, καὶ περὶ ὑδάτων τῶν νοητῶν ἐκδιδάσκοντος, λέγοντός τε σαφῶς ” Πᾶς ὁ πίνων ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος τούτου διψήσει πάλιν, ὃς δ' “ἂν πίῃ ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος οὗ ἐγὼ δώσω αὐτῷ, οὐ μὴ διψήσει ” εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, ἀλλὰ τὸ ὕδωρ ὃ δώσω ἐγὼ αὐτῷ γενήσεται “ἐν αὐτῷ πηγὴ ὕδατος ἁλλομένου εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον:” συνηρπάζετο διὰ τὴν ἐνοῦσαν αὐτῇ δυσμαθίαν, καὶ τὴν νοητὴν ἀφεῖσα πηγὴν, οὐδέν τε τὸ σύμπαν περὶ αὐτῆς ἐννοήσασα, ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν αἰσθητῶν ὑδρευμάτων χορηγίαν κατολισθαίνουσά φησι “Κύριε δός μοι τοῦτο τὸ ὕδωρ, ἵνα μὴ διψῶ ” μηδὲ ἔρχωμαι ἐνθάδε ἀντλεῖν.“ συγγενὴς οὖν ἄρα τοῖς παρ' ἐκείνης λόγοις ὁ τῶν Ἰουδαίων: ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκείνη διὰ τὴν φύσιν ἐμαλακίζετο, τὸν αὐτὸν οἶμαι καὶ οὗτοι τρόπον, τὸ μὲν ἄρσεν, ἵν' οὕτως εἴπω, καὶ νεανικὸν εἰς φρόνησιν ἔχουσιν οὐδαμῶς, ἐκθηλύνονται δέ πως εἰς ἀνάνδρους ἐπιθυμίας τὰς ἐπὶ γαστρὶ, καὶ τὸ γεγραμμένον ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς δεικνύουσιν ἀληθές” Ὁ γὰρ μωρὸς μωρὰ λαλήσει, καὶ ἡ καρδία αὐτοῦ “μάταια νοήσει.”
« Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς. » Ἔθος τῷ Σωτῆρι Χριστῷ τὰς περὶ τῶν θειοτέρων καὶ τῶν ἤδη προκατηγγελμένων μυστηρίων ποιουμένῳ διηγήσεις, αἰνιγματώδη πως καὶ οὐ σφόδρα διαφανῆ τὰ ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ἐξυφαίνειν διηγήματα. οὐ γὰρ ἀκατακάλυπτον προκεῖσθαι τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν ἁπλῶς βεβήλοις τε καὶ ἀνοσίοις εἰς καταπάτημα τὸν οὕτω σεπτὸν ἐφίησι λόγον, ἐπικρύψας δέ πως ταῖς δι' αἰνιγμάτων ἐπιβολαῖς οὐκ ἀσυμφανῆ μὲν τοῖς συνετοῖς ἐργάζεται: ἐπὰν δέ τινας τῶν ἀκροωμένων ἀμαθαίνοντας βλέπῃ, καὶ νοοῦντας τὸ παράπαν τῶν λαλουμένων οὐδὲν, ἀπολευκαίνει σαφῶς, ὅπερ ἂν ἐθέλοι δηλοῦν, καὶ πᾶσαν ὥσπερ ἀχλῦν τὴν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ περιελὼν, γυμνήν τε καὶ εὐσύνοπτον παρατίθησι τοῦ μυστηρίου τὴν γνῶσιν, ἀναπολόγητον αὐτοῖς καὶ διὰ τούτου τὴν ἀπιστίαν ἀποτελῶν. ὅτι δὲ ἦν σύνηθες αὐτῷ, καθάπερ εἰρήκαμεν, ἐπεσκιασμένῳ καὶ λεληθότι μάλιστα κεχρῆσθαι τῷ λόγῳ, καὶ αὐτὸς μὲν διδάξει λέγων ἐν βίβλῳ ψαλμῶν “Ἀνοίξω ἐν παραβολαῖς τὸ στόμα ” μου.“ βεβαιώσει δὲ οὐδὲν ἧττον τὴν ἐπὶ τούτοις ἡμῖν ἐξήγησιν, καὶ διεσφαλμένην οὐδαμῶς ἀποδείξει καὶ ὁ μακάριος προφήτης Ἡσαΐας ἀναβοῶν ” Ἰδοὺ δὴ βασιλεὺς δίκαιος “βασιλεύσει, καὶ ἄρχοντες μετὰ κρίσεως ἄρξουσι, καὶ ἔσται ” ἄνθρωπος κρύπτων τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ.“ βασιλέα γὰρ δίκαιον ἐφ' ἡμᾶς βεβασιλευκέναι φησὶ τὸν λέγοντα ” Ἐγὼ “δὲ κατεστάθην βασιλεὺς ὑπ' αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ Σιὼν ὄρος τὸ ἅγιον ” αὐτοῦ, διαγγέλλων τὸ πρόσταγμα Κυρίου.“ κρίσει δὲ, τουτέστιν ὀρθότητι τῇ κατὰ πᾶν συμβιοτεύοντας ἄρχοντας, καὶ τοὺς ἁγίους φησὶ μαθητὰς, οἳ καὶ τῷ Σωτῆρι Χριστῷ κρύπτοντι πολλάκις τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ προσῄεσαν λέγοντες ” Φράσον ἡμῖν τὴν παραβολήν:“ ὅτε καὶ αὐτός ” Διατί τοῖς “ὄχλοις λαλεῖς ἐν παραβολαῖς” ἀκούσας ποτὲ, σαφεστάτην αἰτίαν εὑρίσκεται διειπών “Ὅτι βλέποντες, φησὶν, οὐ βλέ” πουσι καὶ ἀκούοντες οὐκ ἀκούουσιν οὐδὲ συνιοῦσιν.“ οὐ γὰρ ἦσαν ἄξιοι πάντως δήπου κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς, τοιαύτην ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ὁρισαμένου τὴν ψῆφον τοῦ τὰ δίκαια κρίνοντος Θεοῦ. μυρίας τοιγαροῦν ὁ Σωτὴρ ἐπινοήσας τοῖς λόγοις τὰς περιστροφὰς, ἐπείπερ ἐθεᾶτο συνέντας οὐδὲν τοὺς ἀκροωμένους, γυμνότερον ἤδη φησίν Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς, μόνον δὲ οὐχὶ ταῖς ἀμετρήτοις αὐτῶν ἀλογίαις ἐνάλλεται λέγων Ὦ πρὸς μόνην ἀπαιδευσίαν ἀσύγκριτον ἔχοντες τὴν κατὰ πάντων ὑπεροχὴν, χορηγήσειν ὑμῖν ἄρτους ἐξ οὐρανοῦ διειπόντος τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τοσαύτην ἐφ' ὑμᾶς πεποιημένου τὴν ὑπόσχεσιν ἐν τῇ τοῦ μάννα τροφῇ, τὴν θείαν ὡρίσασθε φιλοτιμίαν, καὶ μέχρι τούτων ἱστῶντες οὐκ ἐρυθριᾶτε τὴν ἄνωθεν χάριν, ἀγνοοῦντες ὅτι μικρὸν καὶ ὑμῖν τὸ λαβεῖν τὰ τοιαῦτα παρὰ Θεοῦ, καὶ αὐτῷ δὲ τῷ Θεῷ τὸ χαρίζεσθαι. μὴ τοίνυν ἐκεῖνον, φησὶ, τὸν ἄρτον εἶναι τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ πιστεύετε. ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς, ὁ πάλαι μὲν ὑμῖν ὡς ἐν ὑποσχέσει προκατηγγελμένος καὶ ὡς ἐν τύπῳ δηλούμενος: παρὼν δὲ νυνὶ καὶ χρεωστουμένην ὑπόσχεσιν ἀποπληρῶν. εἰμὶ δὲ ἄρτος ζωῆς, οὐκ ἄρτος σωματικὸς, μόνα τὰ ἐκ λιμοῦ περικόπτων πάθη, καὶ καταφθορᾶς τῆς ἐντεῦθεν ἀπαλλάττων τὴν σάρκα, ἀλλ' ὅλον ἐξ ὅλου τὸ ζῷον εἰς ζωὴν ἀναπλάττων τὴν αἰώνιον, καὶ θανάτου κρείττονα τὸν εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἀεὶ πεποιημένον ἄνθρωπον ἀποδεικνύς: ὑπαινίττεται δὲ διὰ τούτων τὴν διὰ τῆς ἁγίας σαρκὸς ζωήν τε καὶ χάριν, δι' ἧς ἐν ἡμῖν τὸ τοῦ Μονογενοῦς ἴδιον ἐπεισκρίνεται, τουτέστιν ἡ ζωή. Ἰστέον δὲ ὅτι: δεῖν γὰρ οἶμαι φιλομαθῶς τὸ εἰς ὠφέλειαν τελοῦν θηρᾶσθαι σπουδάζειν: ἐφ' ὅλοις μὲν ἔτεσι τὸν ἀριθμὸν τεσσαράκοντα τὸ τυπικὸν τοῖς ἐξ Ἰσραὴλ ἐχορηγήθη μάννα παρὰ Θεοῦ, συνόντος ἔτι Μωυσέως σὺν αὐτοῖς: ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἰς τὸ κοινὸν τοῦ βίου κατήντηκε τέλος, καθηγητὴς δὲ ἤδη καὶ στρατηγὸς τῶν Ἰουδαϊκῶν ταγμάτων κατεστάθη Ἰησοῦς, διεβίβαζε μὲν αὐτοὺς τὸν Ἰορδάνην, καθὰ γέγραπται, περιτεμὼν δὲ μαχαίραις πετρίναις, καὶ εἰς τὴν γῆν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας εἰσκεκομικὼς, ἄρτῳ λοιπὸν ἀποτρέφεσθαι παρεσκεύαζε, στήσαντος ἤδη τοῦ μάννα τὴν χορηγίαν τοῦ πανσόφου Θεοῦ. οὐκοῦν: ὁ τύπος γὰρ ἤδη μετασκευασθήσεται πρὸς τὸ ἀληθέστερον: ὅτε συνεστάλη Μωυσῆς, τουτέστιν, ὅτε τῆς κατὰ νόμον λατρείας ἤργησαν οἱ τύποι, ἀνεδείχθη δὲ Χριστὸς ἐφ' ἡμᾶς ὁ ἀληθὴς Ἰησοῦς: αὐτὸς γὰρ διέσωσε ” τὸν λαὸν ἀπὸ “τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν:” τότε διέβημεν τὸν Ἰορδάνην, τότε τὴν ἐν πνεύματι περιτομὴν διὰ τῆς διδασκαλίας τῶν δυοκαίδεκα λίθων ἐδεξάμεθα, τουτέστι τῶν ἁγίων μαθητῶν, περὶ ὧν ἐν προφήταις γέγραπται, “ὅτι λίθοι ἅγιοι κυλίονται ἐπὶ τῆς ” γῆς:“ οἱ γὰρ δὴ πᾶσαν περινοστοῦντές τε καὶ καταθέοντες τὴν οἰκουμένην ἅγιοι λίθοι, αὐτοὶ δὴ πάντως εἰσὶ, δι' ὧν καὶ περιετμήθημεν περιτομῇ ἀχειροποιήτῳ τῇ ἐν πνεύματι, διὰ Πνεύματος δηλαδή. ὅτε τοίνυν εἰς τὴν τῶν οὐρανῶν ἐκλήθημεν βασιλείαν διὰ Χριστοῦ: τοῦτο γὰρ οἶμαι δηλοῦν, καὶ οὐχ ἕτερόν τι πάλιν, τὸ εἰσβῆναί τινας εἰς τὴν γῆν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας: τότε μάννα μὲν οὐκέτι τὸ τυπικὸν ἐφ' ἡμᾶς: οὐ γὰρ τοῖς Μωυσαϊκοῖς ἔτι τρεφόμεθα γράμμασιν: ἄρτος δὲ λοιπὸν ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, τουτέστι Χριστὸς, ἀποτρέφων ἡμᾶς εἰς μακραίωνα ζωὴν, διά τε τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος καὶ μεθέξει τῆς ἰδίας σαρκὸς, ἐντιθείσης ἡμῖν τὴν Θεοῦ μετοχὴν, καὶ νεκρότητα τὴν ἐκ τῆς ἀρχαίας ἀφανιζούσης ἀρᾶς.
« Ὁ ἐρχόμενος πρὸς μὲ οὐ μὴ πεινάσῃ, καὶ ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ οὐ μὴ διψήσῃ πώποτε. » Κέκρυπταί τι πάλιν ἐν τούτοις, ὅπερ εἰπεῖν ἀναγκαῖον. ἔθος γὰρ τῷ Σωτῆρι Χριστῷ, ταῖς τῶν ἁγίων δόξαις οὐ σφόδρα φιλονεικεῖν, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῶν ἐναντίων καὶ ἀξιαγάστοις αὐτοὺς καταστέφειν τιμαῖς. ἐπὰν μέντοι τινὲς τῶν ἀμαθεστέρων, ὅσην ἔχει κατ' ἐκείνων τὴν ὑπεροχὴν οὐκ ἐπιγινώσκοντες τὴν ἀμείνω προσαγάγωσι δόξαν αὐτοῖς, τότε δὴ σφόδρα χρησίμως φρονεῖν μεταπείθει τὰ πρεπωδέστερα, τίς μέν ἐστιν ὁ Μονογενὴς διενθυμουμένους, καὶ ὅτι δὴ πάντως ἀσυγκρίτοις διοίσει ταῖς ὑπεροχαῖς: ἀλλ' οὐ σφόδρα σαφῆ τὸν ἐπὶ τούτοις ποιεῖται λόγον, ἐπεσκιασμένον δέ πως, καὶ δίχα κόμπου παντὸς, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς ἐν πράγμασι θεωρίας, ἤτοι συγκρίσεως, τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς κρείττοσιν ἁρπάζοντα ψῆφον. οἷον, φέρε εἰπεῖν, διελέγετό ποτε πρὸς τὴν ἐκ Σαμαρείας γυναῖκα, ᾗ καὶ δώσειν ὕδωρ τὸ ζῶν ἐπηγγέλλετο: συνεῖσα δὲ οὐδὲν τῶν εἰρημένων ἡ γυνή ” Μὴ σὺ μείζων εἶ τοῦ “πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἰακὼβ, ἔφη, ὃς ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν τὸ φρέαρ;” ἐπειδὴ δὲ μεταπείθειν αὐτὴν ὁ Σωτὴρ ἐβούλετο, ὅτιπερ εἴη καὶ κρείττων αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐν ὀλίγοις τισὶν ἀξιοπιστότερος μέτροις, ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν ὑδάτων βαδίζει διαφορὰν, λέγων “Πᾶς ” ὁ πίνων ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος τούτου διψήσει πάλιν, ὃς δ' ἂν πίῃ “ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος οὗ ἐγὼ δώσω αὐτῷ γενήσεται ἐν αὐτῷ ” πηγὴ ὕδατος ἁλλομένου εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον.“ καὶ τί τὸ ἐντεῦθεν, ἢ πάντως ἐκεῖνο νοεῖν ἀναπείθει, ὅτι περ ἀνάγκη τὸν τῶν ἀμεινόνων χορηγὸν κεῖσθαι δὴ πάντως καὶ ἐν ἀμείνοσιν, ἢ ἐν οἷσπερ ἂν εἴη τυχὸν ὁ πρὸς ὃν ἡ σύγκρισις; τοιοῦτόν τινα τρόπον ὑφηγήσεώς τε καὶ διδασκαλίας ἐπιτηδεύει καὶ νῦν. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ κατεσοβαρεύοντό πως αὐτοῦ, καὶ μεγαλοφρονεῖν ἀπετόλμων Ἰουδαῖοι, Μωυσέα τε τὸν νομοθέτην ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω προϊσχόμενοι, καὶ τοῖς δι' ἐκείνου μᾶλλον ἀκολουθεῖν, ἤπερ τοῖς διὰ Χριστοῦ, χρῆναι πολλάκις διισχυρίζοντο, τὴν τοῦ μάννα χορηγίαν καὶ τὴν ἐκ πέτρας τῶν ὑδάτων ἐκδρομὴν, ἀξιολογωτάτην ἀπόδειξιν λογιζόμενοι τῆς κατὰ πάντων πλεονεξίας, καὶ αὐτοῦ δὲ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, λοιπὸν ἀναγκαίως ἐπὶ τὴν συνήθη κεχώρηκε μέθοδον, καὶ γυμνότερον μὲν οὔ φησιν, ὅτι κρείττων εἴη Μωυσέως, διὰ τὸ τῶν ἀκροωμένων ἀχάλινον θράσος, καὶ τὸ πολὺ λίαν εἰς ὀργὴν ἐκκεκρεμασμένον: ἐπ' αὐτὸ δὲ πάλιν τὸ θαυμαζόμενον ἔρχεται πρᾶγμα, καὶ ἀπὸ συγκρίσεως τῆς πρὸς τὸ μεῖζον, ἐλέγχει μικρόν: Ὁ γὰρ ἐρχόμενος πρὸς μέ φησιν οὐ μὴ πεινάσῃ καὶ ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ οὐ μὴ διψήσῃ πώποτε: ναὶ γὰρ, φησὶ, καὶ αὐτὸς ὑμῖν ἐγὼ συνθήσομαι δεδόσθαι τὸ μάννα διὰ Μωυσέως, ἀλλ' οἱ φαγόντες ἐπείνασαν: ἐρῶ δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἐκ πετρῶν ὑμῖν ὠδῖνος ἐξεδόθη τὸ ὕδωρ, ἀλλ' οἱ πιόντες ἐδίψησαν, καὶ πρόσκαιρόν τινα κομιδῇ τὴν ἀπόλαυσιν ἡ τῶν εἰρημένων ἐνεποίησε δόσις: ὁ δέ γε πρὸς ἐμὲ βαδίζων οὐ μὴ πεινάσῃ πώποτε, καὶ ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ οὐ μὴ διψήσῃ πώποτε. Τί δὴ οὖν ἄρα Χριστὸς ἐπαγγέλλεται; φθαρτὸν μὲν οὐδὲν, εὐλογίαν δὲ μᾶλλον τὴν ἐν μεταλήψει τῆς ἁγίας σαρκός τε καὶ αἵματος, ὁλοκλήρως εἰς ἀφθαρσίαν ἀνακομιζούσης τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὡς οὐδενὸς ἐπιδεῖσθαι τῶν ὅσα τὸν τῆς σαρκὸς ἀπελαύνει θάνατον, τροφῆς δὲ δηλονότι φημὶ καὶ ποτοῦ. ἔοικε δὲ πάλιν ὕδωρ ὀνομάζειν ἐν τούτοις, τὸν διὰ Πνεύματος ἁγιασμὸν, ἢ αὐτὸ τὸ θεῖόν τε καὶ ἅγιον Πνεῦμα, οὕτω πολλάκις παρὰ ταῖς θείαις ὠνομασμένον γραφαῖς. ζωοποιεῖ τοιγαροῦν τὸ ἅγιον σῶμα Χριστοῦ τοὺς ἐν οἷς ἂν γένοιτο, καὶ συνέχει πρὸς ἀφθαρσίαν, τοῖς ἡμετέροις ἀνακιρνάμενον σώμασι. σῶμα γὰρ οὐχ ἑτέρου τινὸς, ἀλλ' αὐτῆς νοεῖται τῆς κατὰ φύσιν ζωῆς, ὅλην ἔχων ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὴν τοῦ ἑνωθέντος Λόγου δύναμιν, καὶ πεποιωμένον ὥσπερ, μᾶλλον δὲ ἤδη καὶ ἀναπεπλησμένον τῆς ἐνεργείας αὐτοῦ, δι' ἧς τὰ πάντα ζωοποιεῖται καὶ πρὸς τὸ εἶναι φυλάττεται. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ταῦτα τοῦτον ἔχει τὸν τρόπον, ἴστωσαν ἤδη λοιπὸν οἱ βεβαπτισμένοι καὶ τῆς θείας ἀπογευσάμενοι χάριτος, ὅτι βαδίζοντες μὲν ὀκνηρῶς καὶ μόλις ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις, ἀποφοιτῶντες δὲ καὶ εἰς χρόνους μακροὺς τῆς εὐλογίας τῆς διὰ Χριστοῦ, καὶ τὴν ἐπιζήμιον εὐλάβειαν πλαττόμενοι, διὰ τοῦ μὴ βούλεσθαι μετέχειν αὐτοῦ μυστικῶς, ὅτι τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς ἑαυτοὺς ἐκπέμπουσι, ζωοποιεῖσθαι παραιτούμενοι: περιτρέπεται δὲ εἰς παγίδα καὶ εἰς σκάνδαλον, καίτοι καρπὸς εὐλαβείας δοκοῦσά πως εἶναι παρ' αὐτοῖς, ἡ παραίτησις. χρῆν γὰρ δὴ μᾶλλον ἐπείγεσθαι τὴν ἐνοῦσαν αὐτοῖς εἰσκομίζειν δύναμίν τε καὶ προθυμίαν, ὅπως ἂν φαίνοιντο γοργοὶ πρὸς ἀποκάθαρσιν ἁμαρτίας, καὶ πειρᾶσθαι μᾶλλον ἀστειοτάτην ἐπιτηδεύειν τοῦ βίου τὴν ἀγωγὴν, τρέχειν τε οὕτω λοιπὸν καὶ σφόδρα τεθαῤῥηκότως εἰς μετάληψιν τῆς ζωῆς. ἀλλ' ἐπείπερ ἐστὶ ποικίλος εἰς ἀπάτην ὁ σατανᾶς, σωφρονεῖν μὲν αὐτοὺς οὐδαμόθεν ὅτι πρέποι λογίζεσθαι συγχωρεῖ, κατασπιλώσας δὲ τοῖς κακοῖς, καὶ αὐτὴν ἀποφρίττειν ἀναπείθει τὴν χάριν, δι' ἧς ἦν εἰκὸς, ὥσπερ ἐξ οἴνου καὶ μέθης τῆς ἐπὶ φαυλότητα καλούσης ἡδονῆς ἀνανήφοντας, τὸ συμφέρον ὁρᾶν τε καὶ περισκέπτεσθαι. ἀποῤῥήξαντες τοίνυν τὸν ἐκείνου δεσμὸν, ἀποσεισάμενοί τε τὸν ἐκ πλεονεξίας ἡμῖν ἐπιῤῥιφέντα ζυγὸν, δουλεύσωμεν ἐν φόβῳ τῷ Κυρίῳ, καθὰ γέγραπται, καὶ τῶν τῆς σαρκὸς ἡδονῶν ἀμείνους ἤδη δι' ἐγκρατείας ἀναδεικνύμενοι, προσίωμεν τῇ θείᾳ τε καὶ οὐρανίῳ χάριτι, καὶ εἰς ἁγίαν μετάληψιν ἀναβαίνωμεν τοῦ Χριστοῦ: οὕτω γὰρ οὕτω καὶ ἀπάτης διαβολικῆς περιεσόμεθα, θείας τε φύσεως γεγονότες κοινωνοὶ, πρὸς ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν ἀναβησόμεθα.
« Ἀλλ' εἶπον ὑμῖν ὅτι καὶ ἑωράκατέ με καὶ οὐ πιστεύετε. » Διὰ πολλῶν μὲν αὐτοὺς καταγωνίζεται λόγων, καὶ ἐκ παντὸς συνελαύνει τρόπου πρὸς τὴν διὰ πίστεως σωτηρίαν: ἀλλ' οὐκ ἠγνόησε πάλιν ὡς Θεὸς, ὅτι πρὸς ἀδελφὴν ὥσπερ τινὰ καὶ συνήθη δραμοῦνται τὴν σύντροφον ἀπιστίαν, περιόψονται δὲ ὡς οὐδὲν τὸν καλοῦντα πρὸς ζωήν. ἵνα τοίνυν εἰδεῖεν οὐκ ἠγνοηκότα τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ὁποῖοί τινες εὑρεθήσονται πάλιν, μᾶλλον δὲ, ὅπερ ἐστὶ πρεπωδέστερον εἰπεῖν, ὑπὸ θείαν ὄντας ἑαυτοὺς ἐκμάθοιεν ὀργὴν, ἐπιφέρει πάλιν Ἀλλ' εἶπον ὑμῖν ὅτι καὶ ἑωράκατέ με καὶ οὐ πιστεύετε. προέγνων, φησὶ, καὶ προείρηκα σαφῶς, ὅτι δὴ πάντως διαμενεῖτε σκληροὶ, καὶ τῆς ὑμῖν φιλαιτάτης ἀπειθείας ἀπρὶξ ἡμμένοι, τῶν ἐμῶν ἀμέτοχοι χαρισμάτων καταλειφθήσεσθε. καὶ πότε τι τοιοῦτον ἐπ' αὐτοῖς εἴρηκεν ὁ Χριστός; ἀναμιμνήσκου λέγοντος πρὸς τὸν μακάριον προφήτην Ἡσαΐαν ” Πορεύθητι “καὶ εἰπὸν τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ Ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε, ” καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε: ἐπαχύνθη γὰρ ἡ “καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου.” ἢ γὰρ οὐκ ἀληθὴς καὶ διὰ τῶν ἐν χερσὶ κειμένων ἡμῖν πραγμάτων ὁ λόγος ἀναδειχθήσεται; εἶδον γὰρ εἶδον Θεὸν ὄντα κατὰ φύσιν τὸν Κύριον, ὅτε τὴν ἀριθμοῦ κρείττονα τῶν ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἰόντων πληθὺν πέντε κριθίνοις διέθρεψεν ἄρτοις, καὶ δύο διακλάσας ὀψάρια. ἀλλ' ἑωρακότες οὐ πιστεύουσι, διὰ τὴν ἐκ τῆς θείας ὀργῆς ταῖς διανοίαις αὐτῶν ἀχλύος δίκην ἐπισκήψασαν πώρωσιν. ἦσαν γὰρ δήπου καὶ ἀναμφιλόγως ἄξιοι τοῦτο παθεῖν, ἐπείπερ ἀμέτροις ἐνεχόμενοι πταίσμασι, καὶ ἀῤῥήκτοις κατεσφιγμένοι σειραῖς παρανομημάτων, οὐδὲ αὐτὸν ἐπιδημήσαντα τὸν ἐλευθεροῦν ἰσχύοντα παρεδέχοντο. διὰ ταύτην ἐπαχύνθη τὴν αἰτίαν ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου. Ὅτι δὲ διὰ τῆς τοῦ σημείου μεγαλειότητος Θεὸν ὄντα κατὰ φύσιν ἐθεώρει τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἡ τῶν Ἰουδαίων πληθὺς, δι' ἐκείνου δὴ μάλιστα συνιέναι δυνήσῃ: ἀποθαυμάσαντες γὰρ τὸ γεγενημένον, ὥσπερ οὖν ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω φησὶν ὁ Εὐαγγελιστὴς, ἐζήτουν “ἁρπάζειν αὐτὸν ἵνα ποιήσωσι βασιλέα.” σκῆψις τοιγαροῦν οὐδεμία τῆς ἀπονοίας περιλιμπάνεται τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις. καταπληττόμενοι γὰρ, καὶ λίαν εἰκότως, τὰς θεοσημείας, καὶ ἀναλόγως ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ τερατοποιοῦντος δύναμιν ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων ἐρχόμενοι, μονονουχὶ καταφρίττουσι τὴν εὐπείθειαν, καὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἐξάλλονται τρόπων, ἐπ' αὐτὸν ὥσπερ κατακυβιστῶντες ἡδέως τὸν τῆς ἀπωλείας πυθμένα.
« Πᾶν ὃ δίδωσί μοι ὁ Πατὴρ πρὸς ἐμὲ ἥξει. » Οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν ἔδει τὸν Κύριον “Ὅτι καὶ ἑωράκατέ ” με καὶ οὐ πιστεύετε,“ ἀλλ' ἦν ἀναγκαῖον, καὶ τὴν τοῦ πεπωρῶσθαι πρόφασιν τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἐπενεγκεῖν, ἵνα δὴ μάθοιεν ὑπὸ θείαν πεσόντες ὀργήν. οὐκοῦν ὡσπερεί τις ἀριστοτέχνης ἰατρὸς, καὶ τὴν ἀῤῥωστίαν αὐτοῖς ἐπιδεικνύει, καὶ τῆς ἀῤῥωστίας ἀνακαλύπτει τὴν πρόφασιν, οὐχ ἵνα μαθόντες ἐπ' αὐτῷ δὴ τούτῳ μένοιεν ἡσυχῆ, ἀλλ' ἵνα διὰ παντὸς ἐκμειλίσσοιντο τρόπου λελυπημένον ἐπ' αὐτοῖς τὸν ἁπάντων Δεσπότην, ἐπ' εὐλόγοις δὲ δηλονότι ταῖς αἰτίαις: οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἀδίκως ἐλυπήθη ποτὲ, ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἂν ὁ τὰ δίκαια κρίνειν εἰδὼς, τοιαύτην τινὰ τὴν ἐπ' ἐκείνοις ἐποιήσατο κρίσιν, εἰ μὴ λόγος ἐκάλει πρὸς τοῦτο, τὸ κατηγορεῖσθαι δεῖν πανταχόθεν διαπηδῶν. ἀφίξεσθαι γεμὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Σωτὴρ διὰ τούτων διισχυρίσατο πᾶν ὅπερ ἂν ἐπιδοίη ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ, οὐχ ὡς αὐτὸς ἀτονήσας εἰς τὸ προσκομίζειν ἑαυτῷ τοὺς πιστεύοντας: ἐξήνυσε γὰρ ἂν ἐθελήσας καὶ τοῦτο λίαν εὐπετῶς ” κατὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν τοῦ δύνασθαι αὐτὸν καὶ ὑπο“τάξαι αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα” κατὰ τὴν τοῦ Παύλου φωνήν: ἀλλ' ἐπείπερ ἀναγκαῖόν πως εἶναι δοκεῖ καὶ πρεπωδέστερον, τὸ διὰ τῆς θείας φύσεως φωταγωγεῖσθαι λέγειν τοὺς ἐν ἀγνωσίᾳ, πάλιν ὡς ἄνθρωπος ἀνατίθησι τῷ Πατρὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς θεοπρεπεστέροις ἐνέργειαν. ἔθος γὰρ αὐτῷ τοῦτο ποιεῖν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἀμέλει πολλάκις εἰρήκαμεν. εἰκὸς δὲ ὅτι προσαχθήσεσθαι λέγων ἑαυτῷ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρὸς πᾶν ὃ δίδωσιν αὐτῷ, παρεσόμενον ἤδη καὶ ὅσον οὐδέπω πιστεύοντα τὸν ἐξ ἐθνῶν ὑπαινίττεται δῆμον. τοῦτο δὲ ἦν ἀπειλοῦντος εὐφυῶς, ὅτι καὶ ἀποπεσοῦνται τῆς χάριτος αὐτοὶ, καὶ ἀνταναβήσονται πάντες οἱ ἐξ ἐθνῶν προσαγόμενοι διὰ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρὸς ἡμερότητος, ὡς σωτῆρι καὶ ζωοποιῷ κατὰ φύσιν ὑπάρχοντι τῷ Υἱῷ, ἵνα τῆς εὐλογίας μετεσχηκότες τῆς ἀπ' αὐτοῦ, κοινωνοὶ μὲν ἤδη τῆς θείας ἀποτελοῖντο φύσεως, ἀνακομίζοιντο δὲ οὕτως εἰς ἀφθαρσίαν καὶ ζωὴν, καὶ εἰς τὸ ἀρχαῖον τῆς φύσεως μεταπλάττοιντο σχῆμα. ὥσπερ οὖν εἴ τις ἰατρῷ προσάξαι τὸν ἄῤῥωστον, ἵνα τὴν ἐπισκήψασαν ἀποκρούσαιτο νόσον, οὕτω προσφέρειν ἐροῦμεν τῷ Υἱῷ τὸν Θεὸν καὶ Πατέρα, τοὺς οἵπερ ἂν φαίνοιντο τῆς παρ' αὐτοῦ σωτηρίας ἄξιοι. πικρὸν οὖν ἄρα καὶ ὀλέθριον κομιδῇ τοῖς ἔχουσιν ἡ σκληροκαρδία. διά τοι τοῦτο καὶ προφητικὸς τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις ἐπισκήπτει λόγος “Περιτμήθητε τῷ Θεῷ” διαῤῥήδην ἀναβοῶν, “καὶ περιτεμεῖσθε τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ” ὑμῶν, ἄνδρες Ἰούδα καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες Ἱερουσαλήμ.“ ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐκείνοις, ἡμῖν δὲ μᾶλλον, ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ τὴν ἐν καρδίᾳ τετήρηκε περιτομὴν, τὴν διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου δηλονότι κατὰ τὸν ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ τελουμένην Ἰουδαῖον. δίκαιον οὖν ἄρα τῆς ἐκείνων ἀπειθείας ἀποπηδᾶν, καὶ παραιτεῖσθαι σπουδάζειν τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν, εἰς τρυφερὰν δὲ μᾶλλον μεταποιεῖσθαι διάνοιαν, εἰ τὴν ἐπ' ἐκείνοις ὀργὴν ὡς ὀλέθριον παραιτούμεθα.
« Καὶ τὸν ἐρχόμενον πρὸς μὲ οὐ μὴ ἐκβάλω ἔξω. » Οὐκ ἀνόνητον ἔσεσθαί φησι τοῖς πρὸς αὐτὸν ἰοῦσι τὴν διὰ πίστεως ἐπιστροφήν: ἔδει γὰρ ὄντως ἀξιεραστότατόν τι χρῆμα, καὶ μυρίων παραίτιον ἀγαθῶν, τὴν ἐκ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρὸς ἐπιδεῖξαι προσαγωγήν. ἔσται τοίνυν, φησὶ, καὶ ὑπάρξει τὰ κάλλιστα τοῖς διὰ τῆς ἄνωθεν χάριτος ὡς ἐμὲ καλουμένοις καὶ βαδίζουσιν. οὐ γὰρ ἐκβάλω ἔξω τὸν ἐρχόμενον, τουτέστιν, οὐ καθάπερ τι σκεῦος ἄχρηστον ἀποπέμψομαι κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον δι' ἑνὸς τῶν προφητῶν ” Ἠτιμώθη “Ἱεχονίας ὡς σκεῦος οὗ οὐκ ἔστι χρεία αὐτοῦ, ἀπεῤῥίφη καὶ ” ἐξεβλήθη εἰς γῆν ἣν οὐκ ᾔδει. γῆ γῆ ἄκουε λόγον Κυρίου, “γράψον τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον ἐκκήρυκτον ἄνθρωπον.” οὐκοῦν οὐκ ἐκκηρυχθήσεται, φησὶν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὡς ἄτιμος ἔξω ῥιφήσεται, ἢ καὶ ἀμέτοχος ἀπομενεῖ τῆς ἐμῆς φιλοτιμίας, ἀλλ' εἰς ἀποθήκην εἰσκομισθήσεται, καὶ ἐν ταῖς οὐρανίαις καταλύσει μοναῖς, εἴσω τε πάσης ἐλπίδος τῆς ὑπὲρ νοῦν ἀνθρώπινον ἑαυτὸν γεγονότα κατόψεται: “Ὀφθαλμὸς γὰρ οὐκ ” εἶδε καὶ οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσε καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ “ἀνέβη, ἃ ἡτοίμασεν ὁ Θεὸς τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτόν.” εἰκὸς δὲ δὴ πάλιν ὑποδηλοῦν, τό Οὐ μὴ ἐκβάλω ἔξω τὸν ἐρχόμενον πρὸς μὲ, τὸ μὴ παραδοθήσεσθαι τῇ κρίσει τὸν πιστεύοντα καὶ τῇ θείᾳ προσερχόμενον χάριτι. τὸ γάρ Ἔξω τοιοῦτόν τι σημαῖνον εὑρήσεις, ὡς ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ παραβολῇ τῇ παρὰ τῷ μακαρίῳ Ματθαίῳ “Ὁμοία γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία ” τῶν οὐρανῶν σαγήνῃ βληθείσῃ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ ἐκ “παντὸς γένους συναγαγούσῃ, ἣν ἀναβιβάσαντες καὶ ἐπὶ ” τὸν αἰγιαλὸν ἑλκύσαντες, συνέλεξαν τὰ καλὰ εἰς ἄγγεια, “τὰ δὲ σαπρὰ ἔξω ἔβαλον.” τὸ μὲν γὰρ εἰς τὰς θείας καὶ οὐρανίους αὐλὰς συγκομισθήσεσθαι τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς, διὰ τοῦ συλλελέχθαι λέγειν τὰ καλὰ εἰς ἄγγεια νοήσομεν: διὰ δὲ τοῦ τὸ ἀχρεῖον ἔξω βεβλῆσθαι, τὸ πάντων ἀποπεσεῖσθαι τῶν ἀγαθῶν καὶ εἰς κρίσιν κατοιχήσεσθαι τὸν ἀσεβῆ θεωρήσομεν. οὐκοῦν ὅταν λέγῃ Χριστός Τὸν ἐρχόμενον πρὸς μὲ οὐ μὴ ἐκβάλω ἔξω, τὸ μηδαμόθεν περιπεσεῖσθαι κολάσει τὸν διὰ πίστεως αὐτῷ προσιόντα λαὸν παραδεξώμεθα. σοφώτατα δέ μοι δοκεῖ τοῖς ἐκτόπως ἀπονοουμένοις διὰ τούτων ὑπαπειλεῖν, ὡς, εἰ μή τις αὐτοὺς τὴν ταχίστην ἀγαθὴν πρὸς εὐπείθειαν μεταποιεῖσθαι βουληθείη, ἔξω μὲν κείσονται παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ, τῆς δὲ εἰς αὐτὸν φιλίας καὶ οὐχ ἑκόντες ἀποδημήσουσι: δι' ὧν γὰρ οὐκ ἐκβάλλειν ἔξω τὸν ἐρχόμενον ἐπαγγέλλεται, διὰ τούτων αὐτῶν ὅτι πάντως ἐκβαλεῖ τὸν οὐκ ἰόντα σημαίνει.
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