Letter LXVI.

(a.d. 402.)

Addressed, Without Salutation, to Crispinus, the Donatist Bishop of Calama.

1. You ought to have been influenced by the fear of God; but since, in your work of rebaptizing the Mappalians,441    About eighty persons, on a property which he had acquired, were compelled by Crispinus to undergo submersion, notwithstanding their groaning and protesting against this tyrannical act of their new landlord. you have chosen to take advantage of the fear with which as man you could inspire them, let me ask you what hinders the order of the sovereign from being carried out in the province, when the order of the governor of the province has been so fully enforced in a village? If you compare the persons concerned, you are but a vassal in possession; he is the Emperor. If you compare the positions of both, you are in a property, he is on a throne; if you compare the causes maintained by both, his aim is to heal division, and yours is to rend unity in twain. But we do not bid you stand in awe of man: though we might take steps to compel you to pay, according to the imperial decree, ten pounds of gold as the penalty of your outrage. Perhaps you might be unable to pay the fine imposed upon those who rebaptize members of the Church, having been involved in so much expense in buying people whom you might compel to submit to the rite. But, as I have said, we do not bid you be afraid of man: rather let Christ fill you with fear. I should like to know what answer you could give Him, if He said to you: “Crispinus, was it a great price which you paid in order to buy the fear of the Mappalian peasantry; and does My death, the price paid by Me to purchase the love of all nations, seem little in your eyes? Was the money which was counted out from your purse in acquiring these serfs in order to their being rebaptized, a more costly sacrifice than the blood which flowed from My side in redeeming the nations in order to their being baptized?” I know that, if you would listen to Christ, you might hear many more such appeals, and might, even by the possession which you have obtained, be warned how impious are the things which you have spoken against Christ. For if you think that your title to hold what you have bought with money is sure by human law, how much more sure, by divine law, is Christ’s title to that which He hath bought with His own blood! And it is true that He of whom it is written, “He shall have dominion from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth,” shall hold with invincible might all which He has purchased; but how can you expect with any assurance to retain that which you think you have made your own by purchase in Africa, when you affirm that Christ has lost the whole world, and been left with Africa alone as His portion?

2. But why multiply words? If these Mappalians have passed of their own free will into your communion, let them hear both you and me on the question which divides us,—the words of each of us being written down, and translated into the Punic tongue after having been attested by our signatures; and then, all pressure through fear of their superior being removed, let these vassals choose what they please. For by the things which we shall say it will be made manifest whether they remain in error under coercion, or hold what they believe to be truth with their own consent. They either understand these matters, or they do not: if they do not, how could you dare to transfer them in their ignorance to your communion? and if they do, let them, as I have said, hear both sides, and act freely for themselves. If there be any communities that have passed over from you to us, which you believe to have yielded to the pressure of their superiors, let the same be done in their case; let them hear both sides, and choose for themselves. Now, if you reject this proposal, who can fail to be convinced that your reliance is not upon the force of truth? But you ought to beware of the wrath of God both here and hereafter. I adjure you by Christ to give a reply to what I have written.

EPISTOLA LXVI . Expostulat cum Crispino Calamensi, qui Mappalienses metu subactos rebaptizarat.

1. Deum quidem timere debuisti; sed quia in rebaptizandis Mappaliensibus sicut homo timeri voluisti, 0236 cur non valeat jussio regalis in provincia, si tantum valuit jussio provincialis in villa? Si personas compares, tu possessor, ille imperator. Si loca compares, tu in fundo, ille in regno. Si causas compares, ille ut divisio resarciatur, tu ut unitas dividatur. Sed nos te de homine non terremus. Nam possemus agere ut decem libras auri secundum imperatoria jussa persolveres. An forte propterea non habes unde reddas quod dare jussi sunt rebaptizatores, dum multum erogas ut emas quos rebaptizes? Sed nos te, ut dixi, de homine non terremus; Christus te potius terreat. Cui volo scire quid respondeas, si tibi dicat: Crispine, carum fuit pretium tuum ad emendum timorem Mappaliensium, et vilis mors mea ad emendum amorem omnium gentium? plus valuit rebaptizandis colonis tuis quod numeratum est de saeculo tuo, quam baptizandis populis meis quod manavir de latere meo? Scio te plura audire posse, si Christo aurem praebeas, et ex ipsa tua possessione admoneri quam impia contra Christum loquamini. Si enim humano jure praesumis firme te possidere quod emisti argento tuo, quanto firmius divino jure possidet Christus quod emit sanguine suo! Et ille quidem inconcusse possidebit totum quod emit, de quo dictum est: Dominabitur a mari usque ad mare, et a flumine usque ad terminos orbis terrae (Psal. LXXI, 8). Sed certe quomodo confidis non te perditurum quod in Africa videris emisse, qui Christum dicis toto orbe perdito ad solam Africam remansisse?

2. Quid multa? Si voluntate sua Mappalienses in tuam communionem transierunt, ambos nos audiant; ita ut scribantur quae dicemus, et a nobis subscripta eis punice interpretentur, et remoto timore dominationis eligant quod voluerint. Ex iis enim quae dicemus apparebit utrum coacti in falsitate remaneant, an volentes teneant veritatem. Si enim haec non intelligunt, qua temeritate traduxisti non intelligentes? Si autem intelligunt, ambos, ut dixi, audiant, et quod voluerint faciant. Si quae etiam plebes a vobis ad nos transierunt, quas putas a dominis coactas, hoc et ibi fiat; ambos nos audiant, et eligant quod placuerit. Si autem non vis hoc fieri, cui non appareat non vos de veritate praesumere? Sed cavenda est ira Dei, et hic et in futuro saeculo. Adjuro te per Christum, ut ad ista respondeas.