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did he make? was it not he himself? The one who brought you from non-being into being, and breathed into you a soul, and put in you a mind, and deemed you worthy to grant his knowledge, and did not spare his only-begotten Son for your sake, does he not spare you, but your fellow-servant will spare you? Of how much anger are these words? What such thing did you have from your husband? You could say nothing. For if he did you any good, it was after receiving good, after you had first acted; but in God's case one could say no such thing. For God does not benefit us in this way because he has been benefited by us, but being without need, out of goodness alone he does good to the human race. He promised you a kingdom, immortal life, glory, brotherhood, he gave adoption, he made you a co-heir of the Only-begotten; and you still remember your husband after so many good things? What such thing did he bestow? He made his sun to rise, he gave the rain, he feeds you with the yearly foods. Woe to us for our great ungratefulness! For this reason He takes your husband, so that you might not seek him; but you still have him when he is gone, and you leave God, when you ought to give thanks, when you ought to cast everything upon Him? For what is it that you have received from your husband? Birth-pangs, and toils, and insults, and reproaches often, and rebukes, and vexations. Are these not the things from husbands? But there are, she says, other good things too. What things are these then? Did he adorn you with expensive garments? Did he place gold about your person, did he make you respected by all? But if you wish, even after he has departed He will adorn you with a much better adornment; for solemnity makes her who has it much more admirable than gold. This king also has garments, not such as those, but much better; put those on, if you wish. What sort are these? It is a garment having golden tassels; if you wish, clothe your 62.433 soul with this. But did he not make you not to be despised by men? And what great thing is this? Widowhood, however, does not allow you to become despised by demons. Then you ruled over your servants, if indeed you ruled at all; but now instead of servants you rule over the incorporeal powers, the principalities, the authorities, the ruler of this world. But you do not speak of the painful things in which you shared with him, if ever there was fear of rulers, if ever the successes of neighbors. From all these you are now freed, from fear and terror. But who will raise for you the children left behind, you are anxious? The Father of orphans. For who gave them, tell me? do you not hear Christ saying in the Gospels, Is not the soul more than food, and the body more than clothing? d. Do you see that the lamentation comes not from habit, but from unbelief? But the children are not equally distinguished when their father has died. Why? It has God for a Father, and is not distinguished? How many shall I point out to you who were raised by widows, and became approved? and how many who were with their fathers, and were lost? For if you raise them from an early age as they ought to be raised, they will enjoy a benefit much more than a father's protection. For that this matter, I mean the raising of children, belongs to widows, hear Paul saying: If she has brought up children; and again, But she will be saved through childbearing (he did not say, through her husband), if they continue in faith and love and holiness with self-control. Instill in them the fear of God from their earliest age, and it will preserve them more than any father; this will be an unbreakable wall. For when the guard is seated within, we need no devices from without; but when he is not there, all things from without are in vain. This will be for them both wealth and glory and good order, this will make them distinguished, not on earth, but also in the heavens. For do not look for me at those girded with golden belts, nor those borne on horses, nor those who are brilliant in the palaces because of their fathers, nor those who have attendants and tutors. For perhaps these things make widows lament over their orphans,

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ἐποίησεν; οὐχὶ αὐτός; Ὁ μὲν ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος εἰς τὸ εἶναι παραγαγὼν, καὶ ψυχὴν μὲν ἐμπνεύσας, καὶ διάνοιαν ἐνθεὶς, καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ γνῶσιν καταξιώσας χαρίσασθαι, καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ τοῦ μονογενοῦς διὰ σὲ μὴ φειδόμενος, σοῦ οὐ φείδεται, ὁ δὲ ὁμόδουλος φείσεται; πόσης ταῦτα ὀργῆς τὰ ῥήματα; Τί τοιοῦτον ἔσχες παρὰ τοῦ ἀνδρός; Οὐδὲν ἂν ἔχοις εἰπεῖν. Εἰ γάρ τί σε καὶ εὐηργέτησεν, ἀλλ' εὖ παθὼν, ἀλλὰ προϋπαρξάσης σου· ἐπὶ δὲ Θεοῦ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἄν τις ἔχοι λέγειν. Οὐ γὰρ εὖ παθὼν ὁ Θεὸς παρ' ἡμῶν, οὕτως ἡμᾶς εὐεργετεῖ, ἀλλ' ἀνενδεὴς ὢν, ἐξ ἀγαθότητος μόνης εὖ ποιεῖ τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος. Βασιλείαν σοι ἐπηγγείλατο, ζωὴν ἀθάνατον, δόξαν, ἀδελφότητα, υἱοθεσίαν ἔδωκε, συγκληρονόμον τοῦ Μονογενοῦς ἐποίησε· σὺ δὲ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἔτι μέμνησαι μετὰ τοσαῦτα ἀγαθά; Τί τοιοῦτον ἐκεῖνος ἐχαρίσατο; Τὸν ἥλιον αὐτοῦ ἀνέτειλε, τὸν ὑετὸν ἔδωκε, ταῖς ἐτησίοις τροφαῖς τρέφει. Οὐαὶ ἡμῖν ἐκ τῆς πολλῆς ἀχαριστίας! ∆ιὰ τοῦτο λαμβάνει τὸν ἄνδρα, ἵνα αὐτὸν μὴ ζητῇς· σὺ δὲ ἀπελθόντος ἔχῃ ἔτι, καὶ τὸν Θεὸν ἀφίης, δέον εὐχαριστεῖν, δέον τὸ πᾶν ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἐπιῤῥίπτειν; Τί γάρ ἐστιν ὃ παρὰ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἔλαβες; ὠδῖνες, καὶ πόνοι, καὶ ὕβρεις, καὶ λοιδορίαι πολλάκις, καὶ ἐπιτιμήσεις, καὶ ἀγανακτήσεις. Οὐ ταῦτα τὰ παρὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν; Ἀλλ' ἔστι, φησὶ, καὶ ἕτερα χρηστά. Ποῖα δὴ ταῦτα; ἐκαλλώπισέ σε ἱματίοις πολυτελέσι; χρυσία περιέθηκε τῷ προσώπῳ, αἰδέσιμον πᾶσιν ἐποίησεν; Ἀλλ' ἂν θέλῃς, καὶ ἀπελθόντος κοσμήσει κόσμῳ πολὺ βελτίονι· τῶν γὰρ χρυσίων πολλῷ θαυμασιωτέραν τὴν ἔχουσαν ἡ σεμνότης ποιεῖ. Ἔχει καὶ οὗτος ὁ βασιλεὺς ἱμάτια, οὐ τοιαῦτα, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ βελτίω· ἐκεῖνα, ἂν ἐθέλῃς, περιβαλοῦ. Ποῖα δὴ ταῦτα; Ἱματισμός ἐστι διαχρύσους κροσσοὺς ἔχων· ἐὰν ἐθέλῃς, τούτῳ περίβαλε τὴν 62.433 ψυχήν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐποίησεν εὐκαταφρόνητον ἀνθρώποις ἐκεῖνος; Καὶ τί τοῦτο μέγα; ἡ μέντοι χηρεία οὐκ ἀφίησί σε γενέσθαι εὐκαταφρόνητον τοῖς δαίμοσι. Τότε τῶν οἰκετῶν ἐκράτεις τῶν σῶν, εἴ γε ὅλως ἐκράτεις· νῦν δὲ ἀντὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν τῶν ἀσωμάτων δυνάμεων, τῶν ἀρχῶν, τῶν ἐξουσιῶν, τοῦ κοσμοκράτορος κρατεῖς. Τὰ δὲ λυπηρὰ οὐ λέγεις, ἐν οἷς ἐκοινώνησας αὐτῷ, εἴ ποτε ἀρχόντων φόβος, εἴ ποτε παρευδοκιμήσεις τῶν πλησίον. Τούτων ἁπάντων ἀπήλλαξαι νῦν, φόβου καὶ δέους. Ἀλλὰ τίς σοι τὰ καταλειφθέντα θρέψει παιδία, μεριμνᾷς; Ὁ Πατὴρ τῶν ὀρφανῶν. Τίς γὰρ αὐτὰ ἔδωκεν, εἰπέ μοι; οὐκ ἀκούεις τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος ἐν τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις, Οὐχὶ ἡ ψυχὴ πλείων ἐστὶ τῆς τροφῆς, καὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἐνδύματος; δʹ. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι οὐκ ἀπὸ συνηθείας, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ ἀπιστίας ὁ θρῆνος γίνεται; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι λαμπρὰ ὁμοίως τὰ παιδία τοῦ πατρὸς τελευτήσαντος. ∆ιὰ τί; τὸν Θεὸν ἔχει Πατέρα, καὶ οὐκ ἔστι λαμπρά; Πόσους σοι ὑποδείξω ὑπὸ χηρῶν ἀνατραφέντας, καὶ γενομένους δοκίμους; πόσους δὲ ὑπὸ πατράσιν ὄντας, καὶ ἀπολωλότας; Ἂν γὰρ αὐτὰ ἀνατρέφῃς ἐκ πρώτης ἡλικίας ὡς ἀνατρέφειν δεῖ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τῆς προστασίας τῆς πατρικῆς ἀπολαύσονται εὐεργεσίας. Ὅτι γὰρ χηρῶν ἐστι τὸ πρᾶγμα, τὸ τὰ παιδία λέγω ἀνατρέφειν, ἄκουσον Παύλου λέγοντος· Εἰ ἐτεκνοτρόφησε· καὶ πάλιν, Σωθήσεται δὲ διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας (οὐκ εἶπε, διὰ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς), ἐὰν ἐπιμείνωσι τῇ πίστει καὶ τῇ ἀγάπῃ καὶ τῷ ἁγιασμῷ μετὰ σωφροσύνης. Ἔνθετε αὐτοῖς τὸν φόβον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐκ πρώτης ἡλικίας, καὶ παντὸς πατρὸς μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς διατηρήσει· τοῦτο τεῖχος ἔσται ἀῤῥαγές. Ὅταν γὰρ ἔνδον ὁ φύλαξ ἐγκαθήμενος ᾖ, οὐδὲν ἡμῖν τῶν ἔξωθεν δεῖ ἐπιτεχνημάτων· ἐκείνου δὲ οὐκ ὄντος, πάντα εἰκῆ τὰ ἔξωθεν γίνεται. Τοῦτο αὐτοῖς ἔσται καὶ πλοῦτος καὶ δόξα καὶ εὐκοσμία, τοῦτο αὐτοὺς ποιήσει λαμπροὺς, οὐκ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Μὴ γάρ μοι πρὸς ἐκείνους ἴδῃς τοὺς διεζωσμένους τὰς ζώνας τὰς χρυσᾶς, μηδὲ τοὺς ἐφ' ἵππων φερομένους, μηδὲ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς βασιλείοις λάμποντας διὰ τοὺς πατέρας, μηδὲ τοὺς ἀκολούθους ἔχοντας καὶ παιδαγωγούς. Ταῦτα γὰρ ἴσως τὰς χήρας ἐπὶ τοῖς ὀρφανοῖς κόπτεσθαι ποιεῖ,