Homily I.

 1. It is right that any one beginning to narrate the formation of the world should begin with the good order which reigns in visible things. I am abou

 2. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” I stop struck with admiration at this thought. What shall I first say? Where shall I begin

 3. Do not then imagine, O man! that the visible world is without a beginning and because the celestial bodies move in a circular course, and it is di

 4. One day, doubtless, their terrible condemnation will be the greater for all this worldly wisdom, since, seeing so clearly into vain sciences, they

 5. It appears, indeed, that even before this world an order of things existed of which our mind can form an idea, but of which we can say nothing, bec

 6. Such being the different senses of the word beginning, see if we have not all the meanings here. You may know the epoch when the formation of this

 7. Among arts, some have in view production, some practice, others theory. The object of the last is the exercise of thought, that of the second, the

 8. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” If we were to wish to discover the essence of each of the beings which are offered for our

 9. Do you suppose that a heavier body prevents the earth from falling into the abyss? Then you must consider that this support needs itself a support

 10. There are inquirers into nature who with a great display of words give reasons for the immobility of the earth. Placed, they say, in the middle of

 11. We might say the same thing of the heavens. With what a noise of words the sages of this world have discussed their nature! Some have said that he

 Homily II.

 1. In the few words which have occupied us this morning we have found such a depth of thought that we despair of penetrating further. If such is the f

 2. But the corrupters of the truth, who, incapable of submitting their reason to Holy Scripture, distort at will the meaning of the Holy Scriptures, p

 3. God created the heavens and the earth, but not only half —He created all the heavens and all the earth, creating the essence with the form. For He

 4. “Darkness was upon the face of the deep.” A new source for fables and most impious imaginations if one distorts the sense of these words at the wil

 5. Do not then go beyond yourself to seek for evil, and imagine that there is an original nature of wickedness. Each of us, let us acknowledge it, is

 6.  And the Spirit of God was borne upon the face of the waters  .

 7.  And God said, Let there be light  .

 8. “  And God called the light Day and the darkness he called Night  .”

 Homily III.

 1. We have now recounted the works of the first day, or rather of one day. Far be it from me indeed, to take from it the privilege it enjoys of having

 2. And God said “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” Yesterday we heard God’s decree,

 3. In the second place, does the firmament that is called heaven differ from the firmament that God made in the beginning? Are there two heavens? The

 4. “  And God said, let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God made the firmament, and

 5. But let us continue our explanation: “  Let it divide the waters from the waters  .”

 6. Survey creation you will see the power of heat reigning over all that is born and perishes. On account of it comes all the water spread over the e

 7. Therefore we read: “  Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters  .” I have said what the wo

 8. “  And God called the firmament heaven  .”

 9. But as far as concerns the separation of the waters I am obliged to contest the opinion of certain writers in the Church who, under the shadow of h

 10. “  And God saw that it was good  .” God does not judge of the beauty of His work by the charm of the eyes, and He does not form the same idea of b

 Homily IV.

 1. There are towns where the inhabitants, from dawn to eve, feast their eyes on the tricks of innumerable conjurors. They are never tired of hearing d

 2. “  And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear, and it was so  .” And the water

 3. “Let the waters be gathered together.” It was ordered that it should be the natural property of water to flow, and in obedience to this order, the

 4. To say that the waters were gathered in one place indicates that previously they were scattered in many places. The mountains, intersected by deep

 5. And God said: “  Let the waters be gathered together unto one place and let the dry land appear  .” He did not say let the earth appear, so as not

 6. “  And God saw that it was good  .”

 7. Thus, in the eyes of God, the sea is good, because it makes the under current of moisture in the depths of the earth. It is good again, because fro

 Homily V.

 1. “  And God said Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth grass yielding seed after his kind  .” So that although some kind of grass is of service to animals, even their gain i

 3. Up to this point, the order in which plants shoot bears witness to their first arrangement. Every herb, every plant proceeds from a germ. If, like

 4. What shall I say? What shall I leave unsaid? In the rich treasures of creation it is difficult to select what is most precious the loss of what is

 5. “  Let the earth bring forth grass  .” What spontaneous provision is included in these words,—that which is present in the root, in the plant itsel

 6. “  Let the earth  ,” the Creator adds, “  bring forth the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 7. But let us return to the examination of the ingenious contrivances of creation. How many trees then arose, some to give us their fruits, others to

 8. Plants reproduce themselves in so many different ways, that we can only touch upon the chief among them. As to fruits themselves, who could review

 9. But what need is there to continue, when in the same fig tree we have the most opposite flavours, as bitter in the sap as it is sweet in the fruit?

 10. “  Let the earth bring forth  .” This short command was in a moment a vast nature, an elaborate system. Swifter than thought it produced the count

 Homily VI.

 1. At the shows in the circus the spectator must join in the efforts of the athletes. This the laws of the show indicate, for they prescribe that all

 2. “  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to divide the day from the night  .”

 3. And let no one suppose it to be a thing incredible that the brightness of the light is one thing, and the body which is its material vehicle is ano

 4. “  And let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years  .”

 5. But those who overstep the borders, making the words of Scripture their apology for the art of casting nativities, pretend that our lives depend up

 6. But what effects are produced? Such an one will have curly hair and bright eyes, because he is born under the Ram such is the appearance of a ram.

 7. They do not, however, stop here even our acts, where each one feels his will ruling, I mean, the practice of virtue or of vice, depend, according

 8. Let us return to the words which follow. “Let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years.” We have spoken about signs. By times, we u

 9. “  And God made two great lights  .”

 10. See again another evident proof of its greatness. Although the heaven may be full of stars without number, the light contributed by them all could

 11. On its variations depends also the condition of the air, as is proved by sudden disturbances which often come after the new moon, in the midst of

 Homily VII.

 1. “  And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life  ” after their kind, “  and fowl that may fly above the e

 2. “Let the waters bring forth moving creatures after their kind.” God caused to be born the firstlings of each species to serve as seeds for nature.

 3. The food of fish differs according to their species. Some feed on mud others eat sea weed others content themselves with the herbs that grow in w

 4. It is not thus with us. Why? Because we incessantly move the ancient landmarks which our fathers have set. We encroach, we add house to house, fiel

 5. I myself have seen these marvels, and I have admired the wisdom of God in all things. If beings deprived of reason are capable of thinking and of p

 6. Let husbands listen as well: here is a lesson for them. The viper vomits forth its venom in respect for marriage and you, will you not put aside t

 Homily VIII.

 1. And God said “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping things, and beast of the earth after his kind an

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth a living soul  .” Why did the earth produce a living soul? so that you may make a difference between the soul of cattl

 3. There are also innumerable kinds of birds. If we review them all, as we have partly done the fish, we shall find that under one name, the creatures

 4. What a variety, I have said, in the actions and lives of flying creatures. Some of these unreasoning creatures even have a government, if the featu

 5. How shall we make an exact review of all the peculiarities of the life of birds? During the night cranes keep watch in turn some sleep, others mak

 6. It is said that the turtle-dove, once separated from her mate, does not contract a new union, but remains in widowhood, in remembrance of her first

 7. “  Let the waters bring forth the moving creatures that have life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven  .” They r

 8. If we simply read the words of Scripture we find only a few short syllables. “Let the waters bring forth fowl that may fly above the earth in the o

 Homily IX.

 1. How did you like the fare of my morning’s discourse? It seemed to me that I had the good intentions of a poor giver of a feast, who, ambitious of h

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .”

 3. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .” Thus when the soul of brutes appeared it was not concealed in the earth, but it was born by th

 4. Virtues exist in us also by nature, and the soul has affinity with them not by education, but by nature herself. We do not need lessons to hate ill

 5. But let us return to the spectacle of creation. The easiest animals to catch are the most productive. It is on account of this that hares and wild

 6. Beasts bear witness to the faith. Hast thou confidence in the Lord? “Thou shalt walk upon the asp and the basilisk and thou shalt trample under fee

3. The food of fish differs according to their species. Some feed on mud; others eat sea weed; others content themselves with the herbs that grow in water. But the greater part devour each other, and the smaller is food for the larger, and if one which has possessed itself of a fish weaker than itself becomes a prey to another, the conqueror and the conquered are both swallowed up in the belly of the last. And we mortals, do we act otherwise when we press our inferiors?  11  cf. Pericles ii. i. 3 Fish. Master, I marvel how the fishes live in the sea. 1 Fish. Why, as men do a-land; the great ones eat up the little ones. What difference is there between the last fish and the man who, impelled by devouring greed, swallows the weak in the folds of his insatiable avarice? Yon fellow possessed the goods of the poor; you caught him and made him a part of your abundance. You have shown yourself more unjust than the unjust, and more miserly than the miser. Look to it lest you end like the fish, by hook, by weel, or by net. Surely we too, when we have done the deeds of the wicked, shall not escape punishment at the last.

Now see what tricks, what cunning, are to be found in a weak animal, and learn not to imitate wicked doers. The crab loves the flesh of the oyster; but, sheltered by its shell, a solid rampart with which nature has furnished its soft and delicate flesh, it is a difficult prey to seize. Thus they call the oyster “sherd-hide.”  12  ὀστρακόδερμος. Thanks to the two shells with which it is enveloped, and which adapt themselves perfectly the one to the other, the claws of the crab are quite powerless. What does he do? When he sees it, sheltered from the wind, warming itself with pleasure, and half opening its shells to the sun,  13  Fialon quotes Le Fontaine Le Rat et l’Huitre: Parmi tant d’huitres toutes closes, Une s’était ouverte, et baillant au soleil, Par un doux Zéphyr réjouie, Humait l’air, respirait était épanouie, Blanche, grasse, et d’un goût, à la voir, sans pareil. he secretly throws in a pebble, prevents them from closing, and takes by cunning what force had lost.  14  Pliny ix. 48, says of the octopus: “imposito lapillo extra corpus ne palpitatu ejiciatur: ita securi grassantur, extrahuntque carnes.” Such is the malice of these animals, deprived as they are of reason and of speech. But I would that you should at once rival the crab in cunning and industry, and abstain from harming your neighbour; this animal is the image of him who craftily approaches his brother, takes advantage of his neighbour’s misfortunes, and finds his delight in other men’s troubles. O copy not the damned! Content yourself with your own lot. Poverty, with what is necessary, is of more value in the eyes of the wise than all pleasures.

I will not pass in silence the cunning and trickery of the squid, which takes the colour of the rock to which it attaches itself. Most fish swim idly up to the squid as they might to a rock, and become themselves the prey of the crafty creature.  15  cf. Theog. 215: πούλυπου ὀργὴν ἴσχε πολυπλόκου, ὃς ποτὶ πέτρῃ τῇ προσομιλήσει τοῖος ἰδεῖν ἐφάνη Νῦν μὲν τῇς ἐφέπου, ποτὲ δ᾽ἀλλοῖος χρόα γίγνου, κραιπνόν τοι σοφίη γίγνεται εὐτροπίης . Greg. Naz., Or. xxxvi.: πολλὰς μεταλαμβάνων χρόας ὥσπερ τὰ τῶν πετρῶν εἱ πολύποδες αἷς ἃν ὁμιλήσωσι, and Arist., Hist. An. ix. 37: καὶ θηρεύει τοὺς ἰχθῦς τὸ χρῶμα μεταβάλλων καὶ ποιῶν ὅμοιον οἷς δη πλησιάζῃ λίθοις. Such are men who court ruling powers, bending themselves to all circumstances and not remaining for a moment in the same purpose; who praise self-restraint in the company of the self-restrained, and license in that of the licentious, accommodating their feelings to the pleasure of each. It is difficult to escape them and to put ourselves on guard against their mischief; because it is under the mask of friendship that they hide their clever wickedness. Men like this are ravening wolves covered with sheep’s clothing, as the Lord calls them.  16  cf. Matt. vii. 15. Flee then fickleness and pliability; seek truth, sincerity, simplicity. The serpent is shifty; so he has been condemned to crawl. The just is an honest man, like Job.  17  So the Cod. Colb. and Eustathius, who renders Justus nihil habet fictum sicut Job. The Ben. Ed. suspect that Basil wrote Jacob and Job. Four mss. support Jacob alone, who, whatever may be the meaning of the Hebrew in Gen. xxv. 27, is certainly ἄπλαστος only in the LXX., and a bad instance of guilelessness. Wherefore God setteth the solitary in families.  18  Ps. lxviii. 6. So is this great and wide sea, wherein are things creeping innumerable, both small and great beasts.  19  Ps. civ. 25. Yet a wise and marvellous order reigns among these animals. Fish do not always deserve our reproaches; often they offer us useful examples. How is it that each sort of fish, content with the region that has been assigned to it, never travels over its own limits to pass into foreign seas? No surveyor has ever distributed to them their habitations, nor enclosed them in walls, nor assigned limits to them; each kind has been naturally assigned its own home. One gulf nourishes one kind of fish, another other sorts; those which swarm here are absent elsewhere. No mountain raises its sharp peaks between them; no rivers bar the passage to them; it is a law of nature, which according to the needs of each kind, has allotted to them their dwelling places with equality and justice.  20  cf. Cudworth, Int. Syst. iii. 37, 23: “Besides this plastick Nature which is in animals, forming their several bodies artificially, as so many microcosms or little worlds, there must also be a general plastick Nature in the macrocosm, the whole corporeal universe, that which makes all things thus to conspire everywhere, and agree together into one harmony. Concerning which plastick nature of the universe, the Author De Mundo writes after this manner, καὶ τὸν ὅλον κόσμον, διεκόσμησε μία ἡ διὰ πάντων διήκουσα δύναμις, one power, passing through all things, ordered and formed the whole world. Again he calls the same πνεῦμα καὶ ἔμψυχον καὶ γόνιμον οὐσίαν, a spirit, and a living and Generative Nature, and plainly declares it to be a thing distinct from the Deity, but subordinate to it and dependent on it. But Aristotle himself, in that genuine work of his before mentioned, speaks clearly and positively concerning the Plastick Nature of the Universe, as well as that of animals, in these words: ‘It seemeth that as there is Art in Artificial things, so in the things of Nature, there is another such like Principle or Cause, which we ourselves partake of: in the same manner as we do of Heat and Cold, from the Universe. Wherefore it is more probable that the whole world was at first made by such a cause as this (if at least it were made) and that it is still conserved by the same, than mortal animals should be so: for there is much more of order and determinate Regularity in the Heavenly Bodies that in ourselves; but more of Fortuitousness and inconstant Regularity among these mortal things. Notwithstanding which, some there are, who though they cannot but acknowledge that the Bodies of Animals were all framed by an Artificial Nature, yet they will need contend that the System of the Heavens sprung merely from Fortune and Chance; although there be not the least appearance of Fortuitousness or Temerity in it.’ And then he sums up all into this conclusion: ὥστε εἶναι φανερὸν ὅτι ἔστι τι τοιοῦτον ὃ δὴ καὶ καλοῦμεν φύσιν. ‘Wherefore it is manifest that there is some such thing as that which we call Nature,’ that is, that there is not only an ‘Artificial,’ ‘Methodical,’ and Plastick Nature in Animals, by which their respective Bodies are Framed and Conserved, but also that there is such a General Plastick Nature likewise in the Universe, by which the Heavens and whole World are thus Artificially Ordered and Disposed.”

11 cf. Pericles ii. i. 3 Fish. Master, I marvel how the fishes live in the sea. 1 Fish. Why, as men do a-land; the great ones eat up the little ones.
12 ὀστρακόδερμος.
13 Fialon quotes Le Fontaine Le Rat et l’Huitre: Parmi tant d’huitres toutes closes, Une s’était ouverte, et baillant au soleil, Par un doux Zéphyr réjouie, Humait l’air, respirait était épanouie, Blanche, grasse, et d’un goût, à la voir, sans pareil.
14 Pliny ix. 48, says of the octopus: “imposito lapillo extra corpus ne palpitatu ejiciatur: ita securi grassantur, extrahuntque carnes.”
15 cf. Theog. 215: πούλυπου ὀργὴν ἴσχε πολυπλόκου, ὃς ποτὶ πέτρῃ τῇ προσομιλήσει τοῖος ἰδεῖν ἐφάνη Νῦν μὲν τῇς ἐφέπου, ποτὲ δ᾽ἀλλοῖος χρόα γίγνου, κραιπνόν τοι σοφίη γίγνεται εὐτροπίης . Greg. Naz., Or. xxxvi.: πολλὰς μεταλαμβάνων χρόας ὥσπερ τὰ τῶν πετρῶν εἱ πολύποδες αἷς ἃν ὁμιλήσωσι, and Arist., Hist. An. ix. 37: καὶ θηρεύει τοὺς ἰχθῦς τὸ χρῶμα μεταβάλλων καὶ ποιῶν ὅμοιον οἷς δη πλησιάζῃ λίθοις.
16 cf. Matt. vii. 15.
17 So the Cod. Colb. and Eustathius, who renders Justus nihil habet fictum sicut Job. The Ben. Ed. suspect that Basil wrote Jacob and Job. Four mss. support Jacob alone, who, whatever may be the meaning of the Hebrew in Gen. xxv. 27, is certainly ἄπλαστος only in the LXX., and a bad instance of guilelessness.
18 Ps. lxviii. 6.
19 Ps. civ. 25.
20 cf. Cudworth, Int. Syst. iii. 37, 23: “Besides this plastick Nature which is in animals, forming their several bodies artificially, as so many microcosms or little worlds, there must also be a general plastick Nature in the macrocosm, the whole corporeal universe, that which makes all things thus to conspire everywhere, and agree together into one harmony. Concerning which plastick nature of the universe, the Author De Mundo writes after this manner, καὶ τὸν ὅλον κόσμον, διεκόσμησε μία ἡ διὰ πάντων διήκουσα δύναμις, one power, passing through all things, ordered and formed the whole world. Again he calls the same πνεῦμα καὶ ἔμψυχον καὶ γόνιμον οὐσίαν, a spirit, and a living and Generative Nature, and plainly declares it to be a thing distinct from the Deity, but subordinate to it and dependent on it. But Aristotle himself, in that genuine work of his before mentioned, speaks clearly and positively concerning the Plastick Nature of the Universe, as well as that of animals, in these words: ‘It seemeth that as there is Art in Artificial things, so in the things of Nature, there is another such like Principle or Cause, which we ourselves partake of: in the same manner as we do of Heat and Cold, from the Universe. Wherefore it is more probable that the whole world was at first made by such a cause as this (if at least it were made) and that it is still conserved by the same, than mortal animals should be so: for there is much more of order and determinate Regularity in the Heavenly Bodies that in ourselves; but more of Fortuitousness and inconstant Regularity among these mortal things. Notwithstanding which, some there are, who though they cannot but acknowledge that the Bodies of Animals were all framed by an Artificial Nature, yet they will need contend that the System of the Heavens sprung merely from Fortune and Chance; although there be not the least appearance of Fortuitousness or Temerity in it.’ And then he sums up all into this conclusion: ὥστε εἶναι φανερὸν ὅτι ἔστι τι τοιοῦτον ὃ δὴ καὶ καλοῦμεν φύσιν. ‘Wherefore it is manifest that there is some such thing as that which we call Nature,’ that is, that there is not only an ‘Artificial,’ ‘Methodical,’ and Plastick Nature in Animals, by which their respective Bodies are Framed and Conserved, but also that there is such a General Plastick Nature likewise in the Universe, by which the Heavens and whole World are thus Artificially Ordered and Disposed.”

Τροφὴ δὲ ἰχθύσιν ἄλλοις ἄλλη κατὰ γένος διωρισμένη. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἰλύϊ τρέφονται: οἱ δὲ τοῖς φυκίοις: ἄλλοι ταῖς βοτάναις ταῖς ἐντρεφομέναις τῷ ὕδατι ἀρκοῦνται. Ἀλληλοφάγοι δὲ τῶν ἰχθύων οἱ πλεῖστοι, καὶ ὁ μικρότερος παρ' ἐκείνοις βρῶμά ἐστι τοῦ μείζονος. Κἄν ποτε συμβῇ τὸν τοῦ ἐλάττονος κρατήσαντα ἑτέρου γενέσθαι θήραμα, ὑπὸ τὴν μίαν ἄγονται γαστέρα τοῦ τελευταίου. Τί οὖν ἡμεῖς οἱ ἄνθρωποι ἄλλο τι ποιοῦμεν ἐν τῇ καταδυναστείᾳ τῶν ὑποδεεστέρων; τί διαφέρει τοῦ τελευταίου ἰχθύος ὁ τῇ λαιμάργῳ φιλοπλουτίᾳ τοῖς ἀπληρώτοις τῆς πλεονεξίας αὐτοῦ κόλποις ἐναποκρύπτων τοὺς ἀσθενεῖς; Ἐκεῖνος εἶχε τὰ τοῦ πένητος: σὺ τοῦτον λαβὼν μέρος ἐποιήσω τῆς περιουσίας σεαυτοῦ. Ἀδίκων ἀδικώτερος ἀνεφάνης, καὶ πλεονεκτικώτερος πλεονέκτου. Ὅρα μὴ τὸ αὐτό σε πέρας τῶν ἰχθύων ἐκδέξηται, ἄγκιστρόν που, ἢ κύρτος, ἢ δίκτυον. Πάντως γὰρ καὶ ἡμεῖς πολλὰ τῶν ἀδίκων διεξελθόντες, τὴν τελευταίαν τιμωρίαν οὐκ ἀποδρασόμεθα. Ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἐν ἀσθενεῖ ζῴῳ πολὺ τὸ πανοῦργον καὶ ἐπίβουλον καταμαθὼν, βούλομαί σε φυγεῖν τῶν κακούργων τὴν μίμησιν. Ὁ καρκῖνος τῆς σαρκὸς ἐπιθυμεῖ τοῦ ὀστρέου: ἀλλὰ δυσάλωτος ἡ ἄγρα αὐτῷ διὰ τὴν περιβολὴν τοῦ ὀστράκου γίνεται. Ἀρραγεῖ γὰρ ἑρκίῳ τὸ ἁπαλὸν τῆς σαρκὸς ἡ φύσις κατησφαλίσατο. Διὸ καὶ ὀστρακόδερμον προσηγόρευται. Καὶ ἐπειδὴ δύο κοιλότητες ἀκριβῶς ἀλλήλαις προσηρμοσμέναι τὸ ὄστρεον περιπτύσσονται, ἀναγκαίως ἄπρακτοί εἰσιν αἱ χηλαὶ τοῦ καρκίνου. Τί οὖν ποιεῖ; Ὅταν ἴδῃ ἐν ἀπηνέμοις χωρίοις μεθ' ἡδονῆς διαθαλπόμενον, καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἀκτῖνα τοῦ ἡλίου τὰς πτύχας ἑαυτοῦ διαπλώσαντα, τότε δὴ λάθρᾳ ψηφῖδα παρεμβαλὼν, διακωλύει τὴν σύμπτυξιν, καὶ εὑρίσκεται τὸ ἐλλεῖπον τῆς δυνάμεως διὰ τῆς ἐπινοίας περιεχόμενος. Αὕτη ἡ κακία τῶν μήτε λόγου μήτε φωνῆς μετεχόντων. Ἐγὼ δέ σε βούλομαι τὸ ποριστικὸν καὶ εὐμήχανον τῶν καρκίνων ζηλοῦντα, τῆς βλάβης τῶν πλησίον ἀπέχεσθαι. Τοιοῦτός ἐστιν ὁ πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν πορευόμενος δόλῳ, καὶ ταῖς τῶν πλησίον ἀκαιρίαις ἐπιτιθέμενος, καὶ ταῖς ἀλλοτρίαις συμφοραῖς ἐντρυφῶν. Φεῦγε τὰς μιμήσεις τῶν κατεγνωσμένων. Τοῖς οἰκείοις ἀρκοῦ. Πενία μετὰ αὐταρκείας ἀληθοῦς, πάσης ἀπολαύσεως τοῖς σωφρονοῦσι προτιμοτέρα. Οὐκ ἂν παρέλθοιμι τὸ τοῦ πολύποδος δολερὸν καὶ ἐπίκλοπον, ὃς ὁποίᾳ ποτ' ἂν ἑκάστοτε πέτρᾳ περιπλακῇ, τὴν ἐκείνης ὑπέρχεται χρόαν. Ὥστε τοὺς πολλοὺς τῶν ἰχθύων ἀπροόπτως νηχομένους τῷ πολύποδι περιπίπτειν, ὡς τῇ πέτρᾳ δῆθεν, καὶ ἕτοιμον γίνεσθαι θήραμα τῷ πανούργῳ. Τοιοῦτοί εἰσι τὸ ἦθος οἱ τὰς ἀεὶ κρατούσας δυναστείας ὑπερχόμενοι, καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἑκάστοτε χρείας μεθαρμοζόμενοι, μὴ ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ἀεὶ προαιρέσεως βεβηκότες, ἀλλ' ἄλλοι καὶ ἄλλοι ῥᾳδίως γινόμενοι, σωφροσύνην τιμῶντες μετὰ σωφρόνων, ἀκόλαστοι δὲ ἐν ἀκολάστοις, πρὸς τὴν ἑκάστου ἀρέσκειαν τὰς γνώμας μετατιθέμενοι. Οὓς οὐδὲ ῥᾴδιον ἐκκλῖναι, οὐδὲ τὴν ἀπ' αὐτῶν φυλάξασθαι βλάβην, διὰ τὸ ἐν τῷ προσχήματι τῆς φιλίας βαθέως κατεσκευασμένην τὴν πονηρίαν κατακεκρύφθαι. Τὰ τοιαῦτα ἤθη λύκους ἅρπαγας ὀνομάζει ὁ Κύριος, ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων προφαινομένους. Φεῦγε τὸ παντοδαπὸν καὶ πολλαπλοῦν τοῦ τρόπου: δίωκε δὲ ἀλήθειαν, εἰλικρίνειαν, ἁπλότητα. Ὁ ὄφις ποικίλος: διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἕρπειν κατεδικάσθη. Ὁ δίκαιος ἄπλαστος, ὁποῖος ὁ Ἰακώβ. Διὰ τοῦτο Κατοικίζει Κύριος μονοτρόπους ἐν οἴκῳ. Αὕτη ἡ θάλασσα ἡ μεγάλη καὶ εὐρύχωρος: ἐκεῖ ἑρπετὰ, ὧν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀριθμός: ζῷα μικρὰ μετὰ μεγάλων. Ἀλλ' ὅμως σοφή τίς ἐστι παρ' αὐτοῖς καὶ εὔτακτος διακόσμησις. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον κατηγορεῖν ἔχομεν τῶν ἰχθύων, ἀλλ' ἔστιν ἃ καὶ μιμήσασθαι ἄξιον. Πῶς τὰ γένη τῶν ἰχθύων ἕκαστα τὴν ἐπιτηδείαν ἑαυτοῖς διανειμάμενα χώραν, οὐκ ἐπεμβαίνει ἀλλήλοις, ἀλλὰ τοῖς οἰκείοις ὅροις ἐνδιατρίβει; Οὐδεὶς γεωμέτρης παρ' αὐτοῖς κατένειμε τὰς οἰκήσεις: οὐ τείχεσι περιγέγραπται: οὐχ ὁροθεσίοις διῄρηται: καὶ αὐτομάτως ἑκάστῳ τὸ χρήσιμον ἀποτέτακται. Οὗτος μὲν γὰρ ὁ κόλπος τάδε τινὰ γένη τῶν ἰχθύων βόσκει, κἀκεῖνος ἕτερα: καὶ τὰ ὧδε πληθύνοντα, ἄπορα παρ' ἑτέροις. Οὐδὲν ὄρος ὀξείαις κορυφαῖς ἀνατεταμένον διίστησιν, οὐ ποταμὸς τὴν διάβασιν ἀποτέμνεται, ἀλλὰ νόμος τίς ἐστι φύσεως ἴσως καὶ δικαίως κατὰ τὸ ἑκάστου χρειῶδες τὴν δίαιταν ἑκάστοις ἀποκληρῶν.