LETTER LXI. [A.D.394.]

This letter was addressed to Theodosius after his victory over Eugenius. S. Ambrose in it explains his absence from Milan, and after expressing his gratitude to God for His blessing on the arms of Theodosius, urges the Emperor to a merciful use of his victory.

AMBROSE TO THE EMPEROR THEODOSIUS.

1. You seem to have supposed, most blessed Emperor, as I understood from your Majesty's letters, that I had removed to a distance from Milan because I believed your cause was forsaken by God. But in my absence I was not so foolish, nor so unmindful of your virtues and good deeds, as not to feel sure that the assistance of heaven would aid your piety, and assist you to rescue the Roman Empire from the cruelty of a barbarian robber, and the rule of an unworthy usurper.

 2. Wherefore I made immediate haste to return, as soon as ever I was aware that he whom I thought it right to avoid was gone, for I had not deserted the Church of Milan, which the judgment of God had committed to me, but I shunned the presence of one who had involved himself in sacrilege. So I returned about the first of August, and from that day I have been in residence here, and here your Majesty's letter  07-1  1. a 'Apices' here and in § 5 undoubtedly means 'a letter.' 'Apex,' in late Latin, is used for a single letter written, and 'apices,' like 'literae,' for a continuous writing. Aulus Gellius (xiii. 30, 10, xvii, 9., 12.,) quoted in White's Dictionary, uses the phrase 'literarum apices,' and in Cod. Just. ii. 8. 6. we find 'Augusti apices' for ' the Emperor's rescripts.' has found me.

3. Thanks be to our Lord God, Who has responded to your faith and piety, and revived among us the pattern of ancient sanctity, giving to us to see in our own times what we marvel at in the Lessons of Holy Scripture, so effectual a presence, I mean, of Divine aid in battle  07-2  2. b Theodoret, v. 24. gives a detailed account of the ways in which the special intervention of heaven was displayed in Theodosius' campaign against Eugenius. S. Aug. De Civ. Dei, v, 26. says that Theodosius 'contra robustissimum Eugenii exercitum magis orando quam feriendo pugnavit,' and, after mentioning stories told by eyewitnesses of the manifest intervention of God on his behalf, quotes the well-known lines of Claudian, O nimium dilecte Deo cui fundit ab antris Aeolus armatas hyemes, cui militat aether, Et conjurati veniunt ad classica venti. , that no mountain tops delayed your passage, no hostile arms presented any impediment.

4. For this you think I ought to give thanks to the Lord our God; and this I will willingly do, conscious of your good deeds. That victim is certainly pleasing to God, which is offered in your name; and how great faith and devotion does this evince! Other Emperors, as soon as ever they gain a victory, order triumphal arches or other badges of triumph to be erected, but your Clemency provides a victim for God, and desires that oblations and thanksgivings should be offered to the Lord by the priests.

5. I therefore, though unworthy and unequal to such an office, and to the offering of such prayers, will yet tell you how I have acted. I carried with me your Majesty's letter to the altar, and laid it thereon, bearing it in my hand, when I offered the Sacrifice; that so your faith might speak with my voice, and the Imperial letter itself might perform the functions of the priestly oblation.

6. Truly the Lord is merciful to the Roman Empire, seeing that He hath chosen such a prince and parent of princes, whose virtue and power, raised on so great and triumphant an eminence of dominion, is supported by such humility as to vanquish Emperors in valour and priests in humility. What shall I wish for, or what shall I desire? You possess everything; from your stores therefore I will obtain the sum of my wishes; your Majesty is pitiful, and has great clemency.

7. But I desire for you again and again an increase of mercy, than which the Lord hath given nothing more excellent; that by your clemency, the Church of God, as it rejoices in the peace and tranquillity of the innocent, so it may also rejoice in the absolution of the guilty. I would chiefly ask you to pardon those who have sinned for the first time. May the Lord preserve your Clemency. Amen.

EPISTOLA LXI.

 Cur Mediolano secesserit, ac mature eodem redierit, declarato, gratiisque Deo propter opem THEODOSIO  praestitam actis, voluntati ejusdem principis obsecuturum se pollicetur. Cujus pietatem summe commendans, ut clementia utatur petit. 

AMBROSIUS THEODOSIO imperatori.

1. Arbitratus es, beatissime imperator, quantum ex  1186C augustis litteris tuis comperi, me longe abesse ab urbe Mediolanensium; quia res tuas crederem a Deo destitui. Sed non ego ita imprudens, aut virtutis et meritorum tuorum immemor abfui, ut non praesumerem coeleste auxilium pietati tuae adfore, quo Romanum imperium a barbari latronis immanitate et ab usurpatoris indigni solio vindicares.

2. Festinavi igitur illico reverti, posteaquam illum, quem jure declinandum putaveram, jam abesse cognovi; non enim ego Ecclesiam Mediolanensem  1187A dereliqueram Domini judicio mihi commissam: sed ejus vitabam praesentiam, qui se sacrilegio miscuisset. Redii itaque circiter kalendas Augustas, ex illo die hic resedi. Hic me, Auguste, clementiae tuae apices repererunt.

3. Gratias Domino Deo nostro, qui fidei tuae pietatique respondit; et formam veteris restituit sanctitatis; ut videremus nostro tempore, quod in Scripturarum lectione miramur, tantam in praeliis divini auxilii fuisse praesentiam, ut nulli vertices montium adventus tui cursum retardarent, non hostilia arma impedimentum aliquod afferrent.

1021 4. Pro his gratias me censes agere oportere Domino Deo nostro: faciam libenter conscius meriti tui. Certum est placitam Deo esse hostiam, quae vestro  1187B offertur nomine, et hoc quantae devotionis et fidei est! Alii imperatores in exordio victoriae arcus triumphales parari jubent, aut alia insignia triumphorum: clementia tua hostiam Deo parat, oblationem et gratiarum actionem per sacerdotes celebrari Domino desiderat.

5. Etsi ego indignus atque impar tanto muneri et tantorum votorum celebritati; tamen quid fecerim scribo. Epistolam pietatis tuae mecum ad altare detuli, ipsam altari imposui, ipsam gestavi manu, cum offerrem sacrificium; ut fides tua in mea voce loqueretur, et apices Augusti sacerdotalis oblationis munere fungerentur.

6. Vere Dominus propitius est imperio Romano; quandoquidem talem principem et parentem principum  1187C elegit, cujus virtus et potestas in tanto imperii constituta culmine triumphali, tanta sit humilitate subnixa, ut virtute imperatores, humilitate vicerit sacerdotes. Quid exoptem? quidve desiderem? Omnia habes: ex tuis itaque summam votorum capessam, pius es, Imperator, clementiam habes maximam.

7. Opto tamen tibi etiam atque etiam incrementa pietatis, qua nihil Dominus praestantius dedit; ut per tuam clementiam Ecclesia Dei sicut innocentium pace et tranquillitate gratulatur, ita etiam reorum absolutione laetetur. Ignosce maxime his, qui non ante  1188A peccarunt. Dominus clementiam tuam conservet, Amen.