How many genitives does "basileus" admit? Six: "basileus," genitive "basileos" with epsilon and omicron, commonly; "basileus," genitive "basileos," with epsilon and omega, in Attic; "basileus," genitive "basileos" with eta and omicron among the ancient Ionians and Aeolians, but now the Aeolians make it proparoxytone, saying "Achilleos" and "basileos"; "basileus," genitive "basileios" with the diphthong EI and omicron among the later Ionians and the new Aeolians, but these too the Aeolians make proparoxytone, saying "Achileios" and "basileios"; "basileus," genitive "basilios" with iota and omicron among the Boeotians; from "basileos" and by crasis of E and O into the diphthong EU, "basileus" among the Dorians, just as from "Odysseos" comes "Odysseus", and the poet [says] "Odysseus, taking, kissed the hand at the wrist," instead of "he kissed the hand of Odysseus." And in how many ways are E and O contracted? In three ways: among us into the diphthong OU, as "Demostheneos" becomes "Demosthenous"; among the Athenians into the diphthong EI, as "pleon" becomes "plein", and 71 "deon" becomes "dein"; among the Dorians into the diphthong EU, as "emeo" becomes "emeu"; and the poet [says], "emeu apomenisantos", and "theonto" becomes "theunto"; "theunto de mermera erga," that is, "they marvelled." Why do the Athenians not contract the E and Ω of the genitive "Achilleos" and "basileos" into Ω, as "Peiraieos" becomes "Peiraios"? Because nouns in -EUS not having a consonant before the E are contracted in the genitive among the Athenians, for instance, "Eretrieus," "Eretrieos," "Eretrios"; "Peiraieus," "Peiraieos," "Peiraios"; but of "Achilleus" and "Peleus" and "basileus," the genitives, having a consonant before the E, are not contracted. But it must be known that in the case of the contracted Attic forms which are made by contraction in the genitive of E into Ω, the Attics, contracting the same accusatives, make the accusative into A only, "ton Eretriea" becomes "ton Eretria," "ton Peiraiea" becomes "ton Peiraia." Why are "Eretriea" and similar forms not blended into H, whereas when there is a vowel, then it is into both A and H? But there is another rule which says that the crasis occurred in the same way as in the genitive; the crasis did not occur from the common genitive, but from the Attic genitive; and reasonably there is a different crasis into A only, and not also into H. "ton basilea" in Attic; why is the A long? Every genitive ending in -OS has the singular accusative ending in -A with the same length and the same accent, for instance, "Aiantos," "Aianta"; similarly "Peleus," "Pelea". The Athenians, therefore, since they say "Peleos," "Achilleos" with Ω, for this reason also make the singular accusative into a long A, so that it may be of equal length to the genitive; and there is much use of such an accusative in Euripides, for instance also the line, "truly I see this Peleus nearby." And if indeed they lengthen the A of the accusative "Pelea" by analogy with the genitive, why do they not also lengthen the I of the dative by analogy with the genitive, especially since the 72 rule says that every dative having the same number of syllables as the genitive also tends to have the same length as it? It can be said, then, that the Attics do not use the full dative for these, but the contracted form, so that they may not be forced to shorten the I of the dative by analogy with the common genitive; using the contracted form, therefore, they have it long. "ton basilea" does not form the contracted form. Why? Never, when the vocative ends in a vowel, must the accusative end in H. as in Homer, "of the horse-taming Trojans from Ilios," the ransom of a son (nominative). "Eneos," the speechless. It comes from the preposition ANA and from "ia" which means voice, from "hiesthai" and "pempesthai," or "poreuesthai" everywhere, and it becomes "anios," and by shortening of the vowel of doubtful quantity to E, "aneos," and by change of A to E, "eneos". The vocative, "o basileu." The rule: nouns ending in -EUS with a diphthong form the vocative by dropping the S; "ho Zeus," "o Zeu." How is "ho Zeus" declined? "tou Dios." The rule: there are two rules that fight with each other. The one says that every monosyllabic noun with a long final syllable, ending in S, being declined with a pure -OS, keeps the length of the nominative also in the genitive, for example "dmos," "dmoos"; "thos," "thoos"; and it ought to be "Zeuos". But the other says that nouns in -EUS are declined with -EOS, and

βασιλεὺς πόσας γενικὰς ε᾿πιδέ-χεται;Ἓξ· βασιλεὺς βασιλέος διὰ τοῦ Ε καὶ Ο μικροῦ κοινῶς· βασιλεὺς βασιλέως, διὰ τοῦ Ε καὶ ΩἈττικῶς· βασι λεὺς βασιλῆος διὰ τοῦ Η καὶ Ο παρὰ τοῖς α᾿ρχαίοιςἼωσι καὶ Αι᾿ολεῦσιν, α᾿λλὰ νῦν Αι᾿ολεῖς προπαροξύνουσιν,Ἀχίλληος καὶ βασίληος λέγοντες· βασιλεὺς βασιλεῖος διὰ τῆς ΕΙ διφθόγγου καὶ Ο παρὰ τοῖς νεωτέροιςἼωσι καὶ τοῖς νέοις Αι᾿ολεῦσιν, α᾿λλὰ καὶ ταῦτα Αι᾿ολεῖς προπαροξύνουσιν,Ἀχί-λειος καὶ βασίλειος λέγουσι(οντες·) βασιλεὺς βασιλῖος διὰ τοῦ Ι καὶ Ο παρὰ τοῖς Βοιωτοῖσι· βασιλέος καὶ κράσει τοῦ Ε καὶ Ο ει᾿ς τὴν ΕΥ δίφθογγον βασιλεῦς παρὰ ∆ωριεῦσιν, ω῾´σπερὈδυσσέος ὁὈδυσσεὺς, καὶ ὁ ποιητὴς Ὀδυσσεῦς δὲ λαβὼν κύσε χεῖρ' ε᾿πι` καρποῦ, α᾿ντὶ τοῦ,Ὀδυσσέως τὴν χεῖρα ε᾿φι´λησε. Καὶ ποσαχῶς συναιρεῖται τὸ Ε καὶ Ο; Τριχῶς· παρ' ἡμῖν μὲν ει᾿ς τὴν ΟΥ δίφθογγον, ὡς ∆ημοσθένεος ∆ημοσθένους· παρὰ δὲ τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ει᾿ς τὴν ΕΙ δίφθογγον, ὡς τὸ πλέον πλεῖν, καὶ 71 δέον δεῖν· παρὰ ∆ωριεῦσιν ει᾿ς τὴν ΕΥ δίφθογγον, ὡς τὸ ἐμέο ε᾿μεῦ· καὶ ὁ ποιητὴς, ε᾿μεῦ ἀπομηνίσαντος, καὶ θηέοντο θηεῦντο· θηεῦντο δὲ μέρμερα ε᾿´ργα, τουτέστιν, ε᾿θαύμαζον. ∆ιατί ου᾿ συναιροῦσιν οἱἈθηναῖοι τῆςἈχιλλέος καὶ βασιλέως γενικῆς τὸ Ε καὶ Ω ει᾿ς Ω, ω῾´σπερ Πειραιέως Πει ραιῶς; ∆ιότι τὰ ει᾿ς ΕΥΣ μὴ ε᾿´χοντα μὲν πρὸ τοῦ Ε σύμφωνον συναιροῦνται κατὰ τὴν γενικὴν παρὰ τοῖςἈθηναίοις, οι῾῀ον ἘρετριεὺςἘρετριέωςἘρετριῶς, Πειραιεὺς Πειραιέως Πειραιῶς· τοῦ δὲἈχιλλεὺς καὶ Πηλεὺς καὶ βασιλεὺς αἱ γενικαὶ ε᾿´χουσαι πρὸ τοῦ Ε σύμφωνον, ου᾿ συναιροῦνται. ∆εῖ δὲ γινώσκειν, ο῾´τι ε᾿πι` τῶν συναιρουμένωνἈττικῶν τῶν γινομένων κατὰ συναλοιφὴν ε᾿ν τῇ γενικῇ τοῦ Ε ει᾿ς Ω οἱ Ἀττικοὶ τὰς αυ᾿τα`ς αι᾿τιατικὰς συναλείφοντες ει᾿ς Α μόνως ποιοῦσι τὴν αι᾿τιατικὴν, τὸνἘρετριέα τὸνἘρετριᾶ, τὸν Πειραιέα τὸν Πειραιᾶ. ∆ιατί τὸἘρετριέα καὶ τὰ ο῾´μοια ει᾿ς Η ου᾿ κιρνᾶται, ἡνίκα δὲ φωνῆεν, τότε καὶ ει᾿ς Α καὶ Η; Ἀλλ' ε῾´τερος κανών ε᾿στιν ὁ λέγων, ο῾´τι ο῾`ν τρόπον ε᾿ν τῇ γενικῇ ἐγένετο ἡ κράσις, ου᾿κ ἀπὸ τῆς κοινῆς γενικῆς, α᾿λλ' α᾿πο` τῆςἈττικῆς ε᾿γε´νετο ἡ κράσις· καὶ ευ᾿λο´γως ει᾿ς Α μόνον ε᾿στὶν ἑτέρα κράσις, ου᾿χι` καὶ ει᾿ς Η. Τὸν βασιλέα Ἀττικῶς· τὸ Α μακρὸν διατί; Πᾶσα γενικὴ ει᾿ς ΟΣ λήγουσα ε᾿´χει τὴν αι᾿τιατικὴν τῶν ἑνικῶν ει᾿ς Α λή γουσαν ὁμότονος(χρονον) καὶ ὁμότονον, οι῾῀ον Αι᾿´αντος Αι᾿´αντα, ὁμοίως Πηλεὺς Πηλέα· οἱ γοῦνἈθηναῖοι, ε᾿πειδὴ Πηλέως Ἀχιλλέως λέγουσι διὰ τοῦ Ω, τούτου χάριν καὶ τὴν αι᾿τια τικὴν τῶν ἑνικῶν ποιοῦσιν ει᾿ς Α μακρὸν, ι῾´να ι᾿σο´χρονος γένηται τῇ γενικῇ· καὶ πολλή ἐστιν ἡ χρῆσις τῆς τοιαύτης αι᾿τιατικῆς παρ' Ευ᾿ριπίδῃ, οι῾῀ον ε᾿στὶ καὶ τὸ μὴν δέδορκα τόνδε Πηλέα πέλας. Καὶ ει᾿ α᾿´ρα τῆς Πηλέα αι᾿τιατικῆς τὸ Α ε᾿κτείνουσι πρὸς α᾿ναλογίαν τῆς γενικῆς, διατί ου᾿κ ἐκτείνουσι καὶ τὸ Ι τῆς δοτικῆς πρὸς α᾿ναλογίαν τῆς γενικῆς, καὶ μάλιστα τοῦ 72 κανόνος λέγοντος, ο῾´τι πᾶσα δοτικὴ ἰσοσυλλαβοῦσα τῇ γενικῇ καὶ ἰσοχρονεῖν αυ᾿τῇ θέλει;Ἔστιν ου᾿῀ν ει᾿πεῖν, ο῾´τι ου᾿ κέχρηνται οἱἈττικοὶ ἐπὶ τούτων τῇ ἐντελεῖ δοτικῇ, α᾿λλ' αυ᾿τῇ συνῃρημένῃ, ι῾´να μὴ ἀναγκασθῶσι πρὸς α᾿ναλογίαν τῆς κοινῆς γενικῆς συστεῖλαι τὸ Ι τῆς δοτικῆς· τῇ συναιρέσει ου᾿῀ν κεχρημένοι ε᾿´χουσιν αυ᾿τη`ν μακράν. Τὸν βασιλέα τὸ συνῃ ρημένον ου᾿ ποιεῖ. ∆ιατί; Ου᾿δε´ποτε τῆς κλητικῆς ει᾿ς φωνῆεν ληγούσης ο᾿φείλει ἡ αι᾿τιατικὴ ει᾿ς Η καταλήγειν. ὡς παρ'Ὁμήρῳ Τρώων ἱπποδαμῶν ε᾿ξἸλίου υι῾῀ος ευ᾿θείας α᾿´ποινα.Ἐνεὸς, ὁ α᾿´φωνος. Γίνεται α᾿πο` τῆς ΑΝΑ προθέσεως καὶ τοῦ ἰὰ ο῾` σημαίνει τὴν φωνὴν, α᾿πο` τοῦ ι῾´εσθαι καὶ πέμ πεσθαι, η᾿` πορεύεσθαι πανταχοῦ, καὶ γίνεται α᾿νιὸς, καὶ συστολῇ τοῦ διχρόνου ει᾿ς Ε α᾿νεὸς, καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ Α ει᾿ς Ε, ε᾿νεός· Ἡ κλητικὴ, ω᾿῀ βασιλεῦ.Ὁ κανών· τὰ ει᾿ς ΕΥΣ λήγοντα μετὰ διφθόγγου α᾿ποβολῇ τοῦ Σ ποιεῖ τὴν κλητικήν· ὁ Ζεὺς, ω᾿῀ Ζεῦ.Ὁ Ζεὺς πῶς κλίνεται; Τοῦ ∆ιός.Ὁ κανών· δύο κανόνες ει᾿σι μαχόμενοι α᾿λλήλοις· ὁ μὲν ει῾῀ς λέγει, ο῾´τι πᾶν ο᾿´νομα μονοσύλλαβον μακροκατάληκτον, ει᾿ς Σ λῆγον, διὰ τοῦ ΟΣ καθαροῦ κλινόμενον, τὸν χρόνον τῆς ευ᾿θείας φυλάσσει καὶ ε᾿ν τῇ γενικῇ, οι῾῀ον δμὼς δμωὸς, θὼς θωὸς, καὶ ὀφείλει ει᾿῀ναι Ζευός· ὁ δὲ ε῾´τερος λέγει, ο῾´τι τὰ ει᾿ς ΕΥΣ διὰ τοῦ ΕΟΣ κλί νονται, καὶ