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He did not command virginity, and many achieve it; He did not command poverty, and many cast aside their own things, testifying by their deeds to the great ease of the laws of the commandment; for they would not have surpassed them, unless the things commanded were themselves easy. He did not command virginity; for one who commands virginity brings even the unwilling under the necessity of the law; but one who exhorts leaves the hearer master of his choice. For this reason Paul also says, Now concerning virgins I have no commandment of the Lord, but I give my judgment. Do you see it is not a commandment, but advice? Do you see it is not an order, but an exhortation? And there is a great difference; for the one is of necessity, the other of free will. I do not command, he says, that I may not burden; I exhort and I advise, that I may persuade. So also Christ; He did not say, Let all of you be virgins; for if He had commanded all to be virgins and had made the order a law, one who succeeded would not have enjoyed as much honor as now, and one who disobeyed would have paid the ultimate penalty. Have you seen how our Lawgiver spares us? How He cares for our salvation? For was He not able to make this a commandment as well, and to say that those who are virgins, let them be honored, but those who are not virgins, let them be punished? But it would have burdened nature; He spares our nature. He has left virginity outside the stadiums, He has left it above the contests, so that both those who succeed may show their own magnanimity, and those who do not succeed may enjoy the pardon of the Master. Thus also concerning poverty He did not make the matter a commandment. For He did not simply say, Sell your possessions, but, If you wish to be perfect, go, sell your possessions. Let it rest with your will, you shall be master of the decision; I do not compel, nor do I burden, but the one who succeeds I crown, and the one who does not succeed I do not punish. For things done from commandment and from obligation do not have so great a reward; but things done from free will and from one's own generosity have brilliant crowns. And of these things I bring Paul as a witness: If I preach the gospel, he says, I have nothing to boast of. Why? For necessity is laid upon me. Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel. You see, in the laws, the one who succeeds does not have a great reward; for it is a necessity; but the one who does not succeed is liable to punishment and retribution. For woe to me, he says, if I do not preach the gospel. But concerning the other things it is not so, concerning things of free will, but what? What then is my reward? That when I preach the gospel, I may offer the gospel of God free of charge, so as not 49.319 to make full use of my right. There it was a law, for this reason it did not have a great reward; but this was of free will, wherefore it had a great reward. δʹ. All these things have been said by me not simply, but on account of the divine law, that I might show it is not heavy, not burdensome, not toilsome, nor impossible. Come now, let us also make this very thing clear from the words of Christ Himself; He who has looked at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. Christ also perceived this very thing, that many are going to accuse the law of difficulty; for this reason He did not introduce it bare, nor plain, nor by itself, but also reminds of the old law, showing from the comparison both its ease and His own love for humanity. But how, pay attention. For He did not simply say, He who has looked at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart—here pay close attention; but first He recalled the old law, saying thus: You have heard that it was said to those of old, You shall not commit adultery; but I say to you, everyone who has looked at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. Have you seen the two laws, the old and the new, the one which Moses laid down, and the one which He Himself introduces? or rather, He Himself laid down this one too; for through Moses He Himself spoke. And from where

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Παρθενίαν οὐκ ἐπέταξε, καὶ κατορθοῦσι πολλοί· ἀκτημοσύνην οὐκ ἐπέταξε, καὶ πολλοὶ τὰ ἑαυτῶν ῥίπτουσι, διὰ τῶν ἔργων μαρτυροῦντες πολλὴν εὐκολίαν τοῖς τῆς ἐπιταγῆς νόμοις· οὐ γὰρ ἂν ὑπερέβησαν αὐτὰ, εἰ μὴ αὐτὰ τὰ ἐπιταγέντα εὔκολα ἦν. Οὐκ ἐπέταξε παρθενίαν· ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἐπιτάξας παρθενίαν ὑπὸ τὴν ἀνάγκην ἄγει τοῦ νόμου καὶ τὸν μὴ βουλόμενον· ὁ δὲ παραινέσας κύριον ἀφίησι τῆς αἱρέσεως τὸν ἀκροατήν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Παῦλός φησι, Περὶ δὲ τῶν παρθένων ἐπιταγὴν Κυρίου οὐκ ἔχω, γνώμην δὲ δίδωμι. Ὁρᾷς οὐκ ἐπιταγὴν, ἀλλὰ συμβουλήν; ὁρᾷς οὐ πρόσταγμα, ἀλλὰ παραίνεσιν; Πολὺ δὲ τὸ μέσον· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἀνάγκης ἐστὶν, τὸ δὲ προαιρέσεως. Οὐκ ἐπιτάσσω, φησὶν, ἵνα μὴ βαρήσω· παραινῶ καὶ συμβουλεύω, ἵνα ἐναγάγω. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Χριστός· οὐκ εἶπε, Πάντες δὲ παρθενεύετε· εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἐπέταξε παρθενεύειν ἅπαντας καὶ νόμον ἐποίησε τὸ πρόσταγμα, οὔτε κατορθώσας ἂν πολλῆς ἀπέλαυσε τιμῆς ὅσης νῦν, καὶ ὁ παρακούσας τὴν ἐσχάτην ἂν ἔδωκε δίκην. Εἶδες πῶς ἡμῶν ὁ νομοθέτης φείδεται; πῶς κήδεται τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας; Μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἐδύνατο καὶ τοῦτο ἐπίταγμα ποιῆσαι, καὶ εἰπεῖν ὅτι Οἱ μὲν παρθενεύοντες τιμάσθωσαν, οἱ δὲ μὴ παρθενεύοντες κολαζέσθωσαν; Ἀλλ' ἐβάρει τὴν φύσιν· φείδεται τῆς φύσεως τῆς ἡμετέρας. Ἀφῆκεν ἔξω τῶν σταδίων, ἀφῆκεν ἀνωτέρω τῶν ἀγώνων τὴν παρθενίαν, ἵνα καὶ οἱ κατορθοῦντες τὴν οἰκείαν μεγαλοψυχίαν ἐπιδείξωνται, καὶ οἱ μὴ κατορθοῦντες τῆς συγγνώμης ἀπολαύσωσι τοῦ ∆εσπότου. Οὕτω καὶ περὶ τῆς ἀκτημοσύνης οὐκ ἐποίησε τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐπίταγμα. Οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς εἶπε, Πώλησόν σου τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, ἀλλ', Εἰ θέλεις τέλειος εἶναι, ὕπαγε, πώλησόν σου τὰ ὑπάρχοντα. Ἐν τῇ βουλῇ κείσθω τῇ σῇ, κύριος ἔσο τῆς γνώμης· οὐκ ἀναγκάζω, οὐδὲ βαρῶ, ἀλλὰ κατορθώσαντα μὲν στεφανῶ, μὴ κατορθώσαντα δὲ οὐ κολάζω. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἐξ ἐπιταγῆς γινόμενα καὶ ἐξ ὀφειλῆς, οὐ τοσοῦτον ἔχει μισθόν· τὰ δὲ ἐκ προαιρέσεως καὶ ἐξ οἰκείας φιλοτιμίας λαμπροὺς ἔχει τοὺς στεφάνους. Καὶ τούτων Παῦλον παράγω μάρτυρα· Ἐὰν εὐαγγελίζωμαι, φησὶν, οὐκ ἔστι μοι καύχημα. ∆ιὰ τί; Ἀνάγκη γάρ μοι ἐπίκειται. Οὐαὶ δέ μοί ἐστιν, ἐὰν μὴ εὐαγγελίζωμαι. Ὁρᾷς, ἐν τοῖς νόμοις ὁ μὲν κατορθώσας οὐκ ἔχει πολὺν μισθόν· ἀνάγκη γάρ ἐστιν· ὁ δὲ μὴ κατορθώσας ὑπεύθυνός ἐστι τῇ κολάσει καὶ τῇ τιμωρίᾳ. Οὐαὶ γάρ μοι, φησὶν, ἐὰν μὴ εὐαγγελίζωμαι. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων οὐχ οὕτως, ἐπὶ τῶν ἐκ προαιρέσεως, ἀλλὰ τί; Τίς οὖν μοί ἐστιν ὁ μισθός; Ἵνα εὐαγγελιζόμενος ἀδάπανον θήσω τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰς τὸ μὴ 49.319 καταχρήσασθαι τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ μου. Ἐκεῖ νόμος ἦν, διὰ τοῦτο μισθὸν οὐκ εἶχε πολύν· τοῦτο δὲ προαιρέσεως ἦν, διὸ πολὺν ἔσχε τὸν μισθόν. δʹ. Ταῦτά μοι πάντα οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἴρηται, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν νόμον τὸν θεῖον, ἵνα δείξω οὐκ ὄντα βαρὺν, οὐκ ὄντα φορτικὸν, οὐκ ὄντα ἐπίπονον οὐδὲ ἀδύνατον. Φέρε δὴ καὶ ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν τοῦ Χριστοῦ ῥημάτων αὐτὸ τοῦτο φανερὸν ποιήσωμεν· Ὁ ἐμβλέψας γυναῖκα πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι αὐτῆς, ἤδη ἐμοίχευσεν αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ. Συνεῖδε καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, ὅτι μέλλουσι πολλοὶ τοῦ νόμου κατηγορεῖν τὴν δυσκολίαν· διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸν οὐ γυμνὸν εἰσήνεγκεν, οὐδὲ ψιλὸν, οὐδὲ καθ' ἑαυτὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ παλαιοῦ ἀναμιμνήσκει νόμου, ἀπὸ τῆς συγκρίσεως καὶ τὴν εὐκολίαν καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ φιλανθρωπίαν ἐνδεικνύμενος. Πῶς δὲ, προσέχετε. Οὐκ εἶπε γὰρ ἁπλῶς, Ὁ ἐμβλέψας γυναῖκα πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι αὐτῆς, ἤδη ἐμοίχευσεν αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἐνταῦθα προσέχετε μετὰ ἀκριβείας· ἀλλὰ πρότερον ἀνέμνησε τοῦ παλαιοῦ νόμου οὕτω λέγων· Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐῤῥέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις, Οὐ μοιχεύσεις· ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, πᾶς ὁ ἐμβλέψας γυναῖκα πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι αὐτῆς, ἤδη ἐμοίχευσεν αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ. Εἶδες τοὺς δύο νόμους, τὸν παλαιὸν καὶ τὸν καινὸν, ὃν ἔθηκε Μωϋσῆς, καὶ ὃν εἰσάγει αὐτός; μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ τοῦτον αὐτὸς ἕθηκε· καὶ γὰρ διὰ Μωϋσέως αὐτὸς ἐλάλησε. Καὶ πόθεν